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Dai K, Wang X, Liu H, Qiao P, Wang J, Shi W, Guo J, Diao X. Efficient identification of QTL for agronomic traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) using RTM- and MLM-GWAS. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:18. [PMID: 38206376 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Eleven QTLs for agronomic traits were identified by RTM- and MLM-GWAS, putative candidate genes were predicted and two markers for grain weight were developed and validated. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second most cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is an important grain crop in arid regions. Seven agronomic traits of 408 diverse foxtail millet accessions from 15 provinces in China were evaluated in three environments. They were clustered into two divergent groups based on genotypic data using ADMIXTURE, which was highly consistent with their geographical distribution. Two models for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), namely restricted two-stage multi-locus multi-allele (RTM)-GWAS and mixed linear model (MLM)-GWAS, were used to dissect the genetic architecture of the agronomic traits based on 13,723 SNPs. Eleven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seven traits were identified using two models (RTM- and MLM-GWAS). Among them, five were considered stable QTLs that were identified in at least two environments using MLM-GWAS. One putative candidate gene (SETIT_006045mg, Chr4: 744,701-746,852) that can enhance grain weight per panicle was identified based on homologous gene comparison and gene expression analysis and was validated by haplotype analysis of 330 accessions with high-depth (10×) resequencing data (unpublished). In addition, homologous gene comparison and haplotype analysis identified one putative foxtail millet ortholog (SETIT_032906mg, Chr2: 5,020,600-5,029,771) with rice affecting the target traits. Two markers (cGWP6045 and kTGW2906) were developed and validated and can be used for marker-assisted selection of foxtail millet with high grain weight. The results provide a fundamental resource for foxtail millet genetic research and breeding and demonstrate the power of integrating RTM- and MLM-GWAS approaches as a complementary strategy for investigating complex traits in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Dai
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Jiaxue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Weiping Shi
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Jie Guo
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Ying Y, Xu F, Bao J. Combined Effects of Different Alleles of FLO2, Wx and SSIIa on the Cooking and Eating Quality of Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172249. [PMID: 36079631 PMCID: PMC9460582 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of the cooking and eating quality (CEQ) of rice is one of the major objectives of current rice-breeding programs. A few major genes such as Waxy (Wx) and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) have been successfully applied in molecular breeding. However, their interactive effects on CEQ have not been fully understood. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was constructed by crossing the white-core mutant GM645 with the transparent phenotype of the japonica rice variety Tainung 67 (TN67). GM645 and TN67 contain different alleles of FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 (FLO2), Wx, and SSIIa. The effects of different allele combinations of FLO2, Wx, and SSIIa on the CEQ of rice were investigated. The inbred lines with the mutation allele flo2 had a significantly lower apparent amylose content (AAC), viscosity characteristics except for setback (SB), and gel texture properties compared to those lines with the FLO2 allele. The allelic combination of FLO2 and Wx significantly affected the AAC, breakdown (BD), and gel textural properties, which could explain most of the variations in those rice quality traits that were correlated with AAC. The allelic combination of FLO2 and SSIIa significantly affected the hot paste viscosity (HPV) and pasting temperature (PT). The Wx × SSIIa interaction had a significant effect on the PT. The interaction of FLO2, Wx and SSIIa significantly affected the AAC, cold paste viscosity (CPV), PT, and consistency viscosity (CS). These results highlight the important roles of these quality-related genes in regulating the CEQ of rice and provide new clues for rice-quality improvement by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yining Ying
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence:
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Du Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Li F, Kong F, Zhang J, Li J, Peng T, Sun H, Zhao Q. Regulation of OsPIL15 on rice quality. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:39. [PMID: 37313503 PMCID: PMC10248670 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome-interacting factor-like gene OsPIL15 negatively regulates grain size and 1000-grain weight, but its regulatory effect on rice quality traits is unknown. Here, knock-down, knock-out, and over-expression of OsPIL15 transgenic rice lines were used to investigate the effects of OsPIL15 on rice yield and quality traits. The results showed that knock-down or knock-out of OsPIL15 increased grain length and width, chalkiness, amylose content, glutenin and globulin content, and total protein content but reduced amylopectin content, total starch content, prolamin and albumin content, and gel consistency. Over-expression of OsPIL15 showed the opposite results, except for the reduction of prolamin content. Although OsPIL15 changed the grain size and weight, it had no effect on grain length/width ratio, brown rice rate, and milled rice rate. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between transgenic lines and wild type showed that OsPIL15 mainly regulated genes related to ribosome, metabolic pathways, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Gene expression analysis showed that RNAi transgenic lines decreased OsCIN2 and OsSUS1 expression and increased OsGBSSI, OsSSI, OsAPGL2, and OsAPGL3 expression level, while over-expression of OsPIL15 increased OsCIN2, OsSUS1, OsSUS6, and OsSSI and decreased OsSSIIa, OsSSIIc, and OsAPGL2 expression level. These results revealed that OsPIL15 plays an important role in rice grain development. In addition to grain shape, OsPIL15 also regulates chalkiness, starch content, protein content, and gel consistency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01311-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiu Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang W, Hao Q, Liang J, Tan Q, Luan X, Lin S, Zhu H, Bu S, Liu Z, Liu G, Wang S, Zhang G. Fine Mapping of Two Major Quantitative Trait Loci for Rice Chalkiness With High Temperature-Enhanced Additive Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957863. [PMID: 35845647 PMCID: PMC9280674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chalkiness is a crucial determinant