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Appiah CO, Singh M, May L, Bakshi I, Vaidyanathan A, Dent P, Ginder G, Grant S, Bear H, Landry J. The epigenetic regulation of cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:337-385. [PMID: 36990536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is the elimination of disease from patients. Most directly, this occurs through therapy-induced cell death. Therapy-induced growth arrest can also be a desirable outcome, if prolonged. Unfortunately, therapy-induced growth arrest is rarely durable and the recovering cell population can contribute to cancer recurrence. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that eliminate residual cancer cells reduce opportunities for recurrence. Recovery can occur through diverse mechanisms including quiescence or diapause, exit from senescence, suppression of apoptosis, cytoprotective autophagy, and reductive divisions resulting from polyploidy. Epigenetic regulation of the genome represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism integral to cancer-specific biology, including the recovery from therapy. Epigenetic pathways are particularly attractive therapeutic targets because they are reversible, without changes in DNA, and are catalyzed by druggable enzymes. Previous use of epigenetic-targeting therapies in combination with cancer therapeutics has not been widely successful because of either unacceptable toxicity or limited efficacy. The use of epigenetic-targeting therapies after a significant interval following initial cancer therapy could potentially reduce the toxicity of combination strategies, and possibly exploit essential epigenetic states following therapy exposure. This review examines the feasibility of targeting epigenetic mechanisms using a sequential approach to eliminate residual therapy-arrested populations, that might possibly prevent recovery and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana O Appiah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren May
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ishita Bakshi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashish Vaidyanathan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gordon Ginder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Harry Bear
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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COP1 Acts as a Ubiquitin Ligase for PCDH9 Ubiquitination and Degradation in Human Glioma. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2378-2388. [PMID: 35084653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1, also known as RFWD2), a ring-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has suggested that COP1 plays a role in tumorigenesis by triggering the ubiquitination and degradation of its substrates, but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, COP1 was used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid experiment to screen COP1-interacting proteins in a human brain cDNA library, and the results indicated that protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) was a potential binding protein of COP1. The interaction between and colocalization of COP1 and PCDH9 was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay and immunofluorescent staining. Subsequently, we demonstrated that COP1 acted as an E3 ligase to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of PCDH9 through the proteasome pathway in glioma cells. Furthermore, we identified that the type of COP1 mediated PCDH9 ubiquitination was Lys48-linked polyubiquitination. Finally, we found that the COP1 protein level was inversely correlated with the PCDH9 protein level in human glioma tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that COP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCDH9 and reveal an important mechanism for PCDH9 regulation in human glioma.
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Grabowicz IE, Wilczyński B, Kamińska B, Roura AJ, Wojtaś B, Dąbrowski MJ. The role of epigenetic modifications, long-range contacts, enhancers and topologically associating domains in the regulation of glioma grade-specific genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15668. [PMID: 34341417 PMCID: PMC8329071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have uncovered specific genetic alterations, transcriptomic patterns and epigenetic profiles associated with different glioma types. We have recently created a unique atlas encompassing genome-wide profiles of open chromatin, histone H3K27ac and H3Kme3 modifications, DNA methylation and transcriptomes of 33 glioma samples of different grades. Here, we intersected genome-wide atlas data with topologically associating domains (TADs) and demonstrated that the chromatin organization and epigenetic landscape of enhancers have a strong impact on genes differentially expressed in WHO low grade versus high grade gliomas. We identified TADs enriched in glioma grade-specific genes and/or epigenetic marks. We found the set of transcription factors, including REST, E2F1 and NFKB1, that are most likely to regulate gene expression in multiple TADs, containing specific glioma-related genes. Moreover, many genes associated with the cell-matrix adhesion Gene Ontology group, in particular 14 PROTOCADHERINs, were found to be regulated by long-range contacts with enhancers. Presented results demonstrate the existence of epigenetic differences associated with chromatin organization driving differential gene expression in gliomas of different malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Grabowicz
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartek Wilczyński
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Kamińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adria-Jaume Roura
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał J Dąbrowski
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Autoencoded DNA methylation data to predict breast cancer recurrence: Machine learning models and gene-weight significance. Artif Intell Med 2020; 110:101976. [PMID: 33250148 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and the second most frequent overall after lung cancer. Although the 5-year survival rate of breast cancer is relatively high, recurrence is also common which often involves metastasis with its consequent threat for patients. DNA methylation-derived databases have become an interesting primary source for supervised knowledge extraction regarding breast cancer. Unfortunately, the study of DNA methylation involves the processing of hundreds of thousands of features for every patient. DNA methylation is featured by High Dimension Low Sample Size which has shown well-known issues regarding feature selection and generation. Autoencoders (AEs) appear as a specific technique for conducting nonlinear feature fusion. Our main objective in this work is to design a procedure to summarize DNA methylation by taking advantage of AEs. Our proposal is able to generate new features from the values of CpG sites of patients with and without recurrence. Then, a limited set of relevant genes to characterize breast cancer recurrence is proposed by the application of survival analysis and a pondered ranking of genes according to the distribution of their CpG sites. To test our proposal we have selected a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal and an AE with a single-hidden layer. The literature and enrichment analysis (based on genomic context and functional annotation) conducted regarding the genes obtained with our experiment confirmed that all of these genes were related to breast cancer recurrence.
