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Martínez-Rivas FJ, Fernie AR. Metabolomics to understand metabolic regulation underpinning fruit ripening, development, and quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1726-1740. [PMID: 37864494 PMCID: PMC10938048 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Classically fruit ripening and development was studied using genetic approaches, with understanding of metabolic changes that occurred in concert largely focused on a handful of metabolites including sugars, organic acids, cell wall components, and phytohormones. The advent and widespread application of metabolomics has, however, led to far greater understanding of metabolic components that play a crucial role not only in this process but also in influencing the organoleptic and nutritive properties of the fruits. Here we review how the study of natural variation, mutants, transgenics, and gene-edited fruits has led to a considerable increase in our understanding of these aspects. We focus on fleshy fruits such as tomato but also review berries, receptacle fruits, and stone-bearing fruits. Finally, we offer a perspective as to how comparative analyses and machine learning will likely further improve our comprehension of the functional importance of various metabolites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Juan Martínez-Rivas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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2
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Liu Z, Liang T, Kang C. Molecular bases of strawberry fruit quality traits: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:900-914. [PMID: 37399254 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry is one of the world's most popular fruits, providing humans with vitamins, fibers, and antioxidants. Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid and highly heterozygous, making it a challenge for breeding, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and gene discovery. Some wild strawberry relatives, such as Fragaria vesca, have diploid genomes and are becoming laboratory models for the cultivated strawberry. Recent advances in genome sequencing and CRISPR-mediated genome editing have greatly improved the understanding of various aspects of strawberry growth and development in both cultivated and wild strawberries. This review focuses on fruit quality traits that are most relevant to the consumers, including fruit aroma, sweetness, color, firmness, and shape. Recently available phased-haplotype genomes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, extensive fruit transcriptomes, and other big data have made it possible to locate key genomic regions or pinpoint specific genes that underlie volatile synthesis, anthocyanin accumulation for fruit color, and sweetness intensity or perception. These new advances will greatly facilitate marker-assisted breeding, the introgression of missing genes into modern varieties, and precise genome editing of selected genes and pathways. Strawberries are poised to benefit from these recent advances, providing consumers with fruit that is tastier, longer-lasting, healthier, and more beautiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tong Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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3
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Muñoz P, Castillejo C, Gómez JA, Miranda L, Lesemann S, Olbricht K, Petit A, Chartier P, Haugeneder A, Trinkl J, Mazzoni L, Masny A, Zurawicz E, Ziegler FMR, Usadel B, Schwab W, Denoyes B, Mezzetti B, Osorio S, Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Amaya I. QTL analysis for ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruit reveals a complex genetic architecture and association with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad006. [PMID: 36938573 PMCID: PMC10022485 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are an excellent source of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), a powerful antioxidant for plants and humans. Identifying the genetic components underlying AsA accumulation is crucial for enhancing strawberry nutritional quality. Here, we unravel the genetic architecture of AsA accumulation using an F1 population derived from parental lines 'Candonga' and 'Senga Sengana', adapted to distinct Southern and Northern European areas. To account for environmental effects, the F1 and parental lines were grown and phenotyped in five locations across Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Fruit AsA content displayed normal distribution typical of quantitative traits and ranged five-fold, with significant differences among genotypes and environments. AsA content in each country and the average in all of them was used in combination with 6,974 markers for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Environmentally stable QTLs for AsA content were detected in linkage group (LG) 3A, LG 5A, LG 5B, LG 6B and LG 7C. Candidate genes were identified within stable QTL intervals and expression analysis in lines with contrasting AsA content suggested that GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase FaGGP(3A), and the chloroplast-located AsA transporter gene FaPHT4;4(7C) might be the underlying genetic factors for QTLs on LG 3A and 7C, respectively. We show that recessive alleles of FaGGP(3A) inherited from both parental lines increase fruit AsA content. Furthermore, expression of FaGGP(3A) was two-fold higher in lines with high AsA. Markers here identified represent a useful resource for efficient selection of new strawberry cultivars with increased AsA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Muñoz
- Centro IFAPA de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), 29140, Málaga, Spain
- PhD program in Advanced Biotechnology, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Castillejo
- Centro IFAPA de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), 29140, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Luis Miranda
- Finca el Cebollar, Centro IFAPA las Torres, 04745, Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Annika Haugeneder
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Johanna Trinkl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Masny
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, the National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | | | | | - Björn Usadel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Béatrice Denoyes
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, F-33140, France
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - José F Sánchez-Sevilla
