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Yadav H, Pandit D, Singh S, Sharma P, Garg K, Girdhar N, Sharma K, Chopra V, Chopra S, Sharma S. GST polymorphism as a predictive biomarker for modulating the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A North Indian study. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:302-311. [PMID: 37948104 PMCID: PMC10988663 DOI: 10.1113/ep091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly characterized by shortness of breath, coughing or expectoration. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD development, but only a small percentage of smokers develop symptoms, implying a genetic component. Glutathione S-transferase enzymes are responsible for detoxifying cigarette smoke components. The role of glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene polymorphism was assessed with COPD susceptibility and associated clinical parameters in the North Indian population. This was a cross-sectional study involving 200 COPD patients and 200 healthy individuals, with peripheral blood sampling and adequate questionnaires. Multiplex PCR was used for genotyping GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals to assess the COPD risk and GST polymorphisms. The GSTT1 gene deletion rate was higher in COPD cases (34.5%) than in healthy individuals (20.5%). A statistical relationship between the GSTT1(-) null genotype and COPD risk was observed (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.30-3.20, P = 0.0019). After adjusting for covariates like age, sex and smoking status, a significant association was found for GSTT1(-) null genotype and COPD risk (adjusted odds ratio = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.43-5.87, P = 0.003). The GSTT1(-) genotype was also significantly correlated with clinical parameters for COPD risk. Another primary observation was that females with the GSTT1(-) null genotype were more vulnerable to COPD than males with the same gene deletion. The GSTT1(-) null genotype strongly correlates with COPD development, while no association was observed in the GSTM1(-) null genotype in the North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Yadav
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical CollegeTB & Chest Diseases HospitalPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Depanshi Pandit
- Department of BiotechnologyThapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Sidhartha Singh
- Department of BiotechnologyThapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of BiotechnologyThapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Kranti Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical CollegeTB & Chest Diseases HospitalPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Nidhi Girdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical CollegeTB & Chest Diseases HospitalPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Karan Sharma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical CollegeTB & Chest Diseases HospitalPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Vishal Chopra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical CollegeTB & Chest Diseases HospitalPatialaPunjabIndia
| | - Siddharth Chopra
- Department of Internal MedicineSt. Joseph Mercy Oakland HospitalPontiacMichiganUSA
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of BiotechnologyThapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjabIndia
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Clinical factors affecting prostate-specific antigen levels in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: a retrospective study. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO643. [PMID: 33552540 PMCID: PMC7849947 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can be influenced by some routinely available clinical factors, a retrospective study was conducted to explore the influence of obesity, smoking habit, heavy drinking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on PSA levels in men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer. Patients & methods: We reviewed the medical records of 833 prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Results: Serum PSA levels at the time of surgery were not associated with either BMI or history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heavy drinking. Conversely, PSA levels were associated with smoking status. Conclusion: Among the clinical factors explored in this homogeneous population, only tobacco use was associated with PSA levels, which should be considered when using PSA-based screening in male smokers. Smokers with prostate cancer tend to show higher PSA levels at the time of radical prostatectomy. As higher PSA levels are associated with a worse prognosis, smoking habit may have a prognostic value in prostate cancer. Further studies are required to explore the underlying biology of this finding.