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Thanh Nha Uyen L, Amano Y, Al-Kzayer LFY, Kubota N, Kobayashi J, Nakazawa Y, Koike K, Sakashita K. PCDH17 functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in acute leukemia and its transcriptional downregulation is mediated primarily by aberrant histone acetylation, not DNA methylation. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:451-462. [PMID: 31865541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that methylation of PCDH17 gene is found in 30% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and is significantly correlated to event-free or overall survival. We here evaluated PCDH17 mRNA expression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ALL. PCDH17 mRNA expression levels in children with ALL/AML were lower than those in healthy counterparts. We next elucidated the mechanism underlying down-regulation of PCDH17 mRNA, using myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cell lines. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in restoration of PCDH17 mRNA expression and growth inhibition in K562, HL60, REH, and RCH-ACV cell lines. Upregulation of PCDH17 mRNA expression resulted from histone H3 acetylation. Knockdown of the PCDH17 gene, caused by transduction of PCDH17-targeted shRNA, significantly enhanced the proliferation of KU812 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of PCDH17 via retroviral-particle transfection substantially inhibited the growth of Kasumi1 cells. The fold-increase in PCDH17 mRNA expression mediated by 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, was fundamentally lower than that produced by TSA. In conclusion, our results suggest that PCDH17 gene functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in leukemic cells, and that histone deacetylase inhibitors re-express PCDH17 mRNA to a greater extent than demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Nha Uyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan.,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan.
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Shi C, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yu J, Qin S, Xu H, Gao Y. MiR-200a-3p promoted the malignant behaviors of ovarian cancer cells through regulating PCDH9. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8329-8338. [PMID: 31632082 PMCID: PMC6790212 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has revealed that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays vital roles in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. MiR-200a-3p was found to act as an oncogene in a variety of cancers, however, the expression and function of miR-200a-3p in ovarian cancer has not been characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of miR-200a-3p in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by the RT-qPCR. The influence of miR-200a-3p on the growth of ovarian cancer cells was determined with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation and cell invasion assay. The binding of miR-200a-3p with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PDCH9 was detected by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of PCDH9 was investigated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS miR-200a-3p was up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Highly expressed miR-200a-3p was significantly associated with the tumor size, tumor metastasis and TNM stage. Overexpression of miR-200a-3p markedly promoted the proliferation, colony formation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Functional study uncovered that miR-200a-3p bound the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PCDH9 and decreased the expression of PCDH9 in ovarian cancer cells. The expression of miR-200a-3p in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly negatively correlated with that of PCDH9. Restored PCDH9 inhibited the promoting effect of miR-200a-3p on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggested the potential oncogenic function of miR-200a-3p via modulating PCDH9 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanpeng Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongge Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu223300, People’s Republic of China
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He Y, Wang Z, Liu C, Gong Z, Li Y, Lu T, Hu G. Protocadherin 17 is a tumor suppressor and is frequently methylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1601-1613. [PMID: 30863170 PMCID: PMC6388982 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s191102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several PCDH genes were shown to be downregulated or silenced in carcinomas and act as candidate tumor suppressor genes. However, the functions of PCDH17 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the PCDH17 promoter methylation status and its impact on the expression and functions of PCDH17 in NPC. Patients and methods To determine the mRNA levels and promoter methylation status of PCDH17 in NPC cell lines as well as 42 NPC patient specimens, we performed reverse transcription PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and bisulfite genome sequencing. The effects of ectopic PCDH17 expression in NPC cell lines were determined by colony formation, cell proliferation, wound healing, in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays and an in vivo subcutaneous tumor model. Results PCDH17 expression was almost absent or significantly reduced in 100% of the NPC cell lines (5/5). However, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A treatment restored PCDH17 expression. Promoter methylation was involved in PCDH17 silencing. Ectopic expression of PCDH17 in silenced NPC cells reduced colony formation, cell migration, angiogenesis, VEGF secretion, and tumorigenicity. Conclusion PCDH17 plays a tumor suppressor role in NPC. PCDH17 methylation may be a tumor-specific event and can be used as an epigenetic biomarker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Yanshi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
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Zhang Y, Zhu J. Ten genes associated with MGMT promoter methylation predict the prognosis of patients with glioma. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:908-916. [PMID: 30535433 PMCID: PMC6313003 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma originates from the glial cells of the spine or brain, and promoter methylation of O6‑methylguanine‑DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) can promote the chemosensitivity of glioma. The present study aimed to reveal the key genes implicated in MGMT promoter methylation in patients with glioma. RNA‑sequencing data and methylation data for glioma were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Following expression characteristic analysis and differential expression analysis using unsupervised hierarchical clustering and a rank sum test, the feature genes were identified between high and low methylation groups. Furthermore, multivariate survival analysis for the feature genes was performed using the survival package in R. Additionally, the independent glioma RNA expression datasets GSE7696 and GSE42669 were used to validate the prognostic efficiency of the gene combination. The results indicated that the prognosis of the low methylation group was significantly worse than that of the high methylation group. The ten genes corresponding to the cut‑off value of 0.56 (Rho GTPase‑activating protein 21, CECR2, histone acetyl‑lysine reader, endosulfine α, G‑patch domain‑containing 8, KIAA1109, MGMT, protocadherin β 13, selenoprotein M, sperm‑associated antigen 9 and WD repeat domain 6) were able to significantly predict prognosis and were differentially expressed between the two groups. