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Isaacowitz DM, Freund AM, Mayr U, Rothermund K, Tobler PN. Age-Related Changes in the Role of Social Motivation: Implications for Healthy Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S115-S124. [PMID: 33881524 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research has established the importance of social relations and social embeddedness for motivation in healthy aging. Thus, social orientation appears to be essential for understanding healthy aging. This article focuses particularly on age-related changes in goals concerning social orientation, such as increased prioritization of emotional goals, increased prosociality/altruistic motives, generativity, and ego transcendence. We then consider open questions regarding gaps in the links between goals related to social orientation and healthy aging, as well as the implications of theories and research on social goals for leveraging motivation to promote healthy aging. In particular, interventions to promote healthy behavior in late life may be most effective when they match the themes of older adults' strivings to find meaning and purpose in their personal goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra M Freund
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Philippe N Tobler
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Schüler J, Baumann N, Chasiotis A, Bender M, Baum I. Implicit motives and basic psychological needs. J Pers 2018; 87:37-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schüler
- Department of Sports Science, Sport Psychology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Nicola Baumann
- Department I - Psychology; University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | | | - Michael Bender
- Department of Social Psychology; Tilburg University; Tilburg Netherlands
- School of Psychology; Gratia Christian College; Shek Kip Mei Hong Kong
| | - Ingrid Baum
- Department I - Psychology; University of Trier; Trier Germany
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Slabbinck H, van Witteloostuijn A, Hermans J, Vanderstraeten J, Dejardin M, Brassey J, Ramdani D. The added value of implicit motives for management research Development and first validation of a Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) for the measurement of implicit motives. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198094. [PMID: 29924809 PMCID: PMC6010206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Management (sub-)disciplines, from Organizational Behavior and Marketing to Accounting and Strategy, are interested in antecedents and consequences of individual attitudes and traits. A key aspect of personality profiles are explicit and implicit motives. Yet, Management scholars mainly focus on explicit motives, with limited attention to implicit motives. We argue that this state of affairs probably came into being because current Management researchers mainly rely on implicit motive measures that are either difficult to apply or to develop, hampering researchers from applying implicit motive measures. To overcome the downsides of available instruments, we develop a Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) as an efficient, reliable and valid measure of implicit motives, particularly the needs for achievement, affiliation and power. To explore our BIAT’s predictive validity, we apply this measure to a specific research domain within Management: Entrepreneurship. We examine implicit motives’ association with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, business founding, and financial profitability. Our results show that the introduction of implicit motives can unlock stranded discussions in this research domain. Overall, we argue that implicit motives can help to push the boundaries of the study of deep-level attributes in a wide range of organizational and managerial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjen van Witteloostuijn
- School of Business and Economics, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Antwerp Management School, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie Hermans
- CERPE, Department of Economics, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Faculty of Economic, Social and Political Sciences and Communication (ESPO), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Johanna Vanderstraeten
- Antwerp Management School, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marcus Dejardin
- CERPE, Department of Economics, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Faculty of Economic, Social and Political Sciences and Communication (ESPO), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Brassey
- School of Business and Economics, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dendi Ramdani
- Department of Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Denzinger F, Brandstätter V. Stability of and Changes in Implicit Motives. A Narrative Review of Empirical Studies. Front Psychol 2018; 9:777. [PMID: 29887818 PMCID: PMC5982542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growing research indicates that certain personality traits change over the lifespan, implicit motives are often deemed to be rather stable personality characteristics. Researchers have been interested in implicit motives for several decades, but our understanding of how these dispositions change still lacks clarity. This article gives an overview and a discussion of the current evidence for the stability of and the changes in implicit motives. After elaborating on the theoretical background of the motive construct and its measurement, we present an overview of studies that have investigated the trainability of implicit motives and their dispositional stability and changes using cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Although the results are inconclusive concerning the direction of change, the reviewed studies suggest that implicit motives adapt to life circumstances much like other personality traits. This review sets out to contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of implicit motives and to present a roadmap for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Brandstätter
- Department of Psychology - Psychology of Motivation, Volition, and Emotion, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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