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Kirtipal N, Thakur H, Sobti RC. Insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study on north Indian population. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 8:167-170. [PMID: 32042834 PMCID: PMC6995333 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2019.34904.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the ACE (insertion/deletion) gene association as key factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development in north Indian population. A total of 200 clinically diagnosed patients with COPD were selected against 200 healthy individuals. Genetic variations of ACE (insertion/deletion) were evaluated by using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Smoker showed higher risk of COPD (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.12-2.48, P=0.012). Present results revealed the positive association between the DD genotype and the risk of COPD (OR= 2.14, 95% CI=1.22-3.78, P=0.006). Among smokers, DD genotype showed statistically significant association with increased risk of COPD (OR=3.10, 95% CI= 1.50-6.47, P=0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kirtipal
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.,Department of Biotechnology, SUSCET, Tangori, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Hitender Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.,Department of Biotechnology, SUSCET, Tangori, Punjab-140306, India
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Hsu WL, Chen HY, Chang FW, Hsu RJ. Does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase the risk of prostate cancer? A nationwide population-based study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1913-1921. [PMID: 31686802 PMCID: PMC6709785 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s210975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major pulmonary disease. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between COPD and prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to investigate the association between COPD severity and PCa risk. Patients and methods We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study utilizing data from 2001 to 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Cox proportional hazards models with 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis were used to investigate the association between COPD and PCa risk. We further divided the COPD group according to severe complications (including acute respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, pneumonia, and acute exacerbation) to test for the relationship between COPD severity and PCa risk. Results This study included 47,634 patients (23,817 COPD patients and 23,817 matched non-COPD controls). Among them, 756 (1.59%) were diagnosed with PCa during a mean follow-up period of 7.05±4.13 years; 387 (1.62%) were from the COPD group and 369 (1.55%) were from the control group. Compared with the patients without COPD, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PCa in the COPD patients was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.27), while that in the COPD patients with complications was 2.46 (95% CI 1.96–3.61). Conclusions An increased risk for PCa was found among the COPD patients with complications. COPD complications included acute respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, pneumonia, and acute exacerbation. These findings may help physicians in treating COPD with complications and in remaining alert to the potential development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Penghu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Cancer Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Ha Chung B, Horie S, Chiong E. The incidence, mortality, and risk factors of prostate cancer in Asian men. Prostate Int 2018; 7:1-8. [PMID: 30937291 PMCID: PMC6424686 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to describe the epidemiology and risk factors of prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian populations. English language publications published over the last 10 years covering studies on the incidence, mortality, and risk factors of PCa in Asia were reviewed. The incidence of PCa in Asia is rising but is still significantly lower than that in Western countries. Studies in Asia indicated that the consumption of red meat, fat, dairy, and eggs was associated with a higher risk for PCa. Age and family history were also found to be risk factors. The emergence of genetic data indicates that different genetic backgrounds between Asian and Western populations play a role in the observed differences in PCa incidence. The lower incidence of PCa in Asian men than in Western men may in part be due to a lack of systematic prostate-specific antigen screening, but environmental and genetic factors also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Chung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2 Chome-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore
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Benabdelkrim M, Djeffal O, Berredjem H. GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study of the Algerian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2853-2858. [PMID: 30362312 PMCID: PMC6291025 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.10.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality
levels. Advanced age, androgen stimulation, and ethnicity have been reported to be possible risk factors. It has been
suggested that particular genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GST), xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes,
could predispose to prostate cancer through heritable deficiency in detoxification of environmental carcinogens.
Conflicts in the published results and the absence of similar in depth studies in Algeria prompted us to perform the
present case-control study of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and their possible association with PCa in an Algerian
population. Methods: We determined GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes for 49 histologically verified prostate cancer
patients and in 41 age-matched healthy controls by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using peripheral blood
DNA samples. Result: While an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and PCa risk (OR= 3.69, 95% CI=
1.30-10.44; P = 0.01) was evident, the GSTT1 null genotype (OR= 0.92, 95% IC= 0.32-2.62; P = 0.49) appeared without
influence. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences between the double null genotype and PCa is detected,
also no statistically significant differences between smoking status and PCa is detected. Conclusion: The GSTM1 null
genotype may increase individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. On the other hand, the null-activity genotype of
GSTT1 did not appear to contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Benabdelkrim
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Algeria.
