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Pan Y, Li J, Fan Z, Chen Y, Huang X, Wu D. New Insights into Chronic Pancreatitis: Potential Mechanisms Related to Probiotics. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1760. [PMID: 39338435 PMCID: PMC11434092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibroinflammatory disorder with no currently satisfactory treatment. Emerging evidence suggests an association between gut microbial dysbiosis and chronic pancreatitis. Although direct causative evidence is lacking, it is hypothesized that the gut microbiota may play a pivotal role in modulating pancreatic function via the gut-pancreas axis. Thus, modulating the gut microbiota through the administration of probiotics or prebiotics may alleviate pancreatic disorders. In this review, we first propose the potential mechanisms by which specific probiotics or prebiotics may ameliorate chronic pancreatitis, including the alleviation of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), the facilitation of short-chain fatty acids' (SCFAs) production, and the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the pancreas. Since there are currently no probiotics or prebiotics used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, we discuss research in other disease models that have used probiotics or prebiotics to modulate pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions and prevent pancreatic fibrosis. This provides indirect evidence for their potential application in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. We anticipate that this research will stimulate further investigation into the gut-pancreas axis and the potential therapeutic value of probiotics and prebiotics in chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhengyang Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yonghao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laborotary of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Mathews R, Chu Y. An encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the effect of oats on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular risk, diabetes risk, body weight/adiposity and gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39137936 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The ability of oats to reduce blood cholesterol is well established but there is increasing evidence that its health benefits extend well beyond that. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the state of the science of oats in relation to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and diabetes risk and the effects of oats on blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, weight management and gut health from meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Limited epidemiological data indicated a possible beneficial effect of oats on all-cause mortality and incident diabetes when high versus low oat consumers were compared, but its effect on cardiovascular events was not adequately discerned. Observational data also showed an inverse association between oat intake and blood cholesterol, blood pressure, body weight and obesity variables in different populations. Randomized controlled oat intervention studies demonstrated a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, fasting blood glucose in diabetic subjects, blood pressure in prehypertensive individuals, and body weight and adiposity in overweight individuals. Increased fecal bulk was observed but clinical data for a potential gut barrier effect is lacking. The mechanism of action of each health effect was reviewed. While beta-glucan viscosity was once considered the only mode of action, it is evident that the fermentation products of beta-glucan and the associated gut microbial changes, as well as other components in oats (i.e., avenanthramides etc.) also play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YiFang Chu
- Nutrition Sciences, PepsiCo Global R&D, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Mi W, Hu Z, Zhao S, Wang W, Lian W, Lu P, Shi T. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins normalize the blood glucose concentration and restore the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31784. [PMID: 38845993 PMCID: PMC11153189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. Methods Sixty-five male mice were randomly divided into one control group and four experimental groups, which were fed with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM. The model mice were treated with 0 (M), 227.5 (LP), 455 (MP), or 910 (HP) mg/kg PSPA for ten days. ELISA, 16S rRNA sequencing, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to assess blood biochemical parameters, gut microbial composition, and liver tissue structure, respectively. Results The FBG concentration was significantly decreased in the LP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), MP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), and HP (5.65 ± 0.83 mmol/L) groups; the glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in the HP group (14.43 ± 7.12 pg/mL) compared with that in the M group (8.08 ± 1.04 mmol/L; 27.20 ± 7.72 pg/mL; P < 0.05). The PSPA treated groups also increased blood glutathione levels compared with M. PSPA significantly affected gut microbial diversity. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased by 38.9 %, 49.2 %, and 15.9 % in the LP, MP, and HP groups compared with that in the M group (0.62). The PSPAs treated groups showed an increased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_Clostridium, Butyricimonas, and Akkermansia and decreased abundance of nine bacterial genera, including Staphylococcus. Conclusion PSPA reduced blood glucose levels, increased serum antioxidant enzymes, and optimized the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in mice with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuying Zhao
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wu Lian
