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Nemeth K, Bayraktar R, Ferracin M, Calin GA. Non-coding RNAs in disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:211-232. [PMID: 37968332 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that, by definition, are not translated into proteins. Since their discovery, ncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of multiple biological functions across a range of cell types and tissues, and their dysregulation has been implicated in disease. Notably, much research has focused on the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and human cancers, although other ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are also emerging as relevant contributors to human disease. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in cancer and other major human diseases, notably cardiovascular, neurological and infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers of disease and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nemeth
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Meccariello R, Bellenchi GC, Pulcrano S, D’Addario SL, Tafuri D, Mercuri NB, Guatteo E. Neuronal dysfunction and gene modulation by non-coding RNA in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1328269. [PMID: 38249528 PMCID: PMC10796818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1328269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular-RNA (circRNA) contribute to the molecular events underlying progressive neuronal degeneration, and a plethora of ncRNAs have been identified significantly misregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy. Although a direct link between neuropathology and causative candidates has not been clearly established in many cases, the contribution of ncRNAs to the molecular processes leading to cellular dysfunction observed in neurodegenerative diseases has been addressed, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Aim of the present Review is to overview and discuss recent literature focused on the role of RNA-based mechanisms involved in different aspects of neuronal pathology in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Luca D’Addario
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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3
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Tang L, Wang Y, Xiang J, Yang D, Zhang Y, Xiang Q, Li J. lncRNA and circRNA expression profiles in the hippocampus of Aβ 25‑35‑induced AD mice treated with Tripterygium glycoside. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:426. [PMID: 37602300 PMCID: PMC10433443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides (TG) have been reported to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the mechanism involved remains to be determined. In the present study, the lncRNA and circRNA expression profiles of an AD mouse model treated with TG were assessed using microarrays. lncRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs in the hippocampi of 3 AD+normal saline (NS) mice and 3 AD+TG mice were detected using microarrays. The most differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs were screened between the AD+NS and AD+TG groups. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs were analyzed using GO enrichment and KEGG analyses. Co-expression analysis of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs was performed by calculating the correlation coefficients. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed on mRNAs using STRING. The lncRNA-target-transcription factor (TF) network was analyzed using the Network software. In total, 661 lncRNAs, 64 circRNAs, and 503 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in AD mice treated with TG. Pou4f1, Egr2, Mag, and Nr4a1 were the hub genes in the PPI network. The KEGG results showed that the mRNAs that were co-expressed with lncRNAs were enriched in the TNF, PI3K-Akt, and Wnt signaling pathways. LncRNA-target-TF network analysis indicated that TFs, including Cebpa, Zic2, and Rxra, were the most likely to regulate the detected lncRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA interaction network indicated that 275 miRNAs may bind to the 64 circRNAs. In conclusion, these findings provide a novel perspective on AD pathogenesis, and the detected lncRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs may serve as novel therapeutic targets for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Biology, Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang 543000, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Biology, Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang 543000, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Ju Xiang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of The Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
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Theron D, Hopkins LN, Sutherland HG, Griffiths LR, Fernandez F. Can Genetic Markers Predict the Sporadic Form of Alzheimer's Disease? An Updated Review on Genetic Peripheral Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13480. [PMID: 37686283 PMCID: PMC10488021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although the research over the last decades has provided new insight into AD pathophysiology, there is currently no cure for the disease. AD is often only diagnosed once the symptoms have become prominent, particularly in the late-onset (sporadic) form of AD. Consequently, it is essential to further new avenues for early diagnosis. With recent advances in genomic analysis and a lower cost of use, the exploration of genetic markers alongside RNA molecules can offer a key avenue for early diagnosis. We have here provided a brief overview of potential genetic markers differentially expressed in peripheral tissues in AD cases compared to controls, as well as considering the changes to the dynamics of RNA molecules. By integrating both genotype and RNA changes reported in AD, biomarker profiling can be key for developing reliable AD diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelda Theron
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Lloyd N. Hopkins
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Heidi G. Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
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5
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Urdánoz-Casado A, Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa J, Robles M, Roldan M, Macías Conde M, Acha B, Blanco-Luquin I, Mendioroz M. circRNA from APP Gene Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Human Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054308. [PMID: 36901741 PMCID: PMC10002054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor of Aβ peptides, and its role in AD has been widely investigated. Recently, it has been reported that a circular RNA (circRNA) originated from APP gene can serve as a template for Aβ synthesis, postulating it as an alternative pathway for the Aβ biogenesis. Moreover, circRNAs play important roles in brain development and in neurological diseases. Therefore, our aim was to study the expression of a circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and its linear cognate in AD human entorhinal cortex, a brain region most vulnerable to AD pathology. First, we confirmed the presence of circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in human entorhinal cortex samples using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of PCR products. Next, a 0.49-fold decrease in circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) levels was observed in entorhinal cortex of AD cases compared to controls (p-value < 0.05) by qPCR. In contrast, APP mRNA expression did not show changes in the entorhinal cortex between AD cases and controls (Fold-change = 1.06; p-value = 0.81). A negative correlation was found between Aβ deposits and circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and APP expression levels (Rho Spearman = -0.56, p-value < 0.001 and Rho Spearman = -0.44, p-values < 0.001, respectively). Finally, by using bioinformatics tools, 17 miRNAs were predicted to bind circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556), and the functional analysis predicted that they were involved in some pathways, such as the Wnt-signaling pathway (p = 3.32 × 10-6). Long-term potentiation (p = 2.86 × 10-5), among others, is known to be altered in AD. To sum up, we show that circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) is deregulated in the entorhinal cortex of AD patients. These results add to the notion that circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) could be playing a role in the pathogenesis of AD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Maitane Robles
