Genetic polymorphisms in lncRNAs predict recurrence of ischemic stroke

Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke: from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. Accurate predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined. With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis, many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models. Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes, leading to neuroprotection or deterioration, thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. In particular, ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs (microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs) in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke-induced brain damage, as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

MEG3 polymorphisms associated with leukocyte telomere length in workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been revealed to be involved in telomere length (TL) maintenance and homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MEG3 could regulate TL in populations exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to explore the effect of MEG3 genetic polymorphisms on TL in PAH-exposed populations. This study recruited 544 coke oven workers and 238 controls using random cluster sampling. The concentrations of four urinary OH-PAHs were measured by employing high-performance liquid chromatography. TL was measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The MEG3 genetic polymorphisms were detected using a Sequenom MassARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry platform. The concentrations of four urinary OH-PAHs in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). TL in the exposure group (4.57 ± 0.84) was significantly lower than in the control (5.00 ± 0.75), and TL had a negative correlation with OH-PAHs. The generalized linear model found that PAH exposure [β(95% CI) = -0.409(-0.537, -0.282), P < 0.001] and the CT+TT genotype in MEG3 rs10132552 [β(95% CI) = -0.299(-0.582, -0.017), P = 0.038] were associated with the decreased TL. In conclusion, PAH exposure and the CT+TT genotype in MEG3 rs10132552 may be the risk factors for TL reduction.

Novel genetic variants in long non-coding RNA MEG3 are associated with the risk of asthma

Background

Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory airway disease worldwide. Asthma is a complex disease whose exact etiologic mechanisms remain elusive; however, it is increasingly evident that genetic factors play essential roles in the development of asthma. The purpose of this study is to identify novel genetic susceptibility loci for asthma in Taiwanese. We selected a well-studied long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), MEG3, which is involved in multiple cellular functions and whose expression has been associated with asthma. We hypothesize that genetic variants in MEG3 may influence the risk of asthma.

Methods

We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MEG3, rs7158663, rs3087918, rs11160608, and rs4081134, in 198 patients with asthma and 453 healthy controls and measured serum MEG3 expression level in a subset of controls.

Results

The variant AG and AA genotypes of MEG3 rs7158663 were significantly over-represented in the patients compared to the controls (P = 0.0024). In logistic regression analyses, compared with the wild-type GG genotype, the heterozygous variant genotype (AG) was associated with a 1.62-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) [1.18-2.32], P = 0.0093] increased risk and the homozygous variant genotype (AA) conferred a 2.68-fold (95% CI [1.52-4.83], P = 0.003) increased risk of asthma. The allelic test showed the A allele was associated with a 1.63-fold increased risk of asthma (95% CI [1.25-2.07], P = 0.0004). The AG plus AA genotypes were also associated with severe symptoms (P = 0.0148). Furthermore, the AG and AA genotype carriers had lower serum MEG3 expression level than the GG genotype carriers, consistent with the reported downregulation of MEG3 in asthma patients.

Conclusion

MEG3 SNP rs7158663 is a genetic susceptibility locus for asthma in Taiwanese. Individuals carrying the variant genotypes have lower serum MEG3 level and are at increased risks of asthma and severe symptoms.

The Mechanism Underlying the Regulation of Long Non-coding RNA MEG3 in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and rapidly increasing annually with no more effective therapeutic measures. Thus, the novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgent to be identified for prevention and therapy of ischemic stroke. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a major family of noncoding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides, have been considered as new targets for modulating pathological process of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized that the lncRNA-maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) played a critical role in promotion of neuronal cell death and inhibition of angiogenesis in response to hypoxia or ischemia condition, and further described the challenge of overcrossing blood-brain barrier (BBB) and determination of optimal carrier for delivering lncRNA' drugs into the specific brain regions. In brief, MEG3 will be a potential diagnostic biomarker and drug target in treatment and therapy of ischemic stroke in the future.

The multifaceted actions of the lncRNA H19 in cardiovascular biology and diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and debility worldwide. Various molecular mechanisms have been studied to better understand the development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies with hope to eradicate these diseases. With the advancement of the sequencing technology, it is revealed that the majority of our genome is non-coding. A growing body of literature demonstrates the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. LncRNAs can regulate cellular biological processes through various distinct molecular mechanisms. The abundance of lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system indicates their significance in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. LncRNA H19, in particular, is a highly evolutionarily conserved lncRNA that is enriched in cardiac and vascular tissue, underlining its importance in maintaining homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the versatile function of H19 in various types of cardiovascular diseases. We highlight the current literature on H19 in the cardiovascular system and demonstrate how dysregulation of H19 induces the development of cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Prediction of Ischemic Stroke Recurrence Based on COX Proportional Risk Regression Model and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Patient Intensive Care Interventions

With the continuous improvement of medical technology and the aging of the population, the death rate of stroke is gradually decreasing, but the recurrence rate is still high, and the number of recurrences is increasing, resulting in disability and other symptoms, which brings great burden and distress to patients and their families. As the number of strokes increases, neurological impairment becomes more and more severe, affecting patients' ability to live, socialize, and work, and seriously reducing their quality of life. Clustered care is a combination of evidence-based linked interventions and a multidisciplinary team providing the best possible care through evidence-based research and highly operational practice, and it can improve outcomes for ischemic stroke patients more than implementation alone. This paper presents a Cox proportional risk regression-based model, using it to build the most used semi-parametric model for multifactorial survival analysis, due to its advantages of both parametric and nonparametric models, and to analyze the factors influencing survival time in study subjects with incomplete data. The proposed strategy has been found to be useful in predicting ischemic stroke recurrence and cluster care interventions for patients.