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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Mlak R, Bury-Kamińska M, Mielnik M, Podgajna M, Kuśmierczuk K, Mazurek M, Homa-Mlak I, Szczyrek M, Krawczyk J, Małecka-Massalska T, Hus M. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration predicts polyneuropathy and overall survival in multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:77-89. [PMID: 32567687 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein with a potent influence on several aspects of neuronal and blood vessel functions. However, its prognostic potential and functional role in multiple myeloma (MM) remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of BDNF on the risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and clinical outcome. Study group consisted of 91 newly-diagnosed MM patients treated with bortezomib and/or thalidomide-based chemotherapy. Detection of BDNF in serum was performed using ELISA. Polyneuropathy was assessed according to the CTCAE Criteria v5. We observed that BDNF concentration correlated with the severity of polyneuropathy (P = 0·0463). Higher BDNF values were noted in patients who responded to treatment (P = 0·0326), and BDNF proved to be a useful marker to predict lack of response after eight cycles of treatment (sensitivity - 100%, specificity - 61·5%, P = 0·0142). Moreover this marker showed significant diagnostic usefulness in diagnosis of CIPN (sensitivity - 76%, specificity - 71·43%; area under the curve (AUC)= 0·77, 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0·64-0·88; P < 0·0001). Low BDNF was an independent, unfavourable prognostic factor associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 2·79, P = 0·0470). In conclusion, BDNF level may play a prognostic role and constitute a useful biomarker in predicting CIPN in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bury-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Mielnik
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Podgajna
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Kuśmierczuk
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Mazurek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.,National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Marek Hus
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Akil H, Perraud A, Jauberteau MO, Mathonnet M. Tropomyosin-related kinase B/brain derived-neurotrophic factor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:490-500. [PMID: 26811602 PMCID: PMC4716054 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in western countries. Approximately one-quarter of newly diagnosed patients for CRC have metastases, and a further 40%-50% experience disease recurrence or develop metastases after all standard therapies. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of CRC and subsequently developing novel therapeutic targets is crucial to improve management of CRC and patients’ long-term survival. Several tyrosine kinase receptors have been implicated in CRC development, progression and metastasis, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular EGFR. Recently, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), a tyrosine kinase receptor, has been reported in CRC and found to clearly exert several biological and clinical features, such as tumor cell growth and survival in vitro and in vivo, metastasis formation and poor prognosis. Here we review the significance of TrkB and its ligand brain derived-neurotrophic factor in CRC. We focus on their expression in CRC tumor samples, and their functional roles in CRC cell lines and in in vivo models. Finally we discuss therapeutic approaches that can lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents for treating TrkB-expressing CRC tumors.
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Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neutrophin family that is known to activate the high-affinity tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B (TrkB). This study aimed to clarify the clinical and biological significance of the BDNF/TrkB pathway in gastric cancer. Methods: We analysed BDNF and TrkB expression in gastric cancer samples by real-time reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the biological role of BDNF/TrkB axis, recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) and the Trk antagonist K252a were used for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Results: The BDNF expression at the invasive front of primary tumours was significantly elevated compared with that in the tumour core and adjacent normal mucosa. Increased BDNF expression at the invasive front was significantly correlated with factors reflecting disease progression, and poor prognosis. Increased co-expression of the BDNF/TrkB axis was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Gastric cancer cells expressed BDNF, and administration of rhBDNF promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibition of anoikis. These effects were generally inhibited by K252a. In an in vivo assay, BDNF(+)/TrkB(+) gastric cancer cells injected into nude mice established peritoneal dissemination, whereas K252a inhibited tumour growth. Conclusion: The BDNF/TrkB pathway might be deeply involved in gastric cancer disease progression.
