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Magwebu ZE, Mazinu M, Abdul-Rasool S, Chauke CG. The effect of hyperglycinemic treatment in captive-bred Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1467-1472. [PMID: 31230217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a neuro-metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycine cleavage system (GCS) and glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). A case of atypical late onset of NKH has been reported in a colony of captive-bred Vervet monkeys. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan in reducing glycine levels in hyperglycinemic monkeys. Twelve captive-bred Vervet monkeys were assigned into three groups consisting of four animals (control, valproate induced and cataract with spontaneous hyperglycinemia). Valproate was used to elevate glycine levels and the induced group was then treated with sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan together with group three to normalise glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Valproate induction elicited changes in phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and platelet count, however, no significant changes in the glycine levels were observed, and this might be due to the individual variability within the group. The treatment intervention was only obtained in the spontaneous group whereby the glycine levels were normalised in CSF and plasma. Therefore, it can be concluded that sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan treatment was effective and beneficial to the hyperglycinemic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandisiwe E Magwebu
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, P.O Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Mikateko Mazinu
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, P.O Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sahar Abdul-Rasool
- Medical Bioscience Department, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
| | - Chesa G Chauke
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, P.O Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Avoid mitochondrion-toxic antiepileptic drugs in glycine encephalopathy. Brain Dev 2018; 40:366. [PMID: 28882326 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
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Sasaki S, Futagi Y, Kobayashi M, Ogura J, Iseki K. Functional characterization of 5-oxoproline transport via SLC16A1/MCT1. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2303-11. [PMID: 25371203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is a tripeptide that consists of 5-oxoproline, histidine, and proline. The peptide is rapidly metabolized by various enzymes. 5-Oxoproline is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis in a variety of peptides. Previous studies showed that 5-oxoproline could become a possible biomarker for autism spectrum disorders. Here we demonstrate the involvement of SLC16A1 in the transport of 5-oxoproline. An SLC16A1 polymorphism (rs1049434) was recently identified. However, there is no information about the effect of the polymorphism on SLC16A1 function. In this study, the polymorphism caused an observable change in 5-oxoproline and lactate transport via SLC16A1. The Michaelis constant (Km) was increased in an SLC16A1 mutant compared with that in the wild type. In addition, the proton concentration required to produce half-maximal activation of transport activity (K0.5, H (+)) was increased in the SLC16A1 mutant compared with that in the wild type. Furthermore, we examined the transport of 5-oxoproline in T98G cells as an astrocyte cell model. Despite the fact that 5-oxoproline is an amino acid derivative, Na(+)-dependent and amino acid transport systems scarcely contributed to 5-oxoproline transport. Based on our findings, we conclude that H(+)-coupled 5-oxoproline transport is mediated solely by SLC16A1 in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sasaki
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yuya Futagi
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Jiro Ogura
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Ken Iseki
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 and the Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Blecharz-Klin K, Joniec-Maciejak I, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Wawer A, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Paracetamol impairs the profile of amino acids in the rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:95-102. [PMID: 24316461 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In our experiment we investigated the effect of subcutaneous administration of paracetamol on the levels of amino acids in the brain structures. Male Wistar rats received for eight weeks paracetamol at two doses: 10 mg/kg b.w. (group P10, n=9) and 50 mg/kg b.w. per day s.c. (group P50, n=9). The regional brain concentrations of amino acids were determined in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of control (Con, n=9) and paracetamol-treated groups using HPLC. Evaluation of the biochemical results indicated considerable decrease of the content of amino acids in the striatum (glutamine, glutamic acid, taurine, alanine, aspartic acid) and hypothalamus (glycine) between groups treated with paracetamol compared to the control. In the prefrontal cortex paracetamol increased the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The present study demonstrated significant effect of the long term paracetamol treatment on the level of amino acids in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
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