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Kar A, Agarwal S, Singh A, Bajaj A, Dasgupta U. Insights into molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 42:101901. [PMID: 38341963 PMCID: PMC10867449 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity poses a significant hurdle to the successful treatment of the disease, and is being influenced by genetic inheritance, cellular and tissue biology, disease development, and response to therapy. While chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated effectiveness, their efficacy is impeded by challenges such as presence of resilient cancer stem cells, absence of specific biomarkers, and development of drug resistance. Often chemotherapy leads to a myriad of epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations in gene expression as well as changes in protein expression, thereby leading to massive metabolic reprogramming. This review seeks to provide a detailed account of various transcriptional regulations, proteomic changes, and metabolic reprogramming in various cancer models in response to three primary chemotherapeutic interventions, docetaxel, carboplatin, and doxorubicin. Discussing the molecular targets of some of these regulatory events and highlighting their contribution in sensitivity to chemotherapy will provide insights into drug resistance mechanisms and uncover novel perspectives in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Kar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Shivam Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon-122413, Haryana, India
| | - Agrata Singh
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon-122413, Haryana, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ujjaini Dasgupta
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon-122413, Haryana, India.
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2
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Bagheri M, Lee MK, Muller KE, Miller TW, Pattabiraman DR, Christensen BC. Alteration of DNA methyltransferases by eribulin elicits broad DNA methylation changes with potential therapeutic implications for triple-negative breast cancer. Epigenomics 2024; 16:293-308. [PMID: 38356412 PMCID: PMC10910603 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Eribulin, a chemotherapeutic drug, induces epigenetic changes in cancer cells, suggesting a unique mechanism of action. Materials & methods: MDA-MB 231 cells were treated with eribulin and paclitaxel, and the samples from 53 patients treated with neoadjuvant eribulin were compared with those from 14 patients who received the standard-of-care treatment using immunohistochemistry. Results: Eribulin treatment caused significant DNA methylation changes in drug-tolerant persister TNBC cells, and it also elicited changes in the expression levels of epigenetic modifiers (DNMT1, TET1, DNMT3A/B) in vitro and in primary TNBC tumors. Conclusion: These findings provide new insights into eribulin's mechanism of action and potential biomarkers for predicting TNBC treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kristen E Muller
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Diwakar R Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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3
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Qannita RA, Alalami AI, Harb AA, Aleidi SM, Taneera J, Abu-Gharbieh E, El-Huneidi W, Saleh MA, Alzoubi KH, Semreen MH, Hudaib M, Bustanji Y. Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) in Cancer: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Pathway Regulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:195. [PMID: 38399410 PMCID: PMC10892333 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator for balancing oxygen in the cells. It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. Recently, research has demonstrated the multiple roles of HIF-1 in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cancer. It is a crucial mediator of the hypoxic response and regulator of oxygen metabolism, thus contributing to tumor development and progression. Studies showed that the expression of the HIF-1α subunit is significantly upregulated in cancer cells and promotes tumor survival by multiple mechanisms. In addition, HIF-1 has potential contributing roles in cancer progression, including cell division, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Moreover, HIF-1 has a role in regulating cellular metabolic pathways, particularly the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Given its significant and potential roles in cancer development and progression, it has been an intriguing therapeutic target for cancer research. Several compounds targeting HIF-1-associated processes are now being used to treat different types of cancer. This review outlines emerging therapeutic strategies that target HIF-1 as well as the relevance and regulation of the HIF-1 pathways in cancer. Moreover, it addresses the employment of nanotechnology in developing these promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A. Qannita
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayah I. Alalami
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani A. Harb
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan;
| | - Shereen M. Aleidi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A. Saleh
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Hudaib
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.Q.); (A.I.A.); (J.T.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.A.S.); (K.H.A.); (M.H.S.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.M.A.); (M.H.)