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GUO DAWEI, SUN WENYU, ZHU LEI, ZHANG HONGBIN, HOU XUEZHONG, LIANG JIAN, JIANG XIAOFENG, LIU CHEN. Knockdown of BDNF suppressed invasion of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells, a mechanism associated with inactivation of RhoA or Rac1 and actin skeleton disorganization. APMIS 2011; 120:469-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Guo D, Hou X, Zhang H, Sun W, Zhu L, Liang J, Jiang X. More expressions of BDNF and TrkB in multiple hepatocellular carcinoma and anti-BDNF or K252a induced apoptosis, supressed invasion of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:97. [PMID: 21999199 PMCID: PMC3212909 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor Tropomysin-related kinase B (TrkB) are commonly up-regulated in a variety of human tumors. However, the roles of BDNF/TrkB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been poorly investigated. METHODS We evaluated the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in 65 cases of HCC by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, in human HCC cell lines of HepG2 and high metastatic HCCLM3, the secretory BDNF in supernatant was measured by ELISA, the effects of BDNF neutralizing antibody or Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a on apoptosis and invasion were examined by flow cytometry and transwell assay respectively. RESULTS Higher expression of BDNF (63.1%) or positive expression of TrkB (55.4%) was found in HCC specimens, which was significantly correlated with multiple and advanced stage of HCC. BDNF secretory level in HCCLM3 was higher than that in HepG2 cells. Both anti-BDNF and K252a effectively induced apoptosis and suppressed invasion of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that BDNF/TrkB are essential for HCC cells survival and invasion. BDNF/TrkB signaling should probably be an effective target to prevent HCC advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Fu BH, Wu ZZ, Qin J. Effects of integrin α6β1 on migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:3271-6. [PMID: 21359644 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied specific blocking antibodies for integrin α6 or β1 subunit, and evaluated the in vitro effects of integrins α6β1 on the adhesion, chemotaxis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 to type IV collagen. The adhesion force and cell migration, as measured by a micropipette aspiration system and Boyden chamber assay respectively, was dramatically reduced when either integrin subunits was blocked. The chemotaxis, as determined using a dual-micropipette system, was only affected by the antibody against β1 subunit. This study suggests that integrin α6β1 is an important cell surface receptor that mediates the adhesion of SMMC-7721 to type IV collagen. But the α6 subunit has minimal effect on pseudopod formation in response to type IV collagen. Therefore, the integrin α6β1-mediated cell migration is, at least in part, through the regulation on the cell adhesion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Hong Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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K252a induces anoikis-sensitization with suppression of cellular migration in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)--associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:48-58. [PMID: 20694504 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed an unexpected role of the neurotrophin receptor pathway, BDNF/TrkB signaling, in cancer metastasis and anoikis (i.e. detachment-induced cell death). Survival of cancer cells in detached state (known as anoikis-resistance) is known to be pre-requisite for metastasis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an endemic head and neck cancer in Southeast Asia, is highly invasive, metastatic, and etiologically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, an oncovirus) infection. Mechanistic studies on the invasive/metastatic nature of NPC can facilitate the development of anti-metastatic therapy in NPC. Thus far, the role of BDNF/TrkB signaling in virus-associated human cancer is unclear. Here, using multiple cell line models of NPC with EBV-association (HONE-1-EBV, HK1-LMP1 and C666-1), we investigated the potential involvement of BDNF/TrkB signaling in cellular migration and anoikis-resistant characteristics of NPC. We found that all three EBV-associated NPC cell lines tested were intrinsically anoikis-resistant (i.e. survived in detached state) and expressed both BDNF and TrkB. BDNF stimulation induced cellular migration, but not proliferation of these cells. Further, we examined if pharmacologic targeting of anoikis-resistance of NPC cells can be achievable by a proof-of-concept Trk inhibitor, K252a, in these EBV-associated NPC models. Our results demonstrated that K252a, was able to attenuate BDNF-induced migration and proliferation of NPC cells. More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that K252a harbored potent anoikis-sensitization activity (i.e. sensitizing cancer cells to detachment-induced cell death) against EBV-associated human cancer cells, namely NPC cells. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that K252a, a Trk inhibitor, can potentially be used as an anoikis-sensitizing agent in NPC.
