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Guo C, Ruan J, Li Z, Fu H, Li K, Gong X, Gu X, Gu J, Shi H. Cadmium promoted LPS-induced inflammation through TLR4/IκBα/NFκ-B signaling by increasing ROS-mediated incomplete autophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116405. [PMID: 38696874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure is considered as non-infectious stressor to human and animal health. Recent studies suggest that the immunotoxicity of low dose Cd is not directly apparent, but disrupts the immune responses when infected with some bacteria or virus. But how Cd alters the adaptive immunity organ and cells remains unclear. In this study, we applied lipopolysaccharide (LPS, infectious stressor) to induced inflammation in spleen tissues and T cells, and investigated the effects after Cd exposure and the underlying mechanism. Cd exposure promoted LPS-induced the expressions of the inflammatory factors, induced abnormal initiation of autophagy, but blocked autophagic flux. The effects Cd exposure under LPS activation were reversed by the autophagy promoter Rapamycin. Under LPS activation conditions, Cd also induced oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reducing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity. The increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after Cd exposure might be a negative feedback or passive adaptive regulation of oxidative stress. Cd-increased autophagic flux inhibition and TNF-α expression were reversed by ROS scavenger α-tocopherol (TCP). Furthermore, under LPS activation condition, Cd promoted activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/IκBα/NFκ-B signaling pathway and increased TLR4 protein stability, which were abolished by the pretreatment of Rapamycin. The present study confirmed that, by increasing ROS-mediated inhibiting autophagic degradation of TLR4, Cd promoted LPS-induced inflammation in spleen T cells. This study identified the mechanism of autophagy in Cd-aggravated immunotoxicity under infectious stress, which could arouse public attention to synergistic toxicity of Cd and bacterial or virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiacheng Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zehua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huilin Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Gu
- King's Own Institute, Sydney 2000, Australia; The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Pan J, Wang Y, Huang S, Mao S, Ling Q, Li C, Li F, Yu M, Huang X, Huang J, Lv Y, Li X, Ye W, Wang H, Wang J, Jin J. High expression of BCAT1 sensitizes AML cells to PARP inhibitor by suppressing DNA damage response. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:415-433. [PMID: 38340163 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous evidence has confirmed that branched-chain aminotransferase-1 (BCAT1), a key enzyme governing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, has a role in cancer aggression partly by restricting αKG levels and inhibiting the activities of the αKG-dependent enzyme family. The oncogenic role of BCAT1, however, was not fully elucidated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and biological insight of BCAT1 in AML. Using q-PCR, we analyzed BCAT1 mRNAs in bone marrow samples from 332 patients with newly diagnosed AML. High BCAT1 expression independently predicts poor prognosis in patients with AML. We also established BCAT1 knockout (KO)/over-expressing (OE) AML cell lines to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that BCAT1 affects cell proliferation and modulates cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage/repair process. Additionally, we demonstrated that BCAT1 regulates histone methylation by reducing intracellular αKG levels in AML cells. Moreover, high expression of BCAT1 enhances the sensitivity of AML cells to the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor both in vivo and in vitro. Our study has demonstrated that BCAT1 expression can serve as a reliable predictor for AML patients, and PARP inhibitor BMN673 can be used as an effective treatment strategy for patients with high BCAT1 expression. KEY MESSAGES: High expression of BCAT1 is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with CN-AML. High BCAT1 expression in AML limits intracellular αKG levels, impairs αKG-dependent histone demethylase activity, and upregulates H3K9me3 levels. H3K9me3 inhibits ATM expression and blocks cellular DNA damage repair process. Increased sensitivity of BCAT1 high expression AML to PARP inhibitors may be used as an effective treatment strategy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Shihui Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Doxorubicin-An Agent with Multiple Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040659. [PMID: 36831326 PMCID: PMC9954613 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) constitutes the major constituent of anti-cancer treatment regimens currently in clinical use. However, the precise mechanisms of DOX's action are not fully understood. Emerging evidence points to the pleiotropic anticancer activity of DOX, including its contribution to DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis induction, as well as its immunomodulatory role. This review aims to collect information on the anticancer mechanisms of DOX as well as its influence on anti-tumor immune response, providing a rationale behind the importance of DOX in modern cancer therapy.
