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Lotsios NS, Arvanitis N, Charonitakis AG, Mpekoulis G, Frakolaki E, Vassilaki N, Sideris DC, Vassilacopoulou D. Expression of Human L-Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) under Conditions of Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10179-10192. [PMID: 38132481 PMCID: PMC10742706 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to influence mRNA levels, translation, and proteolysis. The importance of oxidative stress has been demonstrated in several human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is the enzyme that converts L-Dopa to dopamine (DA). In spite of a large number of studies, little is known about the biological significance of the enzyme under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we investigated the relationship between DDC expression and oxidative stress in human neural and non-neural cells. Oxidative stress was induced by treatment with H2O2. Our data indicated that mRNA and protein expression of DDC was enhanced or remained stable under conditions of ROS induction, despite degradation of total RNA and increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Moreover, DDC silencing caused an increase in the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The current study suggests that DDC is involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos S. Lotsios
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (N.A.); (A.G.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Arvanitis
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (N.A.); (A.G.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Alexandros G. Charonitakis
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (N.A.); (A.G.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Diamantis C. Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (N.A.); (A.G.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (N.A.); (A.G.C.); (D.C.S.)
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Pasi F, Persico MG, Marenco M, Vigorito M, Facoetti A, Hodolic M, Nano R, Cavenaghi G, Lodola L, Aprile C. Effects of Photons Irradiation on 18F-FET and 18F-DOPA Uptake by T98G Glioblastoma Cells. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:589924. [PMID: 33281548 PMCID: PMC7691293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between brain tumors recurrence and early neuroinflammation or late radionecrosis is still an unsolved problem. The new emerging magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography diagnostic modalities still lack sufficient accuracy. In the last years, a great effort has been made to develop radiotracers able to detect specific altered metabolic pathways or tumor receptor markers. Our research project aims to evaluate irradiation effects on radiopharmaceutical uptake and compare the kinetic of the fluorinate tracers. T98G glioblastoma cells were irradiated at doses of 2, 10, and 20 Gy with photons, and 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET tracer uptake was evaluated. Activity and cell viability at different incubation times were measured. 18F-FET and 18F-DOPA are accumulated via the LAT-1 transporter, but 18F-DOPA is further incorporated, whereas 18F-FET is not metabolized. Therefore, time-activity curves (TACs) tend to plateau with 18F-DOPA and to a rapid washout with 18F-FET. After irradiation, 18F-DOPA TAC resembles the 18F-FET pattern. 18F-DOPA activity peak we observed at 20 min might be fictitious, because earlier time points have not been evaluated, and a higher activity peak before 20 min cannot be excluded. In addition, the activity retained in the irradiated cells remains higher in comparison to the sham ones at all time points investigated. This aspect is similar in the 18F-FET TAC but less evident. Therefore, we can hypothesize the presence of a second intracellular compartment in addition to the amino acidic pool one governed by LAT-1, which could explain the progressive accumulation of 18F-DOPA in unirradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco G Persico
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Marenco
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Vigorito
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marina Hodolic
- Nuclear Medicine Research Department, IASON, Graz, Austria.,Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palackı University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Rosanna Nano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cavenaghi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lodola
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Aprile
- CNAO National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia, Italy
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Revised Exon Structure of l-DOPA Decarboxylase ( DDC) Reveals Novel Splice Variants Associated with Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228568. [PMID: 33202911 PMCID: PMC7697000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogenous malignancy with an increased mortality rate. Aberrant splicing is a typical characteristic of CRC, and several studies support the prognostic value of particular transcripts in this malignancy. l-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) and its derivative neurotransmitters play a multifaceted role in physiological and pathological states. Our recent data support the existence of 6 DDC novel exons. In this study, we investigated the existence of additional DDC novel exons and transcripts, and their potential value as biomarkers in CRC. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 55 human cell lines coupled with Sanger sequencing uncovered 3 additional DDC novel exons and 20 splice variants, 7 of which likely encode new protein isoforms. Eight of these transcripts were detected in CRC. An in-house qPCR assay was developed and performed in TNM II and III CRC samples for the quantification of transcripts bearing novel exons. Extensive biostatistical analysis uncovered the prognostic value of specific DDC novel exons for patients’ disease-free and overall survival. The revised DDC exon structure, the putative protein isoforms with distinct functions, and the prognostic value of novel exons highlight the pivotal role of DDC in CRC progression, indicating its potential utility as a molecular biomarker in CRC.