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Lin HW, Lin LF, Chen HC, Liou TH, Huang SW. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with short-acting inhaled pharmacotherapy increases the risk of prostate cancer: A two-stage database approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203377. [PMID: 30188953 PMCID: PMC6126830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at a higher risk of many types of cancer. However, specific investigation of the risk of prostate cancer and the influence of COPD pharmacotherapy in patients with COPD is lacking. This study investigated the risk and influence of COPD pharmacotherapy on risk of prostate cancer in patients with COPD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005). The study cohort comprised COPD patients who received treatment between 2004 and 2008, and who were identified from the LHID2005. The control cohort comprised patients without COPD and was matched to the study cohort by age and sex. Two-stage propensity score calibration with the National Health Interview Survey 2005 was performed to obtain the missing confounders of smoking, alcohol drinking, and body mass index in the LHID. The hazard ratio (HR) and adjusted HR were estimated. Moreover, the influence of inhaled medications and other related medication on the risk of prostate cancer was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS The COPD cohort comprised 12,774 patients, and the control cohort comprised 38,322 patients (1:3). The incidence of prostate cancer was 633 per 100,000 person-years in the COPD cohort and 361 per 100,000 person-years in the control cohort. The propensity score calibration-adjusted HR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.40-1.87, p < 0.001) in the COPD cohort. Further analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for the risk of prostate cancer was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.19-2.16, p = 0.002) in patients with COPD who used short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.40-2.54, p < 0.001) in patients with COPD who used short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs). COPD patients had lower risk of prostate cancer when using statin (HR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.45-0.89, p = 0.010) or aspirin (HR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.35-0.85, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Patients with COPD are at a higher risk of prostate cancer, particularly those using SAMAs or SABAs. This finding suggests that inflammation control may be an effective strategy for decreasing the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Mathematics, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Gerontology and Health Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Ding Z, Wang K, Li J, Tan Q, Tan W, Guo G. Association between glutathione S‐transferase gene M1 and T1 polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: A meta‐analysis. Clin Genet 2018; 95:53-62. [PMID: 29704242 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ding
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
| | - K. Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
| | - Q. Tan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
| | - W. Tan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
| | - G. Guo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWeifang People's Hospital Weifang China
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Callaghan CM, Wang L, Alluri A, Lauve A, Boyer C, Russell W. Low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: 4-8 week postimplant prostate-specific antigen a novel predictor of biochemical failure-free survival. Brachytherapy 2017; 16:1119-1128. [PMID: 28844821 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between patient, disease, and treatment variables and biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) following low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (LDR-BT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Data from 624 consecutive patients who received LDR-BT for localized prostate cancer between 2002 and 2012 at a single institution were collected for various patient, disease, and treatment characteristics including a 4-8 week postimplant PSA (4-8wkPSA). Subgroup analysis was stratified by risk category and treatment regimen. Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs), and receiver-operator characteristic curves. RESULTS A total of 624 consecutive patients were included with followup time of 4.0 ± 3.1 years. Predictors of bFFS included PSA nadir and 4-8wkPSA (HR = 2.48, p = 0.000 and HR = 1.24, p = 0.000, respectively) for total population. Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.000), alcohol use (p = 0.024), and age (p = 0.002) were predictors for specific subgroups. Receiver-operator characteristic curves 4-8wkPSA were found to be significant (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION 4-8wkPSA is a novel predictor of bFFS for patients receiving LDR-BT across several risk categories and treatment regimens with potential clinical utility as a prognostic indicator. Certain comorbidities and exposure histories also demonstrated significant relationships with bFFS including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, age, alcohol history, proton pump inhibitor use, PSA nadir, and PSA density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Wang
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Abhishek Alluri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baton Rouge General Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Andrew Lauve
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pennington Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Cynthia Boyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pennington Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - William Russell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pennington Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Long-term allopurinol use decreases the risk of prostate cancer in patients with gout: a population-based study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:328-333. [PMID: 28398294 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations indicated an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in gout patients. Chronic inflammation is postulated to be one crucial mechanism for prostate carcinogenesis. Allopurinol, a widely used antigout agent, possesses potent anti-inflammation capacity. We elucidated whether allopurinol decreases the risk of prostate cancer in gout patients. METHODS We analyzed data retrieved from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between January 2000 and December 2012. Patients diagnosed with gout during the study period with no history of prostate cancer and who had never used allopurinol were selected. Four allopurinol use cohorts (that is, allopurinol use (>365 days), allopurinol use (181-365 days), allopurinol use (91-180 days) and allopurinol use (31-90 days)) and one cohort without using allopurinol (that is, allopurinol use (No)) were included. The study end point was the diagnosis of new-onset prostate cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and propensity score-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between the risk of prostate cancer and allopurinol treatment in gout patients after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 25 770 gout patients (aged between 40 and 100 years) were included. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk of developing prostate cancer in the allopurinol use (>365 days) cohort was significantly lower than the allopurinol use (No) cohort (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.45-0.9, P=0.011). After propensity score adjustment, the trend remained the same (adjusted HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.46-0.93, P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Long-term (more than 1 year) allopurinol use may associate with a decreased risk of prostate cancer in gout patients.