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that the ten genes were effective for sample classification and prognostic prediction. Furthermore, the validation datasets confirmed the correlation of the ten genes with prognosis. In conclusion, these 10 genes may be mediated by MGMT promoter methylation in glioma. In addition, the ten‑gene combination may be associated with the prognosis of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Li J, Huang T, Chen C, Hong Q, Ji H, Ye M, Duan S. Hypermethylation of protocadherin γ subfamily A12 and solute carrier family 19 A 1 promoters contributes to the occurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8215-8222. [PMID: 29805555 PMCID: PMC5950180 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves genetic and epigenetic modifications, and aberrant DNA methylation within gene promoters is a primary mediator of epigenetic inheritance in CRC. The present study evaluated whether promoter methylation of four CRC candidate genes [protocadherin γ subfamily A12 (PCDH-γ-A12), solute carrier family 19 A 1 (SLC19A1), cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and cylindromatosis (CYLD) contributed to the risk and metastasis of CRC by screening a total of 42 CRC and 42 adjacent normal tissue samples. DNA methylation was measured by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were bisulfite converted and validated by sequencing. The χ2 test was employed to assess the association between promoter methylation and a series of clinicopathological characteristics. The promoters of PCDH-γ-A12 and SLC19A1 were observed to be more frequently methylated in CRC tissues than normal tissues. In addition, significantly higher methylation of the PCDH-γ-A12 and SLC19A1 promoters was also observed in CRC tissues with lymph metastasis compared with those without lymph metastasis. In addition, no association was observed between CREB and CYLD methylation and the occurrence and metastasis of CRC. These results suggest that the hypermethylation of the PCDH-γ-A12 and SLC19A1 promoters may contribute to the occurrence and metastasis of CRC in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Uyen TN, Sakashita K, Al-Kzayer LFY, Nakazawa Y, Kurata T, Koike K. Aberrant methylation of protocadherin 17 and its prognostic value in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27643535 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of approximately 20% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor because of disease recurrence. We examined whether DNA methylation of cadherin superfamily genes is a useful biomarker for ALL relapse. PROCEDURE We used Infinium Methylation 450K Arrays to assess genome-wide DNA methylation status. The methylation status of each individual gene was then determined by a combination of bisulfite restriction analysis and genome bisulfite sequencing. mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Cadherin superfamily genes including cadherin (CDH) 1, protocadherin (PCDH) 8, and PCDH17 were selected for analysis of methylation status. In 40 patient samples with B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL at diagnosis, the methylation frequencies of CDH1, PCDH8, and PCDH17 were 62.5, 55, and 30%, respectively. CDH1 and PCDH8 methylation was also detected in 80 and 20% of control bone marrow (BM) samples, respectively. On the contrary, PCDH17 was unmethylated in all control BM samples. There was a significant correlation between the methylation status of PCDH17 (but not CDH1 and PCDH8) and event-free survival or overall survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only PCDH17 methylation was associated with an increased risk for relapse and mortality in patients with BCP ALL. CONCLUSION PCDH17 methylation at diagnosis was closely related to poor prognosis and thus could be used as a new biomarker to predict relapse in patients with BCP ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nha Uyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Wu JC, Wang FZ, Tsai ML, Lo CY, Badmaev V, Ho CT, Wang YJ, Pan MH. Se-Allylselenocysteine induces autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and epigenetic regulation of PCDH17 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2511-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ching Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; National Cheng Kung University Medical College; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Fang-Zong Wang
- Department of Seafood Science; National Kaohsiung Marine University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science; National Kaohsiung Marine University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lo
- Department of Food Science; National Chiayi University; Chiayi Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; National Cheng Kung University Medical College; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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Sui X, Zhu J, Zhou J, Wang X, Li D, Han W, Fang Y, Pan H. Epigenetic modifications as regulatory elements of autophagy in cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Epigenetic-Mediated Downregulation of μ-Protocadherin in Colorectal Tumours. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:317093. [PMID: 25972897 PMCID: PMC4417986 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis involves altered cellular interaction and tissue morphology that partly arise from aberrant expression of cadherins. Mucin-like protocadherin is implicated in intercellular adhesion and its expression was found decreased in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study has compared MUPCDH (CDHR5) expression in three key types of colorectal tissue samples, for normal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma. A gradual decrease of mRNA levels and protein expression was observed in progressive stages of colorectal carcinogenesis which are consistent with reports of increasing MUPCDH 5′ promoter region DNA methylation. High MUPCDH methylation was also observed in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines that revealed low gene expression levels compared to COLO205 and HT29 cell lines which lack DNA methylation at the MUPCDH locus. Furthermore, HCT116 and SW480 showed lower levels of RNA polymerase II and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) as well as higher levels of H3K27 trimethylation at the MUPCDH promoter. MUPCDH expression was however restored in HCT116 and SW480 cells in the presence of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor). Results indicate that μ-protocadherin downregulation occurs during early stages of tumourigenesis and progression into the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in this silencing.