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Fu Y, Huang J, Wang KS, Zhang X, Han ZG. RNA interference targeting CITRON can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:693-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Behavior of dermal fibroblasts on microdot arrays yields insight into wound healing mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:387-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Song Z, Li R, You N, Tao K, Dou K. Loss of heterozygosity of the tumor suppressor gene Tg737 in the side population cells of hepatocellular carcinomas is associated with poor prognosis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:4091-101. [PMID: 20300861 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a useful method for finding genetic alterations in tumor and precancerous lesion tissues. In this study, we analyzed LOH of the tumor suppressor gene Tg737 in side population cells of human hepatocellular carcinomas. Side population cells were sorted and identification by flow cytometry from suspensions of hepatocarcinoma or normal liver cells generated from 95 hepatocellular carcinoma and normal tissues, respectively. DNA was extracted from the two groups of side population cells and peripheral blood specimens. Five microsatellite markers on the Tg737 gene were used to analyze the frequency of loss of heterozygosity in the side population cells of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty-four (25.30%) tumor samples had a large deletion in more than three microsatellite markers. The highest frequency of loss of heterozygosity was observed with the G64212 marker (78.75%) and the SHGC-57879 marker (75.95%). Statistical analysis of the correlation between loss of heterozygosity of Tg737 and clinicopathological features indicated a strong correlation between the two markers associated with the highest frequency of loss of heterozygosity and survival. The results indicate that loss of heterozygosity of the tumor suppressor gene Tg737 may play an important role in the carcinogenetic mechanism of liver cancer stem cells. In addition, the independent association between loss of heterozygosity at the SHGC-57879 and G64212 markers and worsened short-term survival in patients could be used as a novel prognostic predictor. Further studies of side population cells may contribute to the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Yu Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang Z, Ou G. Overexpression of TrkB promotes the progression of colon cancer. APMIS 2010; 118:188-95. [PMID: 20132184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that TrkB plays important roles in facilitating metastasis in various types of malignant tumors. In the present study, 30 cases of colon cancer and matched non-tumors were examined for the expression of TrkB by Western blot. The expression of TrkB was also examined in 90 colon tumor sections by immunohistochemical methods, and D2-40 staining was used to evaluate the correlation between TrkB expression and lymphatic vessel density. To investigate the effects of TrkB on the progression of colon cancer, siRNA specific for TrkB was transfected into LoVo cells, and proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of transfected cells were examined using MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Our results showed that TrkB was up-regulated in colon tumors compared with the non-tumorous counterparts, and the overexpression of TrkB was closely correlated with lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and metastasis. Inhibition of TrkB by siRNA increased the apoptotic rates of transfected cells, while the numbers of proliferative and invasive cells were decreased. In summary, our data suggest that overexpression of TrkB in colon cancer possibly plays roles in inhibiting apoptosis, promoting proliferation and invasion, facilitating tumor progression by lymphangiogenesis-associated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang S, Guo D, Luo W, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li C, Lu Y, Cui Z, Qiu X. TrkB is highly expressed in NSCLC and mediates BDNF-induced the activation of Pyk2 signaling and the invasion of A549 cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:43. [PMID: 20156366 PMCID: PMC2830183 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant regulation in the invasion of cancer cells is closely associated with their metastatic potentials. TrkB functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase and is considered to facilitate tumor metastasis. Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and integrates signals in cell invasion. However, little is known about the expression of TrkB in NSCLC and whether Pyk2 is involved in TrkB-mediated invasion of A549 cells. Methods The expression of TrkB was investigated in NSCLC by immunohistochemical staining. Both HBE and A549 cells were treated with BDNF. The expression of TrkB, Pyk2 and ERK phosphorylations were assessed by western blot. Besides, A549 cells were transfected with TrkB-siRNA or Pyk2-siRNA, or treated with ERK inhibitor where indicated. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell invasion. Results 40 cases (66.7%) of NSCLC were found higher expression of TrkB and patients with more TrkB expression had significant metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.028). BDNF facilitated the invasion of A549 cells and the activations of Pyk2 in Tyr402 and ERK. However, the effects of BDNF were not observed in HBE cells with lower expression of TrkB. In addition, the increased Pyk2 and ERK activities induced by BDNF were significantly inhibited by blocking TrkB expression, so was the invasion of A549 cells. Knockdown studies revealed the essential role of Pyk2 for BDNF-induced cell invasion, since the invasion of A549 cells was abolished by Pyk2-siRNA. The application of ERK inhibitor also showed the suppressed ERK phosphorylation and cell invasion. Conclusion These data indicated that higher expression of TrkB in NSCLC was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis, and BDNF probably via TrkB/Pyk2/ERK promoted the invasion of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Thiele CJ, Li Z, McKee AE. On Trk--the TrkB signal transduction pathway is an increasingly important target in cancer biology. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5962-7. [PMID: 19755385 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the beginning, Trk was an oncogene. Yet Neurotrophin-Trk signaling came to preeminence in the field of neurobiology. Now it is appreciated that Trks regulate important processes in nonneuronal cells and, in addition to their impact on tumors of neural origin, may contribute to the pathogenesis of carcinomas, myelomas, and prostate and lymphoid tumors. Although mutations and rearrangements of Trk are seen only sporadically in human cancers, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, a number of recent studies indicate that expression of TrkB contributes to tumor pathology. In neuroblastoma, TrkA expression marks good prognosis which TrkB and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression marks poor prognosis. Activation of the BDNF/TrkB signal transduction pathway also stimulates tumor cell survival and angiogenesis and contributes to resistance to cytotoxic drugs and anoikis, enabling cells to acquire many of the characteristic features required for tumorigenesis. Small molecule inhibitors, such as Cephalon's CEP-701, are in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials, and a series of AstraZeneca Trk inhibitors are poised to enter the clinic. As monotherapy, inhibitors may be effective only in tumors with activating Trk mutations. Important clinical follow-up will be the assessment of Trk inhibitors in combination with standard chemo- or radiotherapy or other signal transduction pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, CRC, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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