- Centro IFAPA de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), 29140, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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Zhang Z, Yu S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li H. Comparative Characterization of Fruit Volatiles and Volatile-Related Genes Expression of 'Benihoppe' Strawberry and Its Somaclonal Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1109. [PMID: 36903969 PMCID: PMC10005569 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Somaclonal variations in tissue cultures can be used in plant breeding programs. However, it is still unclear whether somaclonal variations and their original parent have differences in volatile compounds, and the candidate genes which result in the differences in volatile compounds also need to be identified. In this study, we utilized the 'Benihoppe' strawberry and its somaclonal mutant 'Xiaobai', which has different fruit aromas compared with 'Benihoppe', as research materials. Using HS-SPME-GC-MS, 113 volatile compounds have been identified in the four developmental periods of 'Benihoppe' and 'Xiaobai'. Among them, the quantity and content of some unique esters in 'Xiaobai' were much higher than that in 'Benihoppe'. In addition, we found that the contents and odor activity values of ethyl isovalerate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl pentanoate, linalool, and nerolidol in the red fruit of 'Xiaobai' were much higher compared with 'Benihoppe', which may result from the significantly increased expression of FaLOX6, FaHPL, FaADH, FaAAT, FaAAT1, FaDXS, FaMCS, and FaHDR in 'Xiaobai'. However, the content of eugenol in 'Benihoppe' was higher than that in 'Xiaobai', which may result from the higher expression of FaEGS1a in 'Benihoppe' compared with 'Xiaobai'. The results provide insights into the somaclonal variations that affect the volatile compounds in strawberries and can be used for strawberry quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - He Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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5
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Fan Z, Tieman DM, Knapp SJ, Zerbe P, Famula R, Barbey CR, Folta KM, Amadeu RR, Lee M, Oh Y, Lee S, Whitaker VM. A multi-omics framework reveals strawberry flavor genes and their regulatory elements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1089-1107. [PMID: 35916073 PMCID: PMC9805237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavor is essential to consumer preference of foods and is an increasing focus of plant breeding programs. In fruit crops, identifying genes underlying volatile organic compounds has great promise to accelerate flavor improvement, but polyploidy and heterozygosity in many species have slowed progress. Here we use octoploid cultivated strawberry to demonstrate how genomic heterozygosity, transcriptomic intricacy and fruit metabolomic diversity can be treated as strengths and leveraged to uncover fruit flavor genes and their regulatory elements. Multi-omics datasets were generated including an expression quantitative trait loci map with 196 diverse breeding lines, haplotype-phased genomes of a highly-flavored breeding selection, a genome-wide structural variant map using five haplotypes, and volatile genome-wide association study (GWAS) with > 300 individuals. Overlaying regulatory elements, structural variants and GWAS-linked allele-specific expression of numerous genes to variation in volatile compounds important to flavor. In one example, the functional role of anthranilate synthase alpha subunit 1 in methyl anthranilate biosynthesis was supported via fruit transient gene expression assays. These results demonstrate a framework for flavor gene discovery in fruit crops and a pathway to molecular breeding of cultivars with complex and desirable flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
| | - Denise M. Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Steven J. Knapp
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Randi Famula
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Christopher R. Barbey
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Rodrigo R. Amadeu
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Manbo Lee
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
| | - Youngjae Oh
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
| | - Vance M. Whitaker
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFL33597USA
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6
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Quality Traits, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Expression of Key Flavor Genes in Strawberry Genotypes over Harvest Period. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413499. [PMID: 34948297 PMCID: PMC8703339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six strawberry genotypes were examined for fruit yield and size, important chemical traits (sugars, phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, volatiles) and antioxidant properties (ferric reducing power). In addition, we determined the expression of genes and transcription factors (SAAT, FaNES1, FaFAD1, FaEGS2, FaEOBII and FaMYB10) controlling the main flavor and aroma traits, and finally evaluated the effect of the genotype and harvest time on the examined chemical and genetic factors, as well as their intercorrelations. The commercial varieties 'Fortuna', 'Victory', 'Calderon', 'Rociera', and two advanced selections Ber22/6 and Ber23/3 were cultivated under the same conditions at Berryplasma World Ltd. plantations (Varda, Ilia, Region of Western Greece). Strawberries were harvested at three different time points over the main harvest period in Greece, i.e., early March (T1), late March (T2) and late April (T3). 'Fortuna' exhibited the highest early and total yield, while 'Calderon', the highest average berry weight. General Linear Model repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that the interaction of the genotype and harvest time was significant (p < 0.001) on all tested quality attributes and gene expression levels, showing that each genotype behaves differently throughout the harvest period. Exceptions were observed for: (a) the volatile anhydrides, fatty acids, aromatics and phenylpropanoids (all were greatly affected by the harvest time), and (b) lactones, furaneol and FaEGS2 that were affected only by the genotype. We observed significant intercorrelations among those factors, e.g., the positive correlation of FaFAD1 expression with decalactone and nerolidol, of SAAT with furaneol, trans-cinnamic acid and phenylpropanoids, and of FaEGS2 with decalactone and FaFAD1. Moreover, a strong positive correlation between SAAT and FaMYB10 and a moderate negative one between SAAT and glucose were also detected. Those correlations can be further investigated to reveal potential markers for strawberry breeding. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of strawberry physiology, which would facilitate breeding efforts for the development of new strawberry varieties with superior qualitative traits.