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Crotty Alexander LE, Shin S, Hwang JH. Inflammatory Diseases of the Lung Induced by Conventional Cigarette Smoke: A Review. Chest 2016; 148:1307-1322. [PMID: 26135024 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking-induced lung diseases were extremely rare prior to the 20th century. With commercialization and introduction of machine-made cigarettes, worldwide use skyrocketed and several new pulmonary diseases have been recognized. The majority of pulmonary diseases caused by cigarette smoke (CS) are inflammatory in origin. Airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages have altered inflammatory signaling in response to CS, which leads to recruitment of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the lungs-depending on the signaling pathway (nuclear factor-κB, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activated. Multiple proteins are upregulated and secreted in response to CS exposure, and many of these have immunomodulatory activities that contribute to disease pathogenesis. In particular, metalloproteases 9 and 12, surfactant protein D, antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and human β defensin 2), and IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 have been found in higher quantities in the lungs of smokers with ongoing inflammation. However, many underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced inflammatory diseases are not yet known. We review here the known cellular and molecular mechanisms of CS-induced diseases, including COPD, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chronic rhinosinusitis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and chronic bacterial infections. We also discuss inflammation induced by secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure and the pulmonary diseases that result. New targeted antiinflammatory therapeutic options are currently under investigation and hopefully will yield promising results for the treatment of these highly prevalent smoking-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA..
| | - Stephanie Shin
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John H Hwang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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12
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Wang Y, He J, Ma TJ, Lei W, Li F, Shen H, Shen ZY. GSTT1 Null Genotype Significantly Increases the Susceptibility to Urinary System Cancer: Evidences from 63,876 Subjects. J Cancer 2016; 7:1680-1693. [PMID: 27698905 PMCID: PMC5039389 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GSTT1 gene plays an important role in detoxification and clearance of reactive oxygen species(ROS). A null variant in this gene has been demonstrated to confer cancer susceptibility. Although many studies have demonstrated the association between GSTT1 null polymorphism and urinary system cancer susceptibility, several publications reported opposite conclusions. For better understanding the effects of this polymorphism on the risk of urinary system cancer, a updated meta-analysis was performed with a total of 26,666 cases and 37,210 controls extracted from 117 studies, by following the latest meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). The results suggested that the GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of urinary system cancer (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.05-1.22). Furthermore, stratified analyses by the type of cancer, ethnicity, source of control and quality score presented a significantly increased risk associated with GSTT1 null genotype in bladder and prostate cancer subgroup, Caucasians and Indians subgroup, population-based(PB) subgroup, medium quality and low quality subgroup. Overall, our meta-analysis suggested that GSTT1 null genotype is a potential cancer susceptibility variant. Well-designed and large-cohort studies are needed to confirm the association between GSTT1 null genotype and urinary system cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing He
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Zhen-Ya Shen, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
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Wang ZY, Li HY, Jiang Z, Zhou TB, Drummen GPC. GSTM1 Gene Polymorphism is Implicated in Increased Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer in Caucasians and Asians. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:NP69-NP78. [PMID: 26614779 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615617650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Published reports on the relationship between GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk are heterogeneous in their conclusions, and the significance of these polymorphisms is still debated. This meta-analysis was performed to attempt to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance in order to obtain a better evaluation of the association between GSTM1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. The association investigations were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and China Biological Medicine Database on March 1, 2014. Forty-three reports were recruited into this meta-analysis that contained data from 6741 patients and 9053 controls. There was a marked association between the GSTM1 null genotype and prostate cancer risk in the overall population (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-1.60, P <00001), caucasians (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.79, P <0001) and Asians (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-2.27, P = .005). However, the GSTM1 null genotype was not associated with prostate cancer risk in Africans (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.53-1.13, P = 0.19) and African Americans (odds ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.69-1.45, P = 0.99). In conclusion, GSTM1 null genotype was a risk factor to predict the prostate cancer risk in the overall population, Caucasians, and Asians. Although compelling, limitations inherent to meta-analysis, study design of the individual studies, and most importantly, possible gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, as well as the potential involvement of glutathione S-transferases in multiple cellular processes make drawing definite conclusions difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yang Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongpei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregor P C Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, Bielefeld, Germany
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Chung J, Kwon SO, Ahn H, Hwang H, Hong SJ, Oh SY. Association between Dietary Patterns and Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms in Young Children. Nutrients 2015; 7:9440-52. [PMID: 26580648 PMCID: PMC4663601 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms or diet, but no interactions between these factors in atopic dermatitis (AD). We conducted a community-based case-control study including 194 AD and 244 matched non-AD preschoolers. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) present/null genotypes were evaluated uisng a multiplex PCR method. We measured dietary intakes by a validated food frequency questionnaire and constructed three dietary patterns such as “traditional healthy”, “animal foods”, and “sweets” diets. In stratified analyses by GST genotypes, the “traditional healthy” diet and reduced AD showed association only in the GSTM1-present group (odd ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.75). A similar pattern of the association existed in the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype that indicated the inverse association between the “traditional healthy” diet and AD in the double GSTM1/T1-present genotype group (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.93). Results from the multiplicative test analyses showed that the “traditional healthy” diet on reduced AD was significant or borderline significant in the GSTM1-present group (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92 vs. GSTM1-null group) or the GSTM1/T1 double present group (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.03 vs. GSTM1/T1 double null group). These findings demonstrate that the present type of GSTM1 may increase susceptibility to the potential effect of the “traditional healthy” diet on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayong Chung
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Ok Kwon
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyogin Ahn
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyojung Hwang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine 13, Gangdong-daero, Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05535, Korea.