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4
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Bagheri M, Lee MK, Muller KE, Miller TW, Pattabiraman DR, Christensen BC. Alteration of DNMT1/DNMT3A by eribulin elicits global DNA methylation changes with potential therapeutic implications for triple-negative breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544426. [PMID: 37333096 PMCID: PMC10274899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease subtype with limited treatment options. Eribulin is a chemotherapeutic approved for the treatment of advanced breast cancer that has been shown to elicit epigenetic changes. We investigated the effect of eribulin treatment on genome-scale DNA methylation patterns in TNBC cells. Following repeated treatment, The results showed that eribulin-induced changes in DNA methylation patterns evident in persister cells. Eribulin also affected the binding of transcription factors to genomic ZEB1 binding sites and regulated several cellular pathways, including ERBB and VEGF signaling and cell adhesion. Eribulin also altered the expression of epigenetic modifiers including DNMT1, TET1, and DNMT3A/B in persister cells. Data from primary human TNBC tumors supported these findings: DNMT1 and DNMT3A levels were altered by eribulin treatment in human primary TNBC tumors. Our results suggest that eribulin modulates DNA methylation patterns in TNBC cells by altering the expression of epigenetic modifiers. These findings have clinical implications for using eribulin as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd W. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
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5
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Abusara OH, Ibrahim AIM, Issa H, Hammad AM, Ismail WH. In Vitro Evaluation of ALDH1A3-Affinic Compounds on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines as Single Treatments and in Combination with Doxorubicin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2170-2181. [PMID: 36975509 PMCID: PMC10047313 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are involved in the growth and development of several tissues, including cancer cells. It has been reported that targeting the ALDH family, including the ALDH1A subfamily, enhances cancer treatment outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ALDH1A3-affinic compounds that have been recently discovered by our group, on breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. These compounds were investigated on the selected cell lines as single treatments and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX). Results showed that the combination treatment experiments of the selective ALDH1A3 inhibitors (compounds 15 and 16) at variable concentrations with DOX resulted in significant increases in the cytotoxic effect on the MCF7 cell line for compound 15, and to a lesser extent for compound 16 on the PC-3 cell line, compared to DOX alone. The activity of compounds 15 and 16 as single treatments on all cell lines was found to be non-cytotoxic. Therefore, our findings showed that the investigated compounds have a promising potential to target cancer cells, possibly via an ALDH-related pathway, and sensitize them to DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H. Abusara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali I. M. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | | | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Worood H. Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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6
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Alwahsh M, Farhat J, Talhouni S, Hamadneh L, Hergenröder R. Bortezomib advanced mechanisms of action in multiple myeloma, solid and liquid tumors along with its novel therapeutic applications. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:146-168. [PMID: 36998701 PMCID: PMC10043448 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class reversible and selective proteasome inhibitor. It inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway that leads to the degradation of many intracellular proteins. Initially, BTZ was FDA approved for the treatment of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) in 2003. Later, its usage was approved for patients with previously untreated MM. In 2006, BTZ was approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and, in 2014, for previously untreated MCL. BTZ has been extensively studied either alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different liquid tumors especially in MM. However, limited data evaluated the efficacy and safety of using BTZ in patients with solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the advanced and novel mechanisms of action of BTZ documented in MM, solid tumors and liquid tumors. Moreover, we will shed the light on the newly discovered pharmacological effects of BTZ in other prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Research Center (ZMF), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Alwahsh, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan, E-mail:
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahd Talhouni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Wang R, Wang R, Tian J, Wang J, Tang H, Wu T, Wang H. BTG2 as a tumor target for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:339. [PMID: 35401805 PMCID: PMC8988138 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common breast cancer subtypes, luminal A breast cancer is sensitive to endocrine-based therapy and insensitive to chemotherapy. Patients with luminal A subtype of breast cancer have a relatively good prognosis compared with that of patients with other subtypes of breast cancer. However, with the increased incidence in endocrine resistance and severe side effects, simple endocrine therapy has become unsuitable for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets for luminal A breast cancer may accelerate the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The bioinformatical analysis of the current study, which included KEGG and GO analyses of the GSE20437 dataset containing 24 healthy and 18 breast cancer tissue samples, identified key target genes associated with breast cancer. Moreover, survival analysis results revealed that a low expression of BTG2 was significantly associated with the low survival rate of patients with breast cancer, indicated that B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) may be a potential target in breast cancer. However, BTG2 may be cancer type-dependent, as overexpression of BTG2 has been demonstrated to suppress the proliferation of pancreatic and lung cancer cells, but promote the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. Since the association between BTG2 and luminal A-subtype breast cancer remains unclear, it is important to understand the biological function of BTG2 in luminal A breast cancer. Based on the expression levels of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor, MCF-7 cells were selected in the present study as a luminal A breast cancer cell type. MTT, Transwell invasion and wound healing assays revealed that overexpression of BTG2 suppressed the levels of MCF-7 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, the downregulation of BTG2 at the mRNA and protein level was also confirmed in luminal A breast tumor tissue, which was consistent with the results in vitro. These results indicated that BTG2 may act as an effective target for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiao Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