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tala Shi
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Pilecky M, Kainz MJ, Wassenaar LI. Evaluation of lipid extraction methods for fatty acid quantification and compound-specific δ 13C and δ 2H n analyses. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115455. [PMID: 38163617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipids, with fatty acids (FA) as a crucial subset, have become a focal point for diverse medical, physiological, and ecological studies. However, a comprehensive assessment of the various pre-analytical FA extraction methods published in the scientific literature remains lacking. In this study, we examined the efficacy of seven well-established sample preparation methods, specifically focusing on their effectiveness in total lipid and fatty acid extraction and their impact on compound-specific stable hydrogen (δ2H) and carbon (δ13C) isotope values. We also considered the repercussions of FA removal efficacy on residual bulk tissue δ2Hn analysis, because lipids typically have low δ2H values. Our findings showed that in most cases chloroform-based extraction methods outperformed those without chloroform. While discrepancies were not as evident for smaller organisms, such as plankton, marked variations were discernible in the extraction efficiencies for muscle and liver samples, which was also manifested in the residual bulk tissue δ2Hn results. Notably, most extraction methods had little effect on specific δ13C or δ2H isotope values of FA; instead, an emphasis should be on using an extraction method that achieves optimal baseline peak separation of the chromatograms for C and H isotope measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystems Research and -Health, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystems Research and -Health, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystems Research and -Health, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
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Savytska M, Kyriienko D, Komisarenko I, Kovalchuk O, Falalyeyeva T, Kobyliak N. Probiotic for Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:1915-1931. [PMID: 37713103 PMCID: PMC10570251 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many clinical studies have proved the effectiveness of probiotics in metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance. However, the impact of probiotic therapy on pancreatic β-cell function is ambiguous. The influence of probiotic supplementation vs. placebo on β-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed in a double-blind, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Sixty-eight patients with T2D were selected for participation in the RCT. Patients were randomly allocated to consumption of live multistrain probiotics or a placebo for 8 weeks, administered as a sachet formulation in double-blind treatment. The primary main outcome was the assessment of β-cell function as change in C-peptide and HOMA-β (homeostasis model assessment-estimated β-cell function), which was calculated using the HOMA2 calculator (Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford). Secondary outcomes were the changes in glycemic control-related parameters, anthropomorphic variables, and cytokines levels. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the difference between groups. RESULTS Supplementation with live multiprobiotic was associated with slight significant improvement of β-cell function (HOMA-β increased from 32.48 ± 13.12 to 45.71 ± 25.18; p = 0.003) and reduction of fasting glucose level (13.03 ± 3.46 vs 10.66 ± 2.63 mmol/L and 234.63 ± 62.36 vs 192.07 ± 47.46 mg/dL; p < 0.001) and HbA1c (8.86 ± 1.28 vs 8.48 ± 1.22; p = 0.043) as compared to placebo. Probiotic therapy significantly affects chronic systemic inflammation in people with T2D by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic therapies modestly improved β-cell function in patients with T2D. Modulating the gut microbiota represents a new diabetes treatment and should be tested in more extensive studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05765292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Savytska
- Normal Physiology Department, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iuliia Komisarenko
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Djuric Z. Dietary approaches for normalizing dysbiosis induced by high-fat, obesogenic diets. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:293-301. [PMID: 36942861 PMCID: PMC10079557 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the world-wide problem of obesity, this review considers what types of dietary changes can be utilized to minimize the adverse effects of an obesogenic diet on the intestinal microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS In rodents fed high-fat diets containing lard or Western blend fats to induce obesity, switching to high-fat diets formulated to contain higher amounts of fiber or fiber-containing foods, plant extracts, omega-3 fatty acids or whole grains has beneficial effects on body weight, metabolic alterations, and the intestinal microbiota. Several studies show that the intestinal microbiota has a role in mediating the beneficial health effects of these dietary factors. Many aspects of the microbiota observed in animals when healthful dietary components were added to the feed have also been observed in humans who follow healthful dietary patterns. SUMMARY The data shows that specific foods and macronutrients can normalize the obesity-associated microbiota and improve metabolic health. These findings support the design of dietary interventions that would allow individuals to focus on diet quality independently of weight loss to mitigate the adverse sequelae of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Departments of Family Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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