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Walia GK, Vellakkal R, Gupta V. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Non-Smoking Risk Factors in India. COPD 2015; 13:251-61. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1057807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Zhou TB, Drummen GPC, Jiang ZP, Qin YH. GSTT1 polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:1-10. [PMID: 24907267 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible association between glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer is currently hotly debated, but evidence from various epidemiologic studies remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess whether an association between GSTT1 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, as well as to identify patterns in various studies. The association reports were identified from the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library on March 1, 2013, and data from eligible studies (from 1999-2012) were synthesized. Thirty-eight reports were included in this meta-analysis on the association of the null genotype of GSTT1 with prostate cancer risk. No solid association between the GSTT1 null genotype and prostate cancer risk could be established for the overall population (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.27; P = 0.13). However, the GSTT1 null genotype was distinctly associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.48, P = 0.02). In conclusion, the GSTT1 null genotype is associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians, but not in the overall population.
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate gene association studies of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Eur Urol 2014; 66:752-68. [PMID: 24491308 PMCID: PMC4410299 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Context Although family studies have shown that male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly heritable, no systematic review exists of genetic polymorphisms tested for association with LUTS. Objective To systematically review and meta-analyze studies assessing candidate polymorphisms/genes tested for an association with LUTS, and to assess the strength, consistency, and potential for bias among pooled associations. Evidence acquisition A systematic search of the PubMed and HuGE databases as well as abstracts of major urologic meetings was performed through to January 2013. Case-control studies reporting genetic associations in men with LUTS were included. Reviewers independently and in duplicate screened titles, abstracts, and full texts to determine eligibility, abstracted data, and assessed the credibility of pooled associations according to the interim Venice criteria. Authors were contacted for clarifications if needed. Meta-analyses were performed for variants assessed in more than two studies. Evidence synthesis We identified 74 eligible studies containing data on 70 different genes. A total of 35 meta-analyses were performed with statistical significance in five (ACE, ELAC2, GSTM1, TERT, and VDR). The heterogeneity was high in three of these meta-analyses. The rs731236 variant of the vitamin D receptor had a protective effect for LUTS (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.83) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 27.2%). No evidence for publication bias was identified. Limitations include wide-ranging phenotype definitions for LUTS and limited power in most meta-analyses to detect smaller effect sizes. Conclusions Few putative genetic risk variants have been reliably replicated across populations. We found consistent evidence of a reduced risk of LUTS associated with the common rs731236 variant of the vitamin D receptor gene in our meta-analyses. Patient summary Combining the results from all previous studies of genetic variants that may cause urinary symptoms in men, we found significant variants in five genes. Only one, a variant of the vitamin D receptor, was consistently protective across different populations.