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Papatsirou M, Adamopoulos PG, Artemaki PI, Georganti VP, Scorilas A, Vassilacopoulou D, Kontos CK. Next-generation sequencing reveals alternative L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) splice variants bearing novel exons, in human hepatocellular and lung cancer cells. Gene 2020; 768:145262. [PMID: 33141052 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) is an enzyme that displays a pivotal role in metabolic processes. It is implicated in various human disorders, including hepatocellular and lung cancer. Several splice variants of DDC have previously been described, most of which encode for protein isoforms of this enzyme. In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology along with nested touchdown PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify new splice variants bearing novel exons of the DDC gene, in hepatocellular and lung cancer cell lines. Using an in-house-developed algorithm, we discovered seven novel DDC exons. Next, we determined the structure of ten novel DDC transcripts, three of which contain an open reading frame (ORF) and probably encode for three previously unknown protein isoforms of this enzyme. Future studies should focus on the elucidation of their role in cellular physiology and cancer pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papatsirou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi I Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki P Georganti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Chalatsa I, Arvanitis N, Arvanitis D, Tsakou AC, Kalantzis ED, Vassiliou AG, Sideris DC, Frakolaki E, Vassilaki N, Vassilacopoulou D. Human L-Dopa decarboxylase interaction with annexin V and expression during apoptosis. Biochimie 2020; 177:78-86. [PMID: 32835737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) is a pyridoxal requiring enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa) to Dopamine (DA). The function of DDC in physiological and pathological biochemical pathways remains poorly understood, while the function and regulation of human DDC isoforms is almost completely elusive. We have shown that Annexin V, a fundamental apoptosis marker, is an inhibitor of l-Dopa decarboxylase activity. Here we show the interaction of both the full-length DDC and the truncated isoform alternative DDC (Alt-DDC) with Annexin V in human tissue and cell lines. Interestingly, DDC isoform expression is enhanced or remains unaffected following staurosporine (STS) treatment, despite increased levels of cytotoxicity and apoptosis. The findings presented here provide novel insights concerning the involvement of DDC in programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Chalatsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece; Neurodegenerative Diseases Division, Center for Basic Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arvanitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Arvanitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia C Tsakou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos D Kalantzis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Vas. Sofias 127 av, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Vas. Sofias 127 av, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece.
