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Kim KH, Lee BM. Effects of Climate Change and Drought Tolerance on Maize Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3548. [PMID: 37896012 PMCID: PMC10610049 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting all regions of the world with different climates, and the scale of damage is increasing due to the occurrence of various natural disasters. In particular, maize production is highly affected by abnormal climate events such as heat waves and droughts. Increasing temperatures can accelerate growth and shorten the growing season, potentially reducing productivity. Additionally, enhanced temperatures during the ripening period can accelerate the process, reducing crop yields. In addition, drought stress due to water deficit can greatly affect seedling formation, early plant growth, photosynthesis, reproductive growth, and yield, so proper water management is critical to maize growth. Maize, in particular, is tall and broad-leaved, so extreme drought stress at planting can cause leaves to curl and stunt growth. It is important to understand that severe drought can have a detrimental effect on the growth and reproduction of maize. In addition, high temperatures caused by drought stress can inhibit the induction of flowering in male flowers and cause factors that interfere with pollen development. It is therefore important to increase the productivity of all food crops, including maize, while maintaining them in the face of persistent drought caused by climate change. This requires a strategy to develop genetically modified crops and drought-tolerant maize that can effectively respond to climate change. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of climate change and drought tolerance on maize growth. We also reviewed molecular breeding techniques to develop drought-tolerant maize varieties in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung-Moo Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University—Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Sethi M, Saini DK, Devi V, Kaur C, Singh MP, Singh J, Pruthi G, Kaur A, Singh A, Chaudhary DP. Unravelling the genetic framework associated with grain quality and yield-related traits in maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Genet 2023; 14:1248697. [PMID: 37609038 PMCID: PMC10440565 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize serves as a crucial nutrient reservoir for a significant portion of the global population. However, to effectively address the growing world population's hidden hunger, it is essential to focus on two key aspects: biofortification of maize and improving its yield potential through advanced breeding techniques. Moreover, the coordination of multiple targets within a single breeding program poses a complex challenge. This study compiled mapping studies conducted over the past decade, identifying quantitative trait loci associated with grain quality and yield related traits in maize. Meta-QTL analysis of 2,974 QTLs for 169 component traits (associated with quality and yield related traits) revealed 68 MQTLs across different genetic backgrounds and environments. Most of these MQTLs were further validated using the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Further, ten MQTLs, referred to as breeding-friendly MQTLs (BF-MQTLs), with a significant phenotypic variation explained over 10% and confidence interval less than 2 Mb, were shortlisted. BF-MQTLs were further used to identify potential candidate genes, including 59 genes encoding important proteins/products involved in essential metabolic pathways. Five BF-MQTLs associated with both quality and yield traits were also recommended to be utilized in future breeding programs. Synteny analysis with wheat and rice genomes revealed conserved regions across the genomes, indicating these hotspot regions as validated targets for developing biofortified, high-yielding maize varieties in future breeding programs. After validation, the identified candidate genes can also be utilized to effectively model the plant architecture and enhance desirable quality traits through various approaches such as marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Sethi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Veena Devi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gomsie Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Alla Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Paul Chaudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Baisakh N, Da Silva EA, Pradhan AK, Rajasekaran K. Comprehensive meta-analysis of QTL and gene expression studies identify candidate genes associated with Aspergillus flavus resistance in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1214907. [PMID: 37534296 PMCID: PMC10392829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1214907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin (AF) contamination, caused by Aspergillus flavus, compromises the food safety and marketability of commodities, such as maize, cotton, peanuts, and tree nuts. Multigenic inheritance of AF resistance impedes conventional introgression of resistance traits into high-yielding commercial maize varieties. Several AF resistance-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and markers have been reported from multiple biparental mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in maize. However, QTLs with large confidence intervals (CI) explaining inconsistent phenotypic variance limit their use in marker-assisted selection. Meta-analysis of published QTLs can identify significant meta-QTLs (MQTLs) with a narrower CI for reliable identification of genes and linked markers for AF resistance. Using 276 out of 356 reported QTLs controlling resistance to A. flavus infection and AF contamination in maize, we identified 58 MQTLs on all 10 chromosomes with a 66.5% reduction in the average CI. Similarly, a meta-analysis of maize