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Analysis of Lymphoma-Related Genes with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Enrichment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8503511. [PMID: 35795312 PMCID: PMC9251090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8503511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a serious malignant tumor that contains more than 70 different types and seriously endangers the body's lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is the regulatory center of the immune system and is important in the immune response to foreign antigens and tumors. Studies showed that multiple genetic variants are associated with lymphoma but determining the pathogenic mechanisms remains a challenge. In the present study, we first applied the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of lymphoma-associated and lymphoma-nonassociated genes. Next, the Boruta and max-relevance and min-redundancy feature selection methods were performed to filter and rank features. Then, features preselected and ranked using the incremental feature selection method were applied for the decision tree model to identify the best GO terms and KEGG pathways and extract classification rules. Results indicate that our predicted features, such as B-cell activation, negative regulation of protein processing, negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, are associated with the biological process of lymphoma, consistent with those of recent publications. This study provides a new perspective for future research on the molecular mechanisms of lymphoma.
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Tim-1 alleviates lupus nephritis-induced podocyte injury via regulating autophagy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:305-313. [PMID: 34764802 PMCID: PMC8574111 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which seriously threatens the health of people. Tim-1 is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the role of Tim-1 in LN is still unclear. Aim of the study To explore the expression and the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of Tim-1 in LN-induced podocyte injury. Material and methods An in vivo model of LN was established to detect the expression of Tim-1, inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related proteins. Podocytes were treated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) to establish the LN in vitro model and then treated with an autophagy inhibitor. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to investigate the effect of Tim-1 on inflammatory responses as well as autophagy in podocytes. The function of Tim-1 in IgG-induced podocytes was detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Tim-1, L3BII/L3BI ratio and inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in LN mice. Tim-1 notably inhibited IgG-induced inflammatory responses in podocytes via reducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression, and it could protect podocytes against LN-induced injury via inducing autophagy. Meanwhile, Tim-1 significantly promoted the proliferation of IgG-induced podocytes via inhibiting apoptosis. The autophagy inhibitor reversed the effect of Tim-1 on inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related proteins in IgG-treated podocytes. Conclusions Tim-1 protects podocytes against LN-induced injury via mediating autophagy, which might serve as a new target for the treatment of LN.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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7
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Cellular functions of the protein kinase ATM and their relevance to human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:796-814. [PMID: 34429537 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a master regulator of double-strand DNA break (DSB) signalling and stress responses. For three decades, ATM has been investigated extensively to elucidate its roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and in the pathogenesis of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a human neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of ATM. Although hundreds of proteins have been identified as ATM phosphorylation targets and many important roles for this kinase have been identified, it is still unclear how ATM deficiency leads to the early-onset cerebellar degeneration that is common in all individuals with A-T. Recent studies suggest the existence of links between ATM deficiency and other cerebellum-specific neurological disorders, as well as the existence of broader similarities with more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent structural insights into ATM regulation, and possible aetiologies of A-T phenotypes, including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in transcription, R-loop metabolism and alternative splicing, defects in cellular proteostasis and metabolism, and potential pathogenic roles for hyper-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Jiang X, Cui H, Zhou T, He Z, Feng H, Guo Q, Song X, Cao L. ATM at the crossroads of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3080-3090. [PMID: 34421351 PMCID: PMC8375236 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally small, short-lived and highly reactive molecules, initially thought to be a pathological role in the cell. A growing amount of evidence in recent years argues for ROS functioning as a signaling intermediate to facilitate cellular adaptation in response to pathophysiological stress through the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that plays a crucial role in recycling cellular components and damaged organelles to eliminate sources of ROS in response to various stress conditions. A large number of studies have shown that DNA damage response (DDR) transducer ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein can also be activated by ROS, and its downstream signaling pathway is involved in autophagy regulation. This review aims at providing novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of ATM activated by ROS and its molecular basis for inducing autophagy, and revealing a new function that ATM can not only maintain genome homeostasis in the nucleus, but also as a ROS sensor trigger autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Xie
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyou Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
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Paull TT. DNA damage and regulation of protein homeostasis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103155. [PMID: 34116476 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions is associated with many pathological outcomes in humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases and in normal aging. Evidence supporting a causal role for DNA damage in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease has come from rare human patients with mutations in DNA damage response genes as well as from model organisms; however, the generality of this relationship in the normal population is unclear. In addition, the relevance of DNA damage in the context of proteotoxic stress-the widely accepted paradigm for pathology during neurodegeneration-is not well understood. Here, observations supporting intertwined roles of DNA damage and proteotoxicity in aging-related neurological outcomes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent insights into the relationships between DNA repair and autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, formation of protein aggregates, poly-ADP-ribose polymerization, and transcription-driven DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Paull
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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