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Dhaini HR, Kobeissi L. Toxicogenetic profile and cancer risk in Lebanese. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:95-125. [PMID: 24627976 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.878679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) were identified among different ethnic groups. Some of these polymorphisms are associated with an increased cancer risk, while others remain equivocal. However, there is sufficient evidence that these associations become significant in populations overexposed to environmental carcinogens. Hence, genetic differences in expression activity of both Phase I and Phase II enzymes may affect cancer risk in exposed populations. In Lebanon, there has been a marked rise in reported cancer incidence since the 1990s. There are also indicators of exposure to unusually high levels of environmental pollutants and carcinogens in the country. This review considers this high cancer incidence by exploring a potential gene-environment model based on available DME polymorphism prevalence, and their impact on bladder, colorectal, prostate, breast, and lung cancer in the Lebanese population. The examined DME include glutathione S-transferases (GST), N-acetyltransferases (NAT), and cytochromes P-450 (CYP). Data suggest that these DME influence bladder cancer risk in the Lebanese population. Evidence indicates that identification of a gene-environment interaction model may help in defining future research priorities and preventive cancer control strategies in this country, particularly for breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R Dhaini
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Balamand , Beirut , Lebanon
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Zhou HF, Feng X, Zheng BS, Qian J, He W. A meta-analysis of the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer including 31802 subjects. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5713-21. [PMID: 24072652 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer from the published reports are still conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between GSTT1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer using meta-analysis method. The association studies were identified from PubMed, and Cochrane Library on July 1, 2012, and eligible investigations were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. 51 reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of null genotype of GSTT1 with lung cancer susceptibility, consisting of 15,140 patients with lung cancer and 16,662 controls. There was a marked association between GSTT1 null genotype and lung cancer risk in overall populations (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI 1.04-1.27, P = 0.007). Furthermore, GSTT1 null genotype was associated with the lung cancer risk in Asians (OR = 1.47, 95 % CI 1.23-1.76, P < 0.0001). However, GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in Caucasians, Brazilian population and Africans. In conclusion, GSTT1 null genotype is associated with the lung cancer in overall populations and in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fu Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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Cai Q, Wang Z, Zhang W, Guo X, Shang Z, Jiang N, Tian J, Niu Y. Association between glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:247-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2539-44. [PMID: 23817691 PMCID: PMC3785708 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes are involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to define the effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes on prostate cancer risk in Asians. We searched the PubMed and Wanfang Medical databases to identify published case-control studies investigating the associations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of prostate cancer in Asians. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) from individual studies were pooled using fixed or random effects models according to the heterogeneity. There were 18 studies (2,046 cases, 2,876 controls) on GSTM1 polymorphism, 15 studies (1,677 cases, 2,431 controls) on GSTT1 polymorphism, and 6 studies (675 cases, 853 controls) on GSTM1/GSTT1 interaction analysis. Overall, GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (random effects OR 1.80, 95 % CI 1.48-2.18, P < 0.001), and GSTT1 null genotype was also significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (random effects OR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.10-1.80, P < 0.001). In addition, the GSTM1/GSTT dual null genotype was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer in Asians (random effects OR 2.14, 95 % CI 1.59-2.89, P = 0.007). In conclusion, GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians, and GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are risk factors for the development of prostate cancer.
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Association of GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer: an updating meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1431-40. [PMID: 23456766 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily helps remove carcinogens from the body and thus might be associated with prostate cancer risk. In recent years, GSTT1 polymorphism has been extensively studied as a potential prostate cancer risk factor; however, the results are inconsistent. To investigate the association between GSTT1 and prostate cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies with 6,697 prostate patients and 7,643 controls. For GSTM1 null versus present genotype, the random effects odds ratio was 0.98 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.83-1.16) based on a wide population. Subgroup analyses in the different ethnic groups and different controls were performed. The OR was 1.01 (95 % CI 0.86-1.19) in Caucasians, 1.01 (95 % CI 0.70-1.47) in Asians, and 0.77 (95 % CI 0.42-1.42) in Africans. The OR was 0.98 (95 % CI 0.82-1.16) in non-benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) controls and 1.09 (95 % CI 0.66-1.79) in BPH controls. In conclusion, our present meta-analysis demonstrates that there is no association between GSTT1 polymorphism and prostate cancer, even in the sub-analysis concerning different races and control sources. The direction of further research should focus not only on the simple relationship of GSTT1 and prostate cancer but also on gene-environment interaction and distinctions of different GSTs.