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Miren Roldan
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Mónica Macías Conde
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Blanca Acha
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-848422677
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6
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Yu X, Liu H, Chang N, Fu W, Guo Z, Wang Y. Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1097878. [PMID: 36816112 PMCID: PMC9932922 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of covalently closed endogenous single-stranded RNA, have been regarded as the byproducts of the aberrant splicing of genes without any biological functions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, thousands of circRNAs and their differential biological functions have been identified. Except for the great advances in identifying circRNA roles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment, accumulated evidence shows that circRNAs are enriched in the brain, especially in the synapse, and dynamically change with the development or aging of organisms. Because of the specific roles of synapses in higher-order cognitive functions, circRNAs may not only participate in cognitive functions in normal physiological conditions but also lead to cognition-related diseases after abnormal regulation of their expression or location. Thus, in this review, we summarized the progress of studies looking at the role of circRNA in cognitive function, as well as their involvement in the occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment of cognitive-related diseases, including autism, depression, and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Fu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwen Guo
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yue Wang,
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7
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Wu DP, Zhao YD, Yan QQ, Liu LL, Wei YS, Huang JL. Circular RNAs: emerging players in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Pathol 2023; 259:1-9. [PMID: 36264226 DOI: 10.1002/path.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of conserved RNAs with covalently closed continuous loops. Emerging evidence has shown that circRNAs are implicated in the biology of brain aging and the pathology of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize current studies on circRNAs associated with brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases by discussing their expression features, pathophysiological roles, and mechanisms of action. We also discuss the potential challenges of circRNA-based therapy against brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. The review provides insights into current progress in the functions of circRNAs in the process of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan-Dan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiu-Qing Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan-Su Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin-Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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8
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Piscopo P, Manzini V, Rivabene R, Crestini A, Le Pera L, Pizzi E, Veroni C, Talarico G, Peconi M, Castellano AE, D’Alessio C, Bruno G, Corbo M, Vanacore N, Lacorte E. A Plasma Circular RNA Profile Differentiates Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113232. [PMID: 36362022 PMCID: PMC9658433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently used biomarkers to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are Aβ42, total-Tau, and phospho-tau protein levels in CSF. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess hippocampal atrophy, 18F-FDG PET to identify abnormal brain metabolism, and PET imaging for amyloid deposition. These tests are rather complex and invasive and not easily applicable to clinical practice. Circulating non-coding RNAs, which are inherently stable and easy to manage, have been reported as promising biomarkers for central nervous system conditions. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a novel class of ncRNAs have gained attention. We carried out a pilot study on five participants with AD and five healthy controls (HC) investigating circRNAs by Arraystar Human Circular RNA Microarray V2.0. Among them, 26 circRNAs were differentially expressed (FC ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05) in participants with AD compared to HC. From a top 10 of differentially expressed circRNAs, a validation study was carried out on four up-regulated (hsa_circRNA_050263, hsa_circRNA_403959, hsa_circRNA_003022, hsa_circRNA_100837) and two down-regulated (hsa_circRNA_102049, hsa_circRNA_102619) circRNAs in a larger population. Moreover, five subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were investigated. The analysis confirmed the upregulation of hsa_circRNA_050263, hsa_circRNA_403959, and hsa_circRNA_003022 both in subjects with AD and in MCI compared to HCs. We also investigated all microRNAs potentially interacting with the studied circRNAs. The GO enrichment analysis shows they are involved in the development of the nervous system, and in the cellular response to nerve growth factor stimuli, protein phosphorylation, apoptotic processes, and inflammation pathways, all of which are processes related to the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Manzini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Roberto Rivabene
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzi
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Caterina Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Martina Peconi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo D’Alessio
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lacorte
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, RM, Italy