genes differentially expressed in response to (a)biotic stresses from the to-date published literature identified 591 genes putatively responding to only A. flavus infection, of which 14 were significantly differentially expressed (-1.0 ≤ Log2Fc ≥ 1.0; p ≤ 0.05). Eight MQTLs were validated by their colocalization with 14 A. flavus resistance-associated SNPs identified from GWAS in maize. A total of 15 genes were physically close between the MQTL intervals and SNPs. Assessment of 12 MQTL-linked SSR markers identified three markers that could discriminate 14 and eight cultivars with resistance and susceptible responses, respectively. A comprehensive meta-analysis of QTLs and differentially expressed genes led to the identification of genes and makers for their potential application in marker-assisted breeding of A. flavus-resistant maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Baisakh
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Eduardo A. Da Silva
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Anjan K. Pradhan
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), New Orleans, LA, United States
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Roychowdhury R, Das SP, Gupta A, Parihar P, Chandrasekhar K, Sarker U, Kumar A, Ramrao DP, Sudhakar C. Multi-Omics Pipeline and Omics-Integration Approach to Decipher Plant's Abiotic Stress Tolerance Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1281. [PMID: 37372461 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present day's ongoing global warming and climate change adversely affect plants through imposing environmental (abiotic) stresses and disease pressure. The major abiotic factors such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, etc., hamper a plant's innate growth and development, resulting in reduced yield and quality, with the possibility of undesired traits. In the 21st century, the advent of high-throughput sequencing tools, state-of-the-art biotechnological techniques and bioinformatic analyzing pipelines led to the easy characterization of plant traits for abiotic stress response and tolerance mechanisms by applying the 'omics' toolbox. Panomics pipeline including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, proteogenomics, interactomics, ionomics, phenomics, etc., have become very handy nowadays. This is important to produce climate-smart future crops with a proper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses by the plant's genes, transcripts, proteins, epigenome, cellular metabolic circuits and resultant phenotype. Instead of mono-omics, two or more (hence 'multi-omics') integrated-omics approaches can decipher the plant's abiotic stress tolerance response very well. Multi-omics-characterized plants can be used as potent genetic resources to incorporate into the future breeding program. For the practical utility of crop improvement, multi-omics approaches for particular abiotic stress tolerance can be combined with genome-assisted breeding (GAB) by being pyramided with improved crop yield, food quality and associated agronomic traits and can open a new era of omics-assisted breeding. Thus, multi-omics pipelines together are able to decipher molecular processes, biomarkers, targets for genetic engineering, regulatory networks and precision agriculture solutions for a crop's variable abiotic stress tolerance to ensure food security under changing environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-The Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Soumya Prakash Das
- School of Bioscience, Seacom Skills University, Bolpur 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Amber Gupta
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kottakota Chandrasekhar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya College of Agricultural Sciences (SKCAS), Affiliated to Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Guntur 522034, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Umakanta Sarker
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Vishwamitra (M.V.) College, Buxar 802102, Bihar, India
| | - Devade Pandurang Ramrao
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Chinta Sudhakar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Bhardwaj R, Lone JK, Pandey R, Mondal N, Dhandapani R, Meena SK, Khan S. Insights into morphological and physio-biochemical adaptive responses in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) under heat stress. Front Genet 2023; 14:1206451. [PMID: 37396038 PMCID: PMC10308031 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1206451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an important food legume crop which contributes significantly to nutritional and food security of South and Southeast Asia. The crop thrives in hot and humid weather conditions, with an optimal temperature range of 28°-35°C, and is mainly cultivated under rainfed environments. However, the rising global temperature has posed a serious threat to mungbean cultivation. Optimal temperature is a vital factor in cellular processes, and every crop species has evolved with its specific temperature tolerance ability. Moreover, variation within a crop species is inevitable, given the diverse environmental conditions under which it has evolved. For instance, various mungbean germplasm can grow and produce seeds in extreme ambient temperatures as low as 20°C or as high as 45°C. This range of variation in mungbean germplasm for heat tolerance plays a crucial role in developing heat tolerant and high yielding mungbean cultivars. However, heat tolerance is a complex mechanism which is extensively discussed in this manuscript; and at the same time individual genotypes have evolved with various ways of heat stress tolerance. Therefore, to enhance understanding towards such variability in mungbean germplasm, we studied morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical traits which are responsive to heat stress in plants with more relevance to mungbean. Understanding heat stress tolerance attributing traits will help in identification of corresponding regulatory networks and associated genes, which will further help in devising suitable strategies to enhance heat tolerance in mungbean. The major pathways responsible for heat stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Tonk Rajasthan, India