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Marengoni A, Nobili A, Pirali C, Tettamanti M, Pasina L, Salerno F, Corrao S, Iorio A, Marcucci M, Franchi C, Mannucci PM. Comparison of disease clusters in two elderly populations hospitalized in 2008 and 2010. Gerontology 2013; 59:307-15. [PMID: 23364029 DOI: 10.1159/000346353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As chronicity represents one of the major challenges in the healthcare of aging populations, the understanding of how chronic diseases distribute and co-occur in this part of the population is needed. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare patterns of diseases identified with cluster analysis in two samples of hospitalized elderly. METHODS Data were obtained from the multicenter 'Registry Politerapie SIMI (REPOSI)' that included people aged 65 or older hospitalized in internal medicine and geriatric wards in Italy during 2008 and 2010. The study sample from the first wave included 1,411 subjects enrolled in 38 hospitals wards, whereas the second wave included 1,380 subjects in 66 wards located in different regions of Italy. To analyze patterns of multimorbidity, a cluster analysis was performed including the same diseases (19 chronic conditions with a prevalence >5%) collected at hospital discharge during the two waves of the registry. RESULTS Eight clusters of diseases were identified in the first wave of the REPOSI registry and six in the second wave. Several diseases were included in similar clusters in the two waves, such as malignancy and liver cirrhosis; anemia, gastric and intestinal diseases; diabetes and coronary heart disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prostate hypertrophy. CONCLUSION These findings strengthened the idea of an association other than by chance of diseases in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marengoni
- Geriatric Unit, Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Yang Q, Du J, Yao X. Significant association of Glutathione S-transferase T1 null genotype with prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 26,393 subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53700. [PMID: 23365641 PMCID: PMC3554715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies on the association between Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods Data were collected from the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. We summarized the data on the association between GSTT1 null genotype and risk of prostate cancer in the overall population, and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity, adjusted ORs, and types of controls. Results Ultimately, a total of 43 studies with a total of 26,393 subjects (9,934 cases and 16,459 controls) were eligible for meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.14, 95%CI 1.01–1.29, P = 0.034). Meta-analysis of adjusted ORs also showed a significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.09–1.64, P = 0.006). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and types of controls. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that GSTT1 null genotype is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, and GSTT1 null genotype contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
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Choubey VK, Sankhwar SN, Tewari R, Sankhwar P, Singh BP, Rajender S. Null genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Prostate 2013; 73:146-52. [PMID: 22692893 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age related non-malignant disease diagnosed as lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement. Null genotypes in drug detoxification glutathione-S-transferase genes/enzymes, such as GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been reported to increase risk of several cancers including prostate. Meta-analysis on PC also suggested significant impact of GSTM1 null genotype but not that of GSTT1; however, BPH data have not been subjected to meta-analysis. METHODS We investigated GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes in 429 subjects which included 244 BPH, 51 prostate cancer (PC) patients, and 134 control subjects to find if null genotype in any of the two genes increased the risk of BPH/PC. We also performed a quantitative meta-analysis on 888 BPH cases and 793 controls for GSTM1 and on 890 BPH cases and 793 controls for GSTT1 to assess overall consensus about the impact of null genotypes on BPH risk. RESULTS We did not find any significant difference in the distribution of genotypes of either of the two genes between BPH/PC cases and controls; however, double deletion (GSTM1 null + GSTT1 null) increased BPH risk, significantly. Upon meta-analysis, null genotype of GSTM1 but not that of GSTT1 appeared to strongly affect BPH risk. CONCLUSIONS In our population, null genotypes of either GSTM1 or GSTT1 do not appear to affect BPH risk; however, the double deletion was significantly associated with BPH. Meta-analysis suggested significant influence of GSTM1 null genotype but not that of GSTT1 on BPH risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar Choubey
- Department of Urology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Abstract
Background and Objectives The GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms might be involved in inactivation of procarcinogens that contribute to the genesis and progression of cancers. However, studies investigating the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk report conflicting results, therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-examine the controversy. Methods Published literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched (updated to June 2, 2012). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms. Results Fifty-seven studies involving 11313 cases and 12934 controls were recruited. The overall OR, which was 1.2854 (95% CI = 1.1405–1.4487), revealed a significant risk of PCa and GSTM1 null genotype, and the similar results were observed when stratified by ethnicity and control source. Further, the more important is that the present study first reported the high risks of PCa for people who with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 (OR = 1.4353, 95% CI = 1.0345–1.9913), or who with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.7335, 95% CI = 1.1067–2.7152). But no association was determined between GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 1.102, 95% CI = 0.9596–1.2655) or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.0845, 95% CI = 0.96–1.2251) and the PCa risk. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that the people with GSTM1 null genotype, with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1, or with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism are associated with high risks of PCa, but no association was found between GSTT1 null genotype or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism and the risk of PCa. Further rigorous analytical studies are highly expected to confirm our conclusions and assess gene-environment interactions with PCa risk.