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He L, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Lu M. A crosstalk between circular RNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA in the development of various brain cognitive disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:960657. [PMID: 36329693 PMCID: PMC9622787 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.960657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (POND) are commonly faced with neurocognitive disorders with limited therapeutic options. Some non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are involved in the development of various brain cognitive disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a typical group of ncRNAs, can function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to dysregulate shared microRNAs (miRNAs) at post-transcription level, inhibiting regulation of miRNAs on their targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). circRNAs are abundant in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and cause brain disorders, but the exact roles of circRNAs are unclear. The crosstalk between circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these neurocognitive dysfunction diseases and abnormal conditions including AD, PD, stroke, TBI, and POND. In this review, we summarized the participation of circRNA in neuroglial damage and inflammation. Finally, we aimed to highlight the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks in the development of various brain cognitive disorders and provide new insights into the therapeutics of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Liang He
| | - Furong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Meilin Lu
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Ren Z, Chu C, Pang Y, Cai H, Jia L. A circular RNA blood panel that differentiates Alzheimer's disease from other dementia types. Biomark Res 2022; 10:63. [PMID: 35982472 PMCID: PMC9389828 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we conducted a study to explore whether circRNAs have the ability to differentiate AD from cognitively normal controls and other types of dementia, such as vascular dementia (VaD), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). Methods Three datasets were included in this study to measure blood circRNAs. The pilot study (Dataset 1, n = 40; controls, 20; AD, 20) was used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs. Dataset 2 (n = 124; controls, 61; AD, 63) was recruited for the establishment of the diagnostic model using a circRNA panel. Further, the Dataset 3 (n = 321; control, 58; AD, 60; VaD, 50; PDD, 51; bvFTD, 52; DLB, 50) was used to verify the diagnostic model. Results In Dataset 1, 22 upregulated and 19 downregulated circRNAs were revealed. In Dataset 2, a six-circRNA panel was found to be able to distinguish patients with AD from controls. Then this panel was applied to Dataset 3 and successfully differentiated AD from other types of dementia. Conclusion This study suggested that a six-circRNA panel is AD-specific and a promising biomarker of AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-022-00405-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Ren
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, China
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, China.
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11
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Moayedi K, Orandi S, Ebrahimi R, Tanhapour M, Moradi M, Abbastabar M, Golestani A. A novel approach to type 3 diabetes mechanism: The interplay between noncoding RNAs and insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2838-2861. [PMID: 35580144 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, growing evidence indicates that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, AD as one of the main causes of dementia in people aged more than 65 years can be aggravated by insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic risk factors related to T2D which are also linked to the function of the brain. Remarkably, a new term called "type 3 diabetes" has been suggested for those people who are diagnosed with AD while also showing the symptoms of IR and T2D. In this regard, the role of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with AD has been confirmed by many studies. On the other hand, it should be noted that the insulin signaling pathway is highly regulated by various mechanisms, including epigenetic factors. Among these, the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs has been comprehensively studied with respect to the pathology of AD and the most well-known underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, the number of studies exploring the association between ncRNAs and the downstream targets of the insulin signaling pathway in the development of AD has notably increased in recent years. With this in view, the present study aimed to review the interplay between different ncRNAs and the insulin signaling pathway targets in the pathogenesis of AD to find a new approach in the field of combining biomarkers or therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Moayedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Orandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tanhapour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Moradi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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He S, Dou L, Li X, Zhang Y. Review of bioinformatics in Azheimer's Disease Research. Comput Biol Med 2022; 143:105269. [PMID: 35158118 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with slow course of onset and deterioration with time. With the speedup of global aging, AD has become a disease that seriously threatens the physical health of the elderly; therefore, the effective prevention and treatments of AD is an extremely important area of study for researchers and clinicians. Rapid technological developments have promoted the analysis of various kinds of complex data sets using machine learning methods. The common machine learning algorithms, such as Lasso, SVM and Random Forest, are very important in AD research. To help accelerate AD-related research, we review some recent research progress on Alzheimer's disease, including database, image analysis, gene expression, etc., which can provide AD researchers with more comprehensive research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida He
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lijun Dou
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuehong Li
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated To Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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13
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Insights into the multifaceted role of circular RNAs: implications for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35013342 PMCID: PMC8748951 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease whose etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations remain incompletely understood. As a result, care focuses primarily on symptoms relief. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of mostly noncoding RNAs that accumulate with aging in the brain and are increasingly shown to regulate all aspects of neuronal and glial development and function. They are generated by the spliceosome through the backsplicing of linear RNA. Although their biological role remains largely unknown, they have been shown to regulate transcription and splicing, act as decoys for microRNAs and RNA binding proteins, used as templates for translation, and serve as scaffolding platforms for signaling components. Considering that they are stable, diverse, and detectable in easily accessible biofluids, they are deemed promising biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. CircRNAs are differentially expressed in the brain of patients with PD, and growing evidence suggests that they regulate PD pathogenetic processes. Here, the biogenesis, expression, degradation, and detection of circRNAs, as well as their proposed functions, are reviewed. Thereafter, research linking circRNAs to PD-related processes, including aging, alpha-synuclein dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress is highlighted, followed by recent evidence for their use as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for PD.
