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Kitamura T, Hada A, Usui Y, Ohashi Y. Development of the Japanese Version of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3): A Study among Student and Parent Population. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:576. [PMID: 39062399 PMCID: PMC11273926 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3) is a scenario-based measure of self-conscious emotions. We aimed to create an abridged version of the TOSCA-3 that is appropriate for Japanese populations and has a good fit with the data, as well as validate its subscales. METHODS The TOSCA-3 was distributed to (a) a university student population (n = 512: Study 1) and (b) a parent population (n = 260: Study 2). In both studies, items with factor loading < 0.33 were deleted one by one to select culturally appropriate scenarios for each of the six domains of self-conscious emotions. In Study 1, self-conscious emotions were correlated with the other correlates. RESULTS Most of the final models showed a good fit with the data. In Study 1, the six domains of self-conscious emotions showed correlations with depression and related items, dispositional coping styles, experiences in childhood, ego function, borderline and narcissistic personality traits, and adult attachment styles, almost in the expected fashions. CONCLUSIONS The TOSCA-3 is a useful tool to measure self-conscious emotions among Japanese student and parent populations if a few culturally inappropriate scenarios are deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Kitamura
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.U.); (Y.O.)
- Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Studies and Skill Advancement in Mental Health, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayako Hada
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.U.); (Y.O.)
- Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Usui
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.U.); (Y.O.)
- Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ohashi
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.U.); (Y.O.)
- T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Studies and Skill Advancement in Mental Health, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
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Oh H, Lee DG, Cho H. The differential roles of shame and guilt in the relationship between self-discrepancy and psychological maladjustment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1215177. [PMID: 37842708 PMCID: PMC10573311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-discrepancy theory proposes that having inconsistent self-representations can trigger feelings of shame and guilt, leading to experiences of depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the distinct characteristics of each shame and guilt in relation to the connection between actual/ideal self-discrepancy and depression, as well as actual/ought self-discrepancy and anxiety. A total of 403 participants completed an online questionnaire assessing their self-discrepancy, shame, guilt, depression, and anxiety. Correlational analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis were used to assess the goodness of fit of the proposed model and the structural relationships between the variables. The key findings were as follows: (1) There were positive correlations among actual/ideal self-discrepancy, actual/ought self-discrepancy, shame, guilt, depression, and anxiety; (2) Shame partially mediated the association between actual/ideal self-discrepancy and depression; and (3) Guilt fully mediated the association between actual/ought self-discrepancy and anxiety. These outcomes uphold the self-discrepancy theory by confirming a distinct intra-psychological process involving shame and guilt. Each type of self-discrepancy was related to experiences of depression and anxiety. Our data suggest that researchers and practitioners should prioritize shame and guilt when examining individuals' self-discrepancy and related mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-gwi Lee
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunggu Cho
- Counseling and Psychological Services, College of Education and Human Development, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Nesbitt AE, Pila E, Crocker PRE, Sabiston CM. Global and body-related self-conscious emotions: exploring associations to positive and negative mental health. SELF AND IDENTITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2023.2184858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Nesbitt
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter R. E. Crocker
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mash HBH, Naifeh JA, Gonzalez OI. Shame: Conceptual Complexity and Influence on Mental Health in Military Populations. Psychiatry 2020; 83:40-46. [PMID: 32191605 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2020.1717315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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