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7
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Barbey CR, Hogshead MH, Harrison B, Schwartz AE, Verma S, Oh Y, Lee S, Folta KM, Whitaker VM. Genetic Analysis of Methyl Anthranilate, Mesifurane, Linalool, and Other Flavor Compounds in Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615749. [PMID: 34093602 PMCID: PMC8170412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important fruit crop that is intensively bred for improved sensory qualities. The diversity of fruit flavors and aromas in strawberry results mainly from the interactions of sugars, acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are derived from diverse biochemical pathways influenced by the expression of many genes. This study integrates multiomic analyses to identify QTL and candidate genes for multiple aroma compounds in a complex strawberry breeding population. Novel fruit volatile QTL was discovered for methyl anthranilate, methyl 2-hexenoate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, mesifurane, and a shared QTL on Chr 3 was found for nine monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds, including linalool, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, α-limonene, linalool oxide, nerolidol, α-caryophellene, α-farnesene, and β-farnesene. Fruit transcriptomes from a subset of 64 individuals were used to support candidate gene identification. For methyl esters including the grape-like methyl anthranilate, a novel ANTHANILIC ACID METHYL TRANSFERASE-like gene was identified. Two mesifurane QTL correspond with the known biosynthesis gene O-METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 and a novel FURANEOL GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE. The shared terpene QTL contains multiple fruit-expressed terpenoid pathway-related genes including NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE 1 (FanNES1). The abundance of linalool and other monoterpenes is partially governed by a co-segregating expression-QTL (eQTL) for FanNES1 transcript variation, and there is additional evidence for quantitative effects from other terpenoid-pathway genes in this narrow genomic region. These QTLs present new opportunities in breeding for improved flavor in commercial strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Barbey
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Maxwell H. Hogshead
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin Harrison
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anne E. Schwartz
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sujeet Verma
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Youngjae Oh
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vance M. Whitaker
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
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8
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Barbey CR, Hogshead MH, Harrison B, Schwartz AE, Verma S, Oh Y, Lee S, Folta KM, Whitaker VM. Genetic Analysis of Methyl Anthranilate, Mesifurane, Linalool, and Other Flavor Compounds in Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615749. [PMID: 34093602 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.07.330001v1.full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important fruit crop that is intensively bred for improved sensory qualities. The diversity of fruit flavors and aromas in strawberry results mainly from the interactions of sugars, acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are derived from diverse biochemical pathways influenced by the expression of many genes. This study integrates multiomic analyses to identify QTL and candidate genes for multiple aroma compounds in a complex strawberry breeding population. Novel fruit volatile QTL was discovered for methyl anthranilate, methyl 2-hexenoate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, mesifurane, and a shared QTL on Chr 3 was found for nine monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds, including linalool, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, α-limonene, linalool oxide, nerolidol, α-caryophellene, α-farnesene, and β-farnesene. Fruit transcriptomes from a subset of 64 individuals were used to support candidate gene identification. For methyl esters including the grape-like methyl anthranilate, a novel ANTHANILIC ACID METHYL TRANSFERASE-like gene was identified. Two mesifurane QTL correspond with the known biosynthesis gene O-METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 and a novel FURANEOL GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE. The shared terpene QTL contains multiple fruit-expressed terpenoid pathway-related genes including NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE 1 (FanNES1). The abundance of linalool and other monoterpenes is partially governed by a co-segregating expression-QTL (eQTL) for FanNES1 transcript variation, and there is additional evidence for quantitative effects from other terpenoid-pathway genes in this narrow genomic region. These QTLs present new opportunities in breeding for improved flavor in commercial strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Barbey
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Maxwell H Hogshead
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin Harrison
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anne E Schwartz
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sujeet Verma
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Youngjae Oh
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Kevin M Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vance M Whitaker
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
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9