| | - Jafar K Lone
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Mondal
- Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - R Dhandapani
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Meena
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Tonk Rajasthan, India
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Karnatam KS, Chhabra G, Saini DK, Singh R, Kaur G, Praba UP, Kumar P, Goyal S, Sharma P, Ranjan R, Sandhu SK, Kumar R, Vikal Y. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of QTLs Associated with Root Traits and Implications for Maize Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076135. [PMID: 37047112 PMCID: PMC10093813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA), also known as root morphology, is critical in plant acquisition of soil resources, plant growth, and yield formation. Many QTLs associated with RSA or root traits in maize have been identified using several bi-parental populations, particularly in response to various environmental factors. In the present study, a meta-analysis of QTLs associated with root traits was performed in maize using 917 QTLs retrieved from 43 mapping studies published from 1998 to 2020. A total of 631 QTLs were projected onto a consensus map involving 19,714 markers, which led to the prediction of 68 meta-QTLs (MQTLs). Among these 68 MQTLs, 36 MQTLs were validated with the marker-trait associations available from previous genome-wide association studies for root traits. The use of comparative genomics approaches revealed several gene models conserved among the maize, sorghum, and rice genomes. Among the conserved genomic regions, the ortho-MQTL analysis uncovered 20 maize MQTLs syntenic to 27 rice MQTLs for root traits. Functional analysis of some high-confidence MQTL regions revealed 442 gene models, which were then subjected to in silico expression analysis, yielding 235 gene models with significant expression in various tissues. Furthermore, 16 known genes viz., DXS2, PHT, RTP1, TUA4, YUC3, YUC6, RTCS1, NSA1, EIN2, NHX1, CPPS4, BIGE1, RCP1, SKUS13, YUC5, and AW330564 associated with various root traits were present within or near the MQTL regions. These results could aid in QTL cloning and pyramiding in developing new maize varieties with specific root architecture for proper plant growth and development under optimum and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sai Karnatam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Gautam Chhabra
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Umesh Preethi Praba
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Simran Goyal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Priti Sharma
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Rumesh Ranjan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Surinder K Sandhu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141001, India
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Okunlola G, Badu-Apraku B, Ariyo O, Agre P, Offernedo Q, Ayo-Vaughan M. Genome-wide association studies of Striga resistance in extra-early maturing quality protein maize inbred lines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkac237. [PMID: 36073937 PMCID: PMC9911053 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of genes associated with Striga resistance is invaluable for accelerating genetic gains in breeding for Striga resistance in maize. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with grain yield and other agronomic traits under artificial Striga field infestation. One hundred and forty-one extra-early quality protein maize inbred lines were phenotyped for key agronomic traits. The inbred lines were also genotyped using 49,185 DArTseq markers from which 8,143 were retained for population structure analysis and genome wide-association study. Cluster analysis and population structure revealed the presence of 3 well-defined genetic groups. Using the mixed linear model, 22 SNP markers were identified to be significantly associated with grain yield, Striga damage at 10 weeks after planting, number of emerged Striga plants at 8 and 10 weeks after planting and ear aspect. The identified SNP markers would be useful for breeders for marker-assisted selection to accelerate the genetic enhancement of maize for Striga resistance in sub-Saharan Africa after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbemisola Okunlola
- Maize Improvement Programme, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo ,5320, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 110124, Ogun, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Baffour Badu-Apraku
- Maize Improvement Programme, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo ,5320, Nigeria
| | - Omolayo Ariyo
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 110124, Ogun, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Paterne Agre
- Maize Improvement Programme, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo ,5320, Nigeria
| | - Queen Offernedo
- Maize Improvement Programme, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo ,5320, Nigeria
| | - Moninuola Ayo-Vaughan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 110124, Ogun, 2240, Nigeria