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Ullah R, Park TJ, Huang X, Kim MO. Abnormal amyloid beta metabolism in systemic abnormalities and Alzheimer's pathology: Insights and therapeutic approaches from periphery. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101451. [PMID: 34450351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is incurable. Despite recent success in treatments that partially improve symptomatic relief, they have failed in most clinical trials. Re-holding AD for accurate diagnosis and treatment is widely known as a challenging task. Lack of knowledge of basic molecular pathogenesis might be a possible reason for ineffective AD treatment. Historically, a majority of therapy-based studies have investigated the role of amyloid-β (Aβ peptide) in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas less is known about Aβ peptide in the periphery in AD. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of Aβ peptide metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) in the brain and periphery. We show that the abnormal metabolism of Aβ peptide is significantly linked with central-brain and peripheral abnormalities; the interaction between peripheral Aβ peptide metabolism and peripheral abnormalities affects central-brain Aβ peptide metabolism, suggesting the existence of significant communication between these two pathways of Aβ peptide metabolism. This close interaction between the central brain and periphery in abnormal Aβ peptide metabolism plays a key role in the development and progression of AD. In conclusion, we need to obtain a full understanding of the dynamic roles of Aβ peptide at the molecular level in both the brain and periphery in relation to the pathology of AD. This will not only provide new information regarding the complex disease pathology, but also offer potential new clues to improve therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for the successful treatment of AD.
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15
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Analysis of Changes of Intestinal Flora in Elderly Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Liver Cancer and Its Correlation with Abnormal Gastrointestinal Motility. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7517379. [PMID: 34422052 PMCID: PMC8378974 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7517379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes of intestinal flora in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer and its correlation with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Methods From January 2018 to December 2020, 102 elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer were selected as the observation group. Eighty-nine healthy patients during the same period were selected as the control group. The two groups of intestinal flora (intestinal microbial diversity) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing. The two groups of serum motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) levels were measured by the Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer 7600. Pearson correlation analysis software was used to analyze the relationship between changes in the intestinal flora and gastrointestinal motility in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer. Results The contents of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the contents of Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Streptococcus were higher than those in the control group. The Chaol index and Shannon index in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The gastrointestinal motility levels MTL and GAS of the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Chaol index and Shannon index of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer were positively correlated with MTL and GAS. Conclusion Elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer often have changes in the intestinal flora, which are correlated with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Strengthening the analysis of changes in patients' intestinal flora can enhance clinical medication knowledge and improve gastrointestinal motility in patients.