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Oh Y, Barbey CR, Chandra S, Bai J, Fan Z, Plotto A, Pillet J, Folta KM, Whitaker VM, Lee S. Genomic Characterization of the Fruity Aroma Gene, FaFAD1, Reveals a Gene Dosage Effect on γ-Decalactone Production in Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639345. [PMID: 34017348 PMCID: PMC8129584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strawberries produce numerous volatile compounds that contribute to the unique flavors of fruits. Among the many volatiles, γ-decalactone (γ-D) has the greatest contribution to the characteristic fruity aroma in strawberry fruit. The presence or absence of γ-D is controlled by a single locus, FaFAD1. However, this locus has not yet been systematically characterized in the octoploid strawberry genome. It has also been reported that the volatile content greatly varies among the strawberry varieties possessing FaFAD1, suggesting that another genetic factor could be responsible for the different levels of γ-D in fruit. In this study, we explored the genomic structure of FaFAD1 and determined the allele dosage of FaFAD1 that regulates variations of γ-D production in cultivated octoploid strawberry. The genome-wide association studies confirmed the major locus FaFAD1 that regulates the γ-D production in cultivated strawberry. With the hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing analysis, a major presence-absence variation of FaFAD1 was discovered among γ-D producers and non-producers. To explore the genomic structure of FaFAD1 in the octoploid strawberry, three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were developed. A deletion of 8,262 bp was consistently found in the FaFAD1 region of γ-D non-producing varieties. With the newly developed InDel-based codominant marker genotyping, along with γ-D metabolite profiling data, we revealed the impact of gene dosage effect for the production of γ-D in the octoploid strawberry varieties. Altogether, this study provides systematic information of the prominent role of FaFAD1 presence and absence polymorphism in producing γ-D and proposes that both alleles of FaFAD1 are required to produce the highest content of fruity aroma in strawberry fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Oh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Christopher R. Barbey
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Saket Chandra
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy Pillet
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vance M. Whitaker
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
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Lyzhin AS, Luk'yanchuk IV, Zhbanova EV. Polymorphism of the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes for fruit flavor volatiles in strawberry varieties and wild species from the genetic collection of the Michurin Federal Research Center. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:5-11. [PMID: 33659775 PMCID: PMC7716574 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit aroma is an important consumer attribute of strawberry varieties. The key volatile compounds of the aromatic complex of strawberry fruit are mesifurane (fruity and caramel aromas) and γ-decalactone (fruity, sweet, or peachy aroma). The mesifurane content in strawberry fruit is controlled by the FaOMT gene, which is mapped to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome VII-F.1. The γ-decalactone content in strawberry fruit is controlled by the FaFAD1 gene, mapped to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome III-2. Identification of forms carrying genes for fruit flavor volatiles is an important step in breeding varieties with fragrant fruit. The use of molecular markers allows highly reliable detection of target gene alleles in a genome at early developmental stages. This study involves molecular genotyping of Fragaria L. varieties for the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes, analysis of polymorphism of the loci in question, and identification of genotypes valuable for breeding. The objects of our study were wild species of the genus Fragaria L. and strawberry varieties (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of different ecological and geographic origins. To assess the allelic states of the FaOMT gene, the codominant marker FaOMT-SI/NO was used, and for the FaFAD1 gene, the dominant marker FaFAD1. The functional allele of the FaOMT gene (FaOMT+) in the heterozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT– genotype) was detected in 34.9 % of the accessions tested. The functional allele of the FaOMT gene in the homozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT+ genotype) was detected in 51.2 % of the accessions. The homozygous state of the inactive allele (FaOMT–FaOMT– genotype) was detected in 13.9 % of the studied strawberry accessions. The FaFAD1 gene was identified in 25.6 % of the analyzed collection of strawberry genotypes, including the wild species F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. ovalis Rydb. The combination of functional alleles of the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes was detected in 16.3 % of the analyzed forms. The wild species F. orientalis Los. and F. moschata Duch. and strawberry variety Red Gauntlet combine the functional allele of the FaFAD1 gene with the homozygous state of the active allele of the FaOMT gene; therefore, we recommend them as promising sources of high contents of mesifurane and γ-decactone in fruit in breeding programs for fruit aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lyzhin
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov oblast, Russia
| | - I V Luk'yanchuk
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov oblast, Russia
| | - E V Zhbanova
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov oblast, Russia
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Luk’yanchuk I, Zhbanova E, Lyzhin A. Characteristics of promising strawberry varieties and elite forms by chemical composition and genes of the aromatic complex of fruits. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213601012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of the analysis of promising strawberry genotypes by the chemical composition and genes, involved in the determination of fruit aroma, are presented. By the complex of chemical traits, the strawberry varieties and elite forms of breeding of the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center are highlighted: Flora (sugars – 9.2%, ascorbic acid – 65.0 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 74.2 mg/100 g), elite seedling 56-5 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya) (sugars – 8.1%, ascorbic acid – 83.5 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 64.3 mg/100 g). These strawberry forms are also characterized by a homozygous state of the functional allele of the FaOMT gene of the aromatic complex of fruits, which indicates high mesifurane content in fruits. The research results can be used in further work on the creation of strawberry varieties with a high level of taste and aromatic qualities, and also the antioxidant value of the fruits.
