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Katchborian-Neto A, Santos MFC, Vilas-Boas DF, Dos Santos EG, Veloso MP, Bueno PCP, Caldas IS, Soares MG, Dias DF, Chagas-Paula DA. Immunological Modulation and Control of Parasitaemia by Ayahuasca Compounds: Therapeutic Potential for Chagas's Disease. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200409. [PMID: 36163588 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive and psychedelic decoct composed mainly of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis plant species. The beverage is rich in alkaloids and it is ritualistically used by several indigenous communities of South America as a natural medicine. There are also reports in the literature indicating the prophylaxis potential of Ayahuasca alkaloids against internal parasites. In the present study, Ayahuasca exhibited moderate in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (IC50 95.78 μg/mL) compared to the reference drug benznidazole (IC50 2.03 μg/mL). The β-carboline alkaloid harmine (HRE), isolated from B. caapi, was considered active against the trypomastigotes forms (IC50 6.37), and the tryptamine N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), isolated from P. viridis was also moderately active with IC50 of 21.02 μg/mL. Regarding the in vivo evaluations, no collateral effects were observed. The HRE alone demonstrated the highest trypanocidal activity in a dose-responsive manner (10 and 100 mg/kg). The Ayahuasca and the association between HRE and DMT worsened the parasitaemia, suggesting a modulation of the immunological response during the T. cruzi infection, especially by increasing total Immunoglobulin (IgG) and IgG1 antibody levels. The in silico molecular docking revealed HRE binding with low energy at two sites of the Trypanothione reductase enzyme (TR), which are absent in humans, and thus considered a promissory target for drug discovery. In conclusion, Ayahuasca compounds seem to not be toxic at the concentrations of the in vivo evaluations and can promote trypanocidal effect in multi targets, including control of parasitaemia, immunological modulation and TR enzymatic inhibition, which might benefit the treatments of patients with Chagas' disease. Moreover, the present study also provides scientific information to support the prophylactic potential of Ayahuasca against internal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Katchborian-Neto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Ferreira Conceição Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diego Fernandes Vilas-Boas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Basic Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37131-000, Brazil
| | - Elda Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Basic Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37131-000, Brazil
| | - Márcia Paranho Veloso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Basic Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37131-000, Brazil
| | - Marisi Gomes Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ferreira Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Paulino M, Espinosa-Bustos C, Bertrand J, Cabezas D, Mella J, Dávila B, Cerecetto H, Ballesteros-Casallas A, Salas CO. Development of 3D-QSAR and pharmacophoric models to design new anti- Trypanosoma cruzi agents based on 2-aryloxynaphthoquinone scaffold. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:701-728. [PMID: 36106834 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2120069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work we have collected a set of 30 trypanosomicidal naphthoquinones and developed pharmacophoric and 3D-QSAR models as tools for the design of new potential anti-Chagasic compounds. Firstly, qualitative information was obtained from SAR and pharmacophoric models identifying some fragments around the 2-aryloxynaphthoquinone scaffold important for the antiparasitic activity. Then, 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. The models showed adequate statistical parameters where the steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic features explain the trypanosomicidal effect. Therefore, to validate our models, we carried out the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation on T. cruzi epimastigotes of five new compounds (33a-e). According to CoMFA model, three out of five compounds showed pIC50 values within one logarithmic unit of deviation. The two compounds that did not fit the predictions were those with high lipophilicity, which agreed with the SAR and pharmacophore models. Docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed on T. cruzi trypanothione reductase, in a proposed binding site for this type of naphthoquinone. Interestingly, 33a-e showed the same interaction pattern as a naphthoquinone inhibitor (2). Finally, predicted drug-likeness properties indicated that 33a-e have optimal oral bioavailability. Thus, this study provides new in silico models for obtaining novel trypanosomicidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paulino
- Área Bioinformática, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Bertrand
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B Dávila
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Ballesteros-Casallas
- Área Bioinformática, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Coro-Bermello J, López-Rodríguez ER, Alfonso-Ramos JE, Alonso D, Ojeda-Carralero GM, Prado GA, Moreno-Castillo E. Identification of novel thiadiazin derivatives as potentially selective inhibitors towards trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi by molecular docking using the numerical index poses ratio Pr and the binding mode analysis. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chagas disease is a serious health problem in Central and South America for which effective treatment is not currently available. This illness is caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, a species that relies on a thiol-based metabolism to regulate oxidative stress. Trypanothione reductase enzyme plays a central role in the metabolic pathway of the parasite. In this work, a virtual screening of a library of novel thiadiazine derivatives against trypanothione reductase using molecular docking was performed. Four different series of hybrid ligands having in the structure one or two peptoid moieties (series I and II) or the tetrazole ring (series III and IV) were considered. An ad hoc numerical index called poses ratio was introduced to interpret the results of the docking analysis and to establish relevant structure-interaction relationships. In addition, six binding modes were found for the ligands with the highest populated conformational clusters after applying contact-based analysis. The most regular and relevant were binding modes I and II, found mainly for ligands from series I. A subsequent molecular docking on human glutathione reductase enzyme allowed to assess the possible cytotoxicity of the ligands towards human cells. A selective binding profile was found for ligands with interactions in the Hydrophobic cleft, the spermidine and the Z subsites inside the active site of trypanothione reductase. At the end of the study, new thiadiazine-based compounds were identified as plausible candidates to selectively inhibit the parasitic enzyme.
Graphic abstract
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