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16
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Zhang M, Bian Z. The Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691512. [PMID: 34322012 PMCID: PMC8311738 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) commonly found in elderly patients that are difficult to diagnose and lack effective treatment. Currently, the available diagnostic methods for these two NDDs do not meet clinical diagnostic expectations. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a diverse group of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) found in eukaryotic cells. Emerging studies suggest that altered expression of circRNAs is involved in the pathological processes of NDDs. CircRNAs could also prove to be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NDDs such as AD and PD. Growing evidence has improved our knowledge of the roles of circRNAs in NDDs, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches that target transcription for preventing neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe the formation mechanisms and functions of circRNAs as well as methods of validation. We also discuss the emerging role of circRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and PD and their potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhigang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Verduci L, Tarcitano E, Strano S, Yarden Y, Blandino G. CircRNAs: role in human diseases and potential use as biomarkers. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:468. [PMID: 33976116 PMCID: PMC8113373 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous RNAs characterized by a covalent loop structure. In comparison to other types of RNAs, the abundance of circRNAs is relatively low but due to the circular configuration, their stability is very high. In addition, circRNAs display high degree of tissue specificity. The sponging activity of circRNAs toward microRNAs is the best-described mode of action of circRNAs. However, the ability of circRNAs to bind with specific proteins, as well as to encode short proteins, propose alternative functions. This review introduces the biogenesis of circRNAs and summarizes the roles played by circRNAs in human diseases. These include examples of their functional roles in several organ-specific cancers, such as head and neck and breast and lung cancers. In addition, we review potential functions of circRNAs in diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated involvement of circRNAs in a wide spectrum of signaling molecular pathways, but at the same time many different and controversial views on circRNAs role and function are emerging. We conclude by offering cellular homeostasis generated by networks comprising circular RNAs, other non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Accordingly, it is predictable that circRNAs, due to their highly stable nature and remarkable tissue specificity, will emerge as reliable biomarkers of disease course and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Verduci
- Unit of Oncogenomic and Epigenetic, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Tarcitano
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sabrina Strano
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Unit of Oncogenomic and Epigenetic, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Ma W, Xue N, Zhang J, Wang D, Yao X, Lin L, Xu Q. circUBAP2 regulates osteosarcoma progression via the miR‑204‑3p/HMGA2 axis. Int J Oncol 2021; 58:298-311. [PMID: 33650644 PMCID: PMC7864148 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA/circ)-ubiquitin associated protein 2 (UBAP2), a newly recognized circRNA, serves a functional role in several types of tumor, including ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma. However, the precise roles and molecular mechanism under-lying circUBAP2 in osteosarcoma (OS) are not completely understood. In the present study, the expression levels of circUBAP2, microRNA (miR)-204-3p and (HMGA2) were evaluated via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in OS tissues and cells. OS cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. HMGA2 protein expression levels were determined via western blot-ting. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the interaction between circUBAP2 and miR-204-3p, and between miR-204-3p and HMGA2. An RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to confirm the interaction between circUBAP2 and miR-204-3p. The results demonstrated that circUBAP2 expression was significantly upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines compared with para-cancerous tissues and hFOB1.19 cells, respectively. In addition, high circUBAP2 expression levels in patients with OS were associated with a lower survival rate compared with lower expression levels in patients with OS. The functional assays revealed that circUBAP2 knockdown significantly inhibited OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but increased OS cell apoptosis compared with the small interfering RNA-negative control (si-NC) group. The dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assay results confirmed that circUBAP2 bound to miR-204-3p. Moreover, miR-204-3p expression was significantly downregulated in OS tissues compared with paracancerous tissues, and miR-204-3p expression was negatively correlated with circUBAP2 expression in OS tissues. Collectively, the results demonstrated that miR-204-3p was associated with circUBAP2 knockdown-mediated inhibition of OS cell malignant behavior. Moreover, miR-204-3p was also identified as one of the direct targets of HMGA2. Collectively, the results indicated that compared with the si-NC group, circUBAP2 knockdown significantly inhibited OS cell malignant behavior by binding to miR-204-3p, which subsequently regulated HMGA2 expression. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that circUBAP2 expression was upregulated in OS, and circUBAP2 regulated OS cell malignant behavior via the miR-204-3p/HMGA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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Wei G, Zhu J, Hu HB, Liu JQ. Circular RNAs: Promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Gene 2020; 771:145365. [PMID: 33346098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a group of non-coding RNA characterized by the presence of covalent bonds linking 3' and 5' ends, act as miRNA sponges to participate in the tumorigenesis. Being stable, conserved and cell- or tissue-specific, circRNAs have shown their potentials as molecular markers for cancer. Convenient and noninvasive approaches may be developed based on the roles of circRNAs to diagnose or predict the prognosis of tumors. Although most of the potential mechanisms are not entirely clear, circRNAs have shown a universal and critical role in regulating cellular processes of cancers. This review summarized the classification, formation, characteristics, detection, and biological functions of circRNAs. We proposed the possibility of using circRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Sparkfire Scientific Research Group, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Sparkfire Scientific Research Group, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Jia-Qiang Liu
- Department of Oral and CranioMaxillofacial, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Competing Endogenous RNA Networks as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249582. [PMID: 33339180 PMCID: PMC7765627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases.
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