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Validated HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin Employing Ion Pair Chromatography: Application in Formulation Development and Pharmacokinetic Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7708235. [PMID: 35309174 PMCID: PMC8926476 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7708235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Though paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) are amongst the most widely used and investigated drug pair for combination chemotherapy but surprisingly, not a single validated HPLC-UV method is available to analyze PTX and DOX simultaneously. So, herein a HPLC-UV method is developed and validated for the same, filling an indispensable gap in the literature. As these two moieties have characteristically different polarities, resolving them under the common chromatographic conditions is a challenging task. Herein, the principle of ion pair chromatography is utilized to resolve these two moieties on a C18 column employing an isocratic mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and octane sulfonic acid buffer (67 : 37) and detected simultaneously at 231 nm using a UV detector only. The retention time is 4.4 and 7.2 min for PTX and DOX, respectively, with a total analysis time of less than 10 minutes, suitable for the formulation development and research, while LOQ is less than 0.066 μg/ml for both the drugs, suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring at preclinical and clinical research setup. To substantiate the applicability of the developed method, a nanoformulation coloaded with PTX and DOX was designed and analyzed using the developed protocol. The method is also applied successfully to study the plasma kinetic profile of both the moieties simultaneously in Balb/c mice. Further, the method is validated as per the ICH guidelines fulfilling the unmet need of a validated analytical tool to simultaneously estimate PTX and DOX. Moreover, the results suggest that the principal of common ion chromatography demonstrated here can also be applied further for the simultaneous chromatographic separation of other polar and nonpolar moieties too. Consequently, the reported method surely will advance the toolset required for the precision-based combination chemotherapy.
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9
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Čelešnik H, Potočnik U. Peripheral Blood Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Patients as a Source of Less Invasive Immune Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine, and Implications for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:591. [PMID: 35158858 PMCID: PMC8833511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome studies of peripheral blood cells can advance our understanding of the systemic immune response to the presence of cancer and the mechanisms underlying cancer onset and progression. This enables the identification of novel minimally invasive immune biomarkers for early cancer detection and personalized cancer management and may bring forward new immunotherapy options. Recent blood gene expression analyses in breast cancer (BC) identified distinct patient subtypes that differed in the immune reaction to cancer and were distinct from the clinical BC subtypes, which are categorized based on expression of specific receptors on tumor cells. Introducing new BC subtypes based on peripheral blood gene expression profiles may be appropriate, since it may assist in BC prognosis, the identification of patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy, and treatment efficacy monitoring. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous, and difficult-to-treat disease, and identification of novel biomarkers for this BC is crucial for clinical decision-making. A few studies have reported TNBC-enriched blood transcriptional signatures, mostly related to strong inflammation and augmentation of altered immune signaling, that can differentiate TNBC from other classical BC subtypes and facilitate diagnosis. Future research is geared toward transitioning from expression signatures in unfractionated blood cells to those in immune cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Čelešnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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10
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Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Benincasa G, Ferraro G, Caliendo G, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:98. [PMID: 34726251 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of breast cancer (BC) lacks specific non‑invasive biomarkers able to provide an early diagnosis of the disease. Epigenetic‑sensitive signatures are influenced by environmental exposures and are mediated by direct molecular mechanisms, mainly guided by DNA methylation, which regulate the interplay between genetic and non‑genetic risk factors during cancerogenesis. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis. Of note, targeted tumor suppressor genes are frequently hypermethylated in patient‑derived BC tissues and peripheral blood biospecimens. In addition, epigenetic alterations in triple‑negative BC, as the most aggressive subtype, have been identified. Thus, detecting both targeted and genome‑wide DNA methylation changes through liquid‑based assays appears to be a useful clinical strategy for early detection, more accurate risk stratification and a personalized prediction of therapeutic response in patients with BC. Of note, the DNA methylation profile may be mapped by isolating the circulating tumor DNA from the plasma as a more accessible biospecimen. Furthermore, the sensitivity to treatment with chemotherapy, hormones and immunotherapy may be altered by gene‑specific DNA methylation, suggesting novel potential drug targets. Recently, the use of epigenetic drugs administered alone and/or with anticancer therapies has led to remarkable results, particularly in patients with BC resistant to anticancer treatment. The aim of the present review was to provide an update on DNA methylation changes that are potentially involved in BC development and their putative clinical utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Elia
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Caliendo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
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