1
|
Palmgren M. Evolution of the sodium pump. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119511. [PMID: 37301269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic plasma membranes (PMs) are energized by electrogenic P-type ATPases that generate either Na+ or H+ motive forces to drive Na+ and H+ dependent transport processes, respectively. For this purpose, animal rely on Na+/K+-ATPases whereas fungi and plants employ PM H+-ATPases. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, depend on H+ or Na+-motive electron transport complexes to energize their cell membranes. This raises the question as to why and when electrogenic Na+ and H+ pumps evolved? Here it is shown that prokaryotic Na+/K+-ATPases have near perfect conservation of binding sites involved in coordination of three Na+ and two K+ ions. Such pumps are rare in Eubacteria but are common in methanogenic Archaea where they often are found together with