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Corrales J, Fang X, Thornton C, Mei W, Barbazuk WB, Duke M, Scheffler BE, Willett KL. Effects on specific promoter DNA methylation in zebrafish embryos and larvae following benzo[a]pyrene exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 163:37-46. [PMID: 24576477 PMCID: PMC4032594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an established carcinogen and reproductive and developmental toxicant. BaP exposure in humans and animals has been linked to infertility and multigenerational health consequences. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and mapping of methylation patterns has become an important tool for understanding pathologic gene expression events. The goal of this study was to investigate aberrant changes in promoter DNA methylation in zebrafish embryos and larvae following a parental and continued embryonic waterborne BaP exposure. A total of 21 genes known for their role in human diseases were selected to measure percent methylation by multiplex deep sequencing. At 96hpf (hours post fertilization) compared to 3.3hpf, dazl, nqo1, sox3, cyp1b1, and gstp1 had higher methylation percentages while c-fos and cdkn1a had decreased CG methylation. BaP exposure significantly reduced egg production and offspring survival. Moreover, BaP decreased global methylation and altered CG, CHH, and CHG methylation both at 3.3 and 96hpf. CG methylation changed by 10% or more due to BaP in six genes (c-fos, cdkn1a, dazl, nqo1, nrf2, and sox3) at 3.3hpf and in ten genes (c-fos, cyp1b1, dazl, gstp1, mlh1, nqo1, pten, p53, sox2, and sox3) at 96hpf. BaP also induced gene expression of cyp1b1 and gstp1 at 96hpf which were found to be hypermethylated. Further studies are needed to link aberrant CG, CHH, and CHG methylation to heritable epigenetic consequences associated with disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corrales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - X Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - C Thornton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - W Mei
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA
| | - W B Barbazuk
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA
| | - M Duke
- Genomics Bioinformatics, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - B E Scheffler
- Genomics Bioinformatics, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - K L Willett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Hu X, Sui X, Li L, Huang X, Rong R, Su X, Shi Q, Mo L, Shu X, Kuang Y, Tao Q, He C. Protocadherin 17 acts as a tumour suppressor inducing tumour cell apoptosis and autophagy, and is frequently methylated in gastric and colorectal cancers. J Pathol 2013; 229:62-73. [PMID: 22926751 DOI: 10.1002/path.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide and cause serious cancer mortality. Both epigenetic and genetic disruptions of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) are frequently involved in their pathogenesis. Here, we studied the epigenetic and genetic alterations of a novel TSG-PCDH17 and its functions in the pathogenesis of these tumours. We found that PCDH17 was frequently silenced and methylated in almost all gastric and colorectal tumour cell lines as well as in ∼95% of primary tumours, but not in normal gastric and colonic mucosa. Moreover, its deletion was detected in only 18% of gastric and 12% of colorectal cancer tissues, suggesting that epigenetic and genetic inactivation of PCDH17 are both involved in gastric and colorectal tumourigenesis. PCDH17 protein expression was significantly correlated with low tumour stage and less lymph node metastasis of gastric and colorectal cancer patients, indicating its potential as a tumour marker. Restoring PCDH17 expression inhibited tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo through promoting apoptosis, as evidenced by increased TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, PCDH17-induced autophagy, along with increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles and up-regulated autophagic proteins Atg-5, Atg-12 and LC3B II. Thus, PCDH17 acts as a tumour suppressor, exerting its anti-proliferative activity through inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and is frequently silenced in gastric and colorectal cancers. PCDH17 methylation is a tumour-specific event that could serve as an epigenetic biomarker for these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Centre and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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