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Migicovsky Z. Tasting improvement in fruit flavor using genomics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1539-1540. [PMID: 32343417 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Luk’yanchuk I. Molecular genetic analysis of strawberry genotypes for the FaOMT fruit aroma gene. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202503003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of the analysis of allelic polymorphism of strawberry varieties and forms for the FAOMT fruit aroma gene were shown. The non-functional allele FaOMT- in the homozygous state was detected in strawberry variety Quicky. Heterozygous genotype (FaOMT+FaOMT-) was identified in the strawberry varieties Feyerverk, Ostara, Polka and Symphony, and selected forms 26-5 and 928-12. The functional allele FaOMT gene (FaOMT+) in the homozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT+ genotype) was detected in strawberry varieties Borovitskaya, Kubata, Troitskaya, Tsaritsa, Yarkaya, Korona and Vima Kimberly, and selected forms 932-29 and 298-19-9-43, which allows us to be used as valuable initial forms in breeding for fruit aroma.
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Liang R, Huang J, Wu X, Fan J, Xu Y, Wu C, Jin Y, Zhou R. Investigating the differences of flavor profiles between two types of soy sauce by heat-treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1698603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Wu
- Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan City, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan City, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Qianhe Condiment Co., Ltd, Meishan City, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Research Center of Solid-state Brewing, Luzhou, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Production, Chengdu, China
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Ding Y, Xue L, Guo RX, Luo GJ, Song YT, Lei JJ. De Novo Assembled Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genic SSR Markers in Red-Flowered Strawberry. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:607-622. [PMID: 30825077 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Red-flowered strawberry is a new ornamental flower derived from intergeneric hybridization (Fragaria × Potentilla). To date, few molecular markers have been reported for this plant. RNA sequencing provides a relatively fast and low-cost approach for large-scale detection of simple sequence repeats (SSRs). In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of red-flowered strawberry by Illumina HiSeq 2500 to identify SSRs related to petal color. Based on 2 million clean reads of red and white flowers from red-flowered strawberry hybrids, we assembled 91,835 unigenes with an average length of 717 bp. After functional annotation and prediction, there were 47,058 unigenes; of these, 26,861 had a gene ontology annotation, with 14,264 SSR loci. Mononucleotide SSRs were the predominant repeat type (47.20%, n = 6724), followed by di- (32.50%, n = 4641), tri- (19.10%, n = 2729), tetra- (0.90%, n = 132), hexa- (0.2%, n = 21), and penta- (0.10%, n = 16) nucleotide repeats. The most frequent di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide repeats were AG/CT, AAG/CTT, and AAAG/CTTT, respectively. PCR amplification with 105 SSR primer pairs yielded four bands specific to red flowers, namely UgRFsr57622, UgRFsr94149, UgRFsr40142, and UgRFsr54608; corresponding 4 trait-specific markers were found to co-segregate with white and red flower color in hybrid population, demonstrating that the genic SSR marker is useful to discriminate between white and red flowers in strawberry. Markers to discriminate flower color in red-flowered strawberry will be useful for early selection of progeny and for breeding management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Li Xue
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rui-Xue Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gang-Jun Luo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yu-Tong Song
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jia-Jun Lei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Kallio HP. Historical Review on the Identification of Mesifurane, 2,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2 H)-furanone, and Its Occurrence in Berries and Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2553-2560. [PMID: 29489353 PMCID: PMC6203179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesifurane, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2 H)-furanone, is a natural compound used a worldwide as a flavoring for foods, beverages, and cosmetics. Global sales of mesifurane are around $100 million. Its significance as a flavor-impact compound in some Nordic berries was discovered in the early 1970s in Finland. Synthesized mesifurane was used as a key compound in aroma mixes exploited in a Finnish patent. Mesifurane is a significant flavorant in arctic brambles, mangoes, strawberries, and many other fruits and berries and is an enzymatic methylation product of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2 H)-furanone. Because of the obscurity of the information on the history of the commonly used trivial name, mesifurane, it is time to lift the veil and reveal the background of the present situation. The key player was a northern berry, arctic bramble ( Rubus arcticus), the Finnish name of which is mesimarja. Forty years ago, aroma research was limited by technical factors, but nowadays there is a surplus of information.
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