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Wei B, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Ruan J, Cheng H, Xi B, Zhu M, Jin K, Zhou D, Hu Q, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yan Z, Xuan F, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhou H. Association of GSTM1 null allele with prostate cancer risk: evidence from 36 case-control studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46982. [PMID: 23071687 PMCID: PMC3468624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is thought to be involved in detoxifying several carcinogens and may play a vital role in tumorigenesis. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between GSTM1 null/present polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the results remain inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible case-control studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The overall association was significant (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48, P = 0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses showed GSTM1 null genotype significantly associated with PCa risk among Asians (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78, P = 0.03) but not among Caucasians (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.96-1.31, P = 0.16). In addition, we did not find that smoking modified the genotype effect on the risk of PCa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present meta-analysis suggested that GSTM1 null allele was a low-penetrant risk factor for PCa among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuoqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - You Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Deqi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Xuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Pan ZJ, Huang WJ, Zou ZH, Gao XC. The GSTT1 Null Genotype Contributes to Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer in Asians: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2635-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Xue H, Su J, Sun K, Xie W, Wang H. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphism and COPD risk in smokers: an updated analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5033-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Combinatorial effect of TIMP-1 and α1AT gene polymorphisms on development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1067-1073. [PMID: 21763297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of α(1)AT and TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms in development of COPD. DESIGN AND METHODS Blood samples from total 408 subjects (217 COPD patients and 191 controls) were used for genotyping and estimating biolevels of α(1)AT, TIMP-1 and inflammatory cytokines. Data was analyzed to determine the role of interaction of TIMP-1 and α(1)AT genes; and interplay between various genotypes and biolevels of α(1)AT, TIMP-1 and inflammatory cytokines in development of COPD. RESULTS Significantly low levels of α(1)AT and TIMP-1 were observed in COPD patients as compared to controls (P = 0.001), where as the inflammatory cytokines were found to be increased in patients. PIM3 allele of α(1)AT gene in COPD patients was found to be associated with low levels of α(1)AT (P = 0.001), the effect being more pronounced when PIM3 combined with rs6609533 of TIMP-1 gene (P = 0.0001). Combination of genotypes rs6609533 of TIMP-1 and PIM3 of α(1)AT containing the risk alleles was over-represented in patients (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION The SNP rs6609533 of TIMP-1 gene interacted with PIM3 of α(1)AT to make a possible risk combination for development of COPD.
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Lakhdar R, Denden S, Kassab A, Leban N, Knani J, Lefranc G, Miled A, Chibani JB, Khelil AH. Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of antioxidant and metabolizing gene polymorphisms. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:364-75. [PMID: 21721950 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.580416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by systemic and local chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The sources of the increased oxidative stress in COPD patients derive from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoke and other forms of particulate or gaseous air pollution and from the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by several inflammatory, immune, and structural airways cells. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors may also contribute to the pathogenesis if COPD, particularly antioxidant genes, which may confer a susceptibility to environmental insults such as cigarette smoke and thereafter development of COPD. Consequently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genetic polymorphisms may have an important role in COPD pathogenesis. In this review the authors summarized the most recent findings dealing with these antioxidant genes contributing to the free radical neutralization and xenobiotic enzymes playing a role in different phases of cell detoxification reactions related to the redox status imbalance in COPD, with an emphasis on their possible roles in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Lakhdar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
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An L, Yang T, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Zhang H, Jiao X, Hua L, Dai H, Wang C. Association of SERPINE2 gene with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and spirometric phenotypes in northern Han Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1427-33. [PMID: 21611750 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex human disease influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. The SERPINE2 gene has recently been demonstrated to be associated with COPD onset in a non-East Asian population. In this study, we genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SERPINE2 from 310 cases and 203 controls, all of which belong to the Han from North China. Genotype frequencies were compared between the cases and the controls and analyzed for statistical significance. Two SNPs (rs729631 and rs975278), which are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and locate in block 1 on the LD map of our samples, showed significant association both with the risk of COPD and decline in baseline lung function after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05). This study provides further evidences for SERPINE2 gene as a COPD susceptible gene, and block 1 of SERPINE2 appears to be the genetic variant region that affects the Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-yang District, Beijing 100020, China
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The association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:685-91. [PMID: 21553222 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Relationship of gastric cancer with the GSTM1 polymorphism was reported with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed and references of retrieved articles. A meta-analysis was performed, which included 38 studies with 6,605 gastric cancer cases and 11,311 controls. The combined result based on all studies showed there was a significant link between GSTM1 null genotype and gastric cancer (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.08-1.34). When stratifying for the race, the phenomenon was found that gastric cancer case had a significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype than control in Asians (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.10-1.47). However, there was not enough evidence to show there was a significant difference in GSTM1 null genotype distribution between gastric cancer case and control in Caucasians (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.96-1.32). This meta-analysis indicated that GSTM1 null genotype might be associated with increased gastric cancer risk in Asians. However, this meta-analysis did not provide an evidence of confirming association between GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Caucasians.
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Lack of association between GSTT1 polymorphism and endogenous or benzo[a]pyrene-induced sister chromatid exchanges as analyzed in metaphase or G2-phase lymphocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3959-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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