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Kumar S, Gopinath KA, Sheoran S, Meena RS, Srinivasarao C, Bedwal S, Jangir CK, Mrunalini K, Jat R, Praharaj CS. Pulse-based cropping systems for soil health restoration, resources conservation, and nutritional and environmental security in rainfed agroecosystems. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1041124. [PMID: 36817102 PMCID: PMC9935831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulses are an important source of energy and protein, essential amino acids, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins, and play a significant role in addressing global nutritional security. The global pulse area, production, and average productivity increased from 1961 to 2020 (60 years). Pulses are usually grown under rainfed, highly unstable, and complex production environments, with substantial variability in soil and environmental factors, high year-to-year output variability, and variation in soil moisture. Since the last six decades, there is not much satisfactory improvement in the yield of pulses because of their cultivation in harsh environments, coupled with their continuous ignorance of the farmers and governments in policy planning. As a result, the global food supplies through pulses remained negligible and amounted to merely ~1.0% of the total food supply and 1.2% of the vegan food system. In this situation, protein-rich food is still a question raised at the global level to make a malnutrition-free world. Pulses are a vital component of agricultural biological diversity, essential for tackling climate change, and serve as an energy diet for vegetarians. Pulses can mitigate climate change by reducing the dependence on synthetic fertilizers that artificially introduce nitrogen (N) into the soil. The high demand and manufacture of chemical fertilizers emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), and their overuse can harm the environment. In addition, the increasing demand for the vegetal protein under most global agroecosystems has to be met with under a stressed rainfed situation. The rainfed agroecosystem is a shelter for poor people from a significant part of the globe, such as Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Nearly, 83% [over 1,260 million hectares (ha)] of cultivated land comes under rainfed agriculture, contributing significantly to global food security by supplying over 60% of the food. In rainfed areas, the limitation of natural resources with the shrinking land, continuous nutrient mining, soil fertility depletion, declining productivity factor, constantly depleting water availability, decreasing soil carbon (C) stock, augmented weed menace, ecological instability, and reduced system productivity are creating a more challenging situation. Pulses, being crops of marginal and semi-marginal soils of arid and semi-arid climates, require less input for cultivation, such as water, nutrients, tillage, labor, and energy. Furthermore, accommodation of the area for the cultivation of pulses reduces the groundwater exploitation, C and N footprints, agrochemical application in the cropping systems, and ill effects of climate change due to their inherent capacity to withstand harsh soil to exhibit phytoremediation properties and to stand well under stressed environmental condition. This article focuses on the role of pulses in ecological services, human wellbeing, soil, environmental health, and economic security for advanced sustainability. Therefore, this study will enhance the understanding of productivity improvement in a system-based approach in a rainfed agroecosystem through the involvement of pulses. Furthermore, the present study highlighted significant research findings and policy support in the direction of exploring the real yield potential of pulses. It will provide a road map to producers, researchers, policymakers, and government planners working on pulses to promote them in rainfed agroecosystems to achieve the United Nations (UN's) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - K. A. Gopinath
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Meena
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ch. Srinivasarao
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | | | | | - Ramdhan Jat
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - C. S. Praharaj
- ICAR - Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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Genetic structure and molecular mechanism underlying the stalk lodging traits in maize ( Zea mays L.). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:485-494. [PMID: 36618981 PMCID: PMC9803694 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stalk lodging seriously affects yield and quality of crops, and it can be caused by several factors, such as environments, developmental stages, and internal chemical components of plant stalks. Breeding of stalk lodging-resistant varieties is thus an important task for maize breeders. To better understand the genetic basis underlying stalk lodging resistance, several methods such as quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) have been used to mine potential gene resources. Based on different types of genetic populations and mapping methods, many significant loci associated with stalk lodging resistance have been identified so far. However, few work has been performed to compare and integrate these reported genetic loci. In this study, we first collected hundreds of QTLs and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) related to stalk lodging traits in maize. Then we mapped and integrated the QTLs and QTNs in maize genome to identify overlapped hotspot regions. Based on the genomic confidence intervals harboring these overlapped hotspot regions, we predicted candidate genes related to stalk lodging traits. Meanwhile, we mapped reported genes to these hotspot regions. Finally, we constructed molecular regulatory networks underlying stalk lodging resistance in maize. Collectively, this study provides not only useful genetic loci for deeply exploring molecular mechanisms of stalk lodging resistance traits, but also potential candidate genes and targeted strategies for improving stalk lodging resistance to increase crop yields in future.
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