Design, synthesis, graph theoretical analysis and molecular modelling studies of novel substituted quinoline analogues as promising anti-breast cancer agents

Docking, Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2(1H)-quinolone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents

BACKGROUND

The estimated number of cancer cases in India for the year 2022 was found to be 14,61,427. The development of chemotherapeutic agents has reduced the mortality rate, however, they have high toxicity which is a disadvantage. Many researchers have found out that quinolin-2- one possesses anticancer activity, with this background we thought of synthesizing the quinolin-2-one derivatives.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to carry out docking, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of 2-(2- (4-Hydroxy-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl/ substituted phenyl)-3-(phenylamino) thiazolidon-4-one derivatives (IVa-g) as an anticancer agent.

METHOD

Diphenylamine and malonic acid treated with phosphoryl chloride gave compound I, which on formylation afforded compound II, which on reaction with various substituted aromatic phenylhydrazine derivatives gave compounds IIIa-g, which on further reaction with thioglycolic acid and anhydrous zinc chloride yielded the compounds IVa-g.

RESULT

Among all the synthesized novel derivatives, compounds IV a-d showed 50% lysis in the IC50 range of 25-50μg for the A549 cell line, and compounds IVa, and IVb showed 50% lysis in the IC50 range of 25-50μg for the MDA-MB cell line. The compound, 3-((4-fluorophenyl)amino)-2-(2-(4- hydroxy-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (IVg) was found to be the most active against both the cell line, A549 and MDA-MB with IC50 value of 0.0298μmol and 0.0338μmol respectively. The docking results revealed that the synthesized compounds exhibited well-conserved hydrogen bonding with one or more amino acid residues in the active pocket of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain with 4-anilinoquinazoline inhibitor erlotinib (PDB ID:1M17). Compound IVg showed the highest MolDock score of -137.813 compared to the standard drug Imatinib having a MolDock score of -119.354.

CONCLUSION

Compound IVg showed the highest MolDock score and was also found to be most potent against both the cell line, A549, and MDA-MB.

Design, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Evaluation of Substituted Quinolin-2-one Derivatives as Possible Anti-lung Cancer Agents

BACKGROUND

According to 2022, the estimated number of cancer cases in India was found to be 1,461,427. Lung cancers are the leading cause of death among Indian males. Research on cancer has been conducted to develop better treatments that are safe and effective and could be used to diagnose cancer at an early stage. It was found that quinolin-2-one possesses anticancer activity, which led us to synthesize substituted quinolin-2-one derivatives that can provide a longer future to cancer patients and decrease the risk of dying from cancer.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to carry out the design, synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of novel substituted quinolin-2-one analogues as possible anti-lung cancer agents.

METHODS

Compound III a/III b on reaction with acids, sodium acetate and ethylchloroacetate, substituted benzaldehyde, phthalic anhydride, and 2N sodium hydroxide yielded compounds IV a/ IV b, V a/ V b, VI a/ VI b, VI c/ VI d, VI e/ VI f, VII a/ VII b, and VIII a/ VIII b, respectively.

RESULT

Among all the synthesised derivatives, compound VII a was found to be most potent with a MolDock score of -132.78 as compared to standard drug imatinib (-114.37) and active ligand 4- anilinoquinazoline (-126.71). All the synthesized derivatives showed a good ADME profile, but compound VII a showed the best ADME data among all the synthesised derivatives. All the synthesised compounds were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against the Hop-62 (human lung cancer) cell line, out of which compound VII a was found to be most potent, with a percent control growth of -51.7% at a concentration of 80 μg/ml, which was in comparable to the positive control, Adriamycin (-70.5%) and standard imatinib (-84.0%).

CONCLUSION

Compound VII a showed the highest MolDock score and was most potent against human lung cancer cell line Hop-62.

An In Silico Molecular Modelling-Based Prediction of Potential Keap1 Inhibitors from Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. against Oxidative-Stress-Induced Diseases

The present study investigated the antioxidant potential of aqueous methanolic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., followed by a pharmacoinformatics-based screening of novel Keap1 protein inhibitors. Initially, the antioxidant potential of this plant extract was assessed via antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP). Furthermore, 69 phytocompounds in total were derived from this plant using the IMPPAT database, and their three-dimensional structures were obtained from the PubChem database. The chosen 69 phytocompounds were docked against the Kelch-Neh2 complex protein (PDB entry ID: 2flu, resolution 1.50 Å) along with the standard drug (CPUY192018). H. indicus (L.) R.Br. extract (100 µg × mL-1) showed 85 ± 2.917%, 78.783 ± 0.24% of DPPH, ABTS radicals scavenging activity, and 161 ± 4 μg × mol (Fe (II)) g-1 ferric ion reducing power. The three top-scored hits, namely Hemidescine (-11.30 Kcal × mol-1), Beta-Amyrin (-10.00 Kcal × mol-1), and Quercetin (-9.80 Kcal × mol-1), were selected based on their binding affinities. MD simulation studies showed that all the protein-ligand complexes (Keap1-HEM, Keap1-BET, and Keap1-QUE) were highly stable during the entire simulation period, compared with the standard CPUY192018-Keap1 complex. Based on these findings, the three top-scored phytocompounds may be used as significant and safe Keap1 inhibitors, and could potentially be used for the treatment of oxidative-stress-induced health complications.