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Adamopoulos PG, Tsiakanikas P, Kontos CK, Panagiotou A, Vassilacopoulou D, Scorilas A. Identification of novel alternative splice variants of the human L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene in human cancer cells, using high-throughput sequencing approaches. Gene 2019; 719:144075. [PMID: 31449843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) is a gene that has been in the center of research attention in many laboratories the last decades, due to its major implication in various disorders, including many types of cancer. In the current work, we used in-house developed RACE and high-throughput sequencing approaches, in order to detect and identify novel DDC transcripts. Bioinformatic analysis revealed new alternative splicing events that support the existence of novel DDC transcripts. As a result, a total of 14 DDC splice variants were identified and their expression profile was investigated in a wide panel of human cancer cell lines. From all 14 novel DDC transcripts that were identified, 9 transcripts are predicted to encode new protein isoforms, while the remaining 5 are nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidates. Our results demonstrate that the human DDC gene undergoes complex processing leading to the figuration of multiple mRNA isoforms in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakanikas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Panagiotou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Emerging Role of l-Dopa Decarboxylase in Flaviviridae Virus Infections. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080837. [PMID: 31387309 PMCID: PMC6721762 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
l-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) that catalyzes the biosynthesis of bioactive amines, such as dopamine and serotonin, is expressed in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, including the liver, where its physiological role remains unknown. Recently, we reported a physical and functional interaction of DDC with the major signaling regulator phosphoinosite-3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we provide compelling evidence for the involvement of DDC in viral infections. Studying dengue (DENV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection in hepatocytes and HCV replication in liver samples of infected patients, we observed a negative association between DDC and viral replication. Specifically, replication of both viruses reduced the levels of DDC mRNA and the ~120 kDa SDS-resistant DDC immunoreactive functional complex, concomitant with a PI3K-dependent accumulation of the ~50 kDa DDC monomer. Moreover, viral infection inhibited PI3K-DDC association, while DDC did not colocalize with viral replication sites. DDC overexpression suppressed DENV and HCV RNA replication, while DDC enzymatic inhibition enhanced viral replication and infectivity and affected DENV-induced cell death. Consistently, we observed an inverse correlation between DDC mRNA and HCV RNA levels in liver biopsies from chronically infected patients. These data reveal a novel relationship between DDC and Flaviviridae replication cycle and the role of PI3K in this process.
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Sanchez-Jiménez F, Pino-Ángeles A, Rodríguez-López R, Morales M, Urdiales JL. Structural and functional analogies and differences between histidine decarboxylase and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase molecular networks: Biomedical implications. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Quantification and study of the L-DOPA decarboxylase expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells treated with chemotherapeutic substances. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:291-9. [PMID: 23328075 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835db25a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine decarboxylase (DDC) is an enzyme implicated in the biosynthetic pathways of the neurotransmitters dopamine and probably serotonin. DDC gene expression has been studied in numerous malignancies and the corresponding data have shown remarkable alterations in the mRNA and/or protein levels encoded by the gene. The aim of this study was to examine any modulations in the DDC mRNA levels in gastric cancer cells after their treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, etoposide, cisplatin, and taxol. The sensitivity of the AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells to the antineoplastic drugs was evaluated using the MTT assay. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA. A highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR methodology was developed for the quantification of DDC mRNA. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Relative quantification analysis was carried out using the comparative C T method ((Equation is included in full-text article.)). The treatment of AGS cells with several concentrations of various broadly used anticancer drugs resulted in significant modulations of the DDC mRNA levels compared with those in the untreated cells in a time-specific and drug-specific manner. Generally, DDC expression levels appeared to decrease after three time periods of exposure to the selected chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a characteristic DDC mRNA expression profile that is possibly related to the mechanism of each drug. Our experimental data show that the DDC gene might serve as a new potential molecular biomarker predicting treatment response in gastric cancer cells.
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Park SY, Kwon D, Mok H, Chung BH. Simple and rapid detection of l-Dopa decarboxylase activity using gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2013; 138:3146-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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l-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) constitutes an emerging biomarker in predicting patients’ survival with stomach adenocarcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:297-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chalatsa I, Fragoulis EG, Vassilacopoulou D. Release of membrane-associated L-dopa decarboxylase from human cells. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1426-34. [PMID: 21479916 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
L-Dopa Decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of L-Dopa to dopamine. In this study, we investigated the cellular topology of the active human enzyme. Fractionation of membranes from human cell lines, of neural and non-neural origin, by temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114 resulted in the detection of DDC molecules in all separation phases. Solubilization of membrane-associated DDC was observed in a pH and time-dependent manner and was affected by divalent cations and protease inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of a possible release mechanism. The study of the biological properties and function of the solubilization phenomenon described here, as well as, the study of the membrane-associated enzyme could provide us with new information about the participation of the human L-Dopa decarboxylase in physiological and aberrant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Chalatsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15701, Athens, Greece
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