of rice quality. During seed filling period, high temperature usually increases grain chalkiness, resulting in poor grain quality. Rice chalkiness was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and influenced by environmental conditions. In this study, we identified two single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) 22-05 and 15-06 with significantly lower percentage of grain chalkiness (PGC) than recipient Huajingxian 74 (HJX74) over 6 cropping seasons. Two major QTLs for chalkiness, qPGC5 and qPGC6, were located by substitution mapping of SSSLs 22-05 and 15-06, respectively. qPGC5 was located in the 876.5 kb interval of chromosome 5 and qPGC6 was located in the 269.1 kb interval of chromosome 6. Interestingly, the PGC of HJX74 was significantly different between the two cropping seasons per year, with 25.8% in the first cropping season (FCS) and 16.6% in the second cropping season (SCS), while the PGC of SSSLs 22-05 and 15-06 did not significantly differ between FCS and SCS. The additive effects of qPGC5 and qPGC6 on chalkiness in the SSSLs were significantly greater in FCS than in SCS. These results showed that qPGC5 and qPGC6 had major effects on chalkiness and the SSSL alleles were more effective in reducing chalkiness under high temperature condition in FCS. The fine-mapping of the two QTLs will facilitate the cloning of genes for chalkiness and provide new genetic resources to develop new cultivars with low chalkiness even under high temperature condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanya Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojun Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Bu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zupei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Genome-Wide Association Studies of Maize Seedling Root Traits under Different Nitrogen Levels. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111417. [PMID: 35684192 PMCID: PMC9182862 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the important factors affecting maize root morphological construction and growth development. An association panel of 124 maize inbred lines was evaluated for root and shoot growth at seedling stage under normal N (CK) and low N (LN) treatments, using the paper culture method. Twenty traits were measured, including three shoot traits and seventeen root traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) methods. The results showed that LN condition promoted the growth of the maize roots, and normal N promoted the growth of the shoots. A total of 185 significant SNPs were identified, including 27 SNPs for shoot traits and 158 SNPs for root traits. Four important candidate genes were identified. Under LN conditions, the candidate gene Zm00001d004123 was significantly correlated with the number of crown roots, Zm00001d025554 was correlated with plant height. Under CK conditions, the candidate gene Zm00001d051083 was correlated with the length and area of seminal roots, Zm00001d050798 was correlated with the total root length. The four candidate genes all responded to the LN treatment. The research results provide genetic resources for the genetic improvement of maize root traits.
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Cao D, Wang D, Li S, Li Y, Hao M, Liu B. Genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association study reveal genetic diversity and loci controlling agronomic traits in triticale. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1705-1715. [PMID: 35244733 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits were analyzed by the reads coverage and genome-wide association study based genotyping-by-sequencing in a diverse population consisting of 199 accessions. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is an economically important grain forage and energy crop planted worldwide for its high biomass. Little is known about the genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits in triticale. We performed genotyping-by-sequencing of 199 cultivars and mapped reads to the A, B, D, and R genomes for karyotype analysis. These cultivars could mostly be grouped into five types. Some chromosome abnormalities occurred with high frequency, such as 2D (2R) substitution, deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2D or the short arm of 5R, and translocation of the long arms of 7D/7A, the short arms of 6D/6A, or the long arms of 1D/1A. We chose only widely planted hexaploid triticale cultivars (153) for genome-wide association study. These cultivars could be divided into nine distinct groups, and the linkage disequilibrium decay was 25.4 kb in this population. We identified 253 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) on 20 chromosomes, except 7R. Twenty-one reliable MTAs were identified repeatedly over two environments. We predicted 16 putative candidate genes involved in plant growth and development using the genome sequences of wheat and rye. These results provide a basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms of agronomic traits and will benefit the breeding of improved hexaploid triticale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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OsbZIP60-mediated unfolded protein response regulates grain chalkiness in rice. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:414-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen K, Łyskowski A, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. Genetic and Molecular Factors Determining Grain Weight in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:605799. [PMID: 34322138 PMCID: PMC8313227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.605799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is one of the major factors determining single plant yield production of rice and other cereal crops. Research has begun to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain weight as well as grain size, highlighting the importance of this research for plant molecular biology. The developmental trait of grain weight is affected by multiple molecular and genetic aspects that lead to dynamic changes in cell division, expansion and differentiation. Additionally, several important biological pathways contribute to grain weight, such as ubiquitination, phytohormones, G-proteins, photosynthesis, epigenetic modifications and microRNAs. Our review integrates early and more recent findings, and provides future perspectives for how a more complete understanding of grain weight can optimize strategies for improving yield production. It is surprising that the acquired wealth of knowledge has not revealed more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. To accelerating molecular breeding of rice and other cereals is becoming an emergent and critical task for agronomists. Lastly, we highlighted the importance of leveraging gene editing technologies as well as structural studies for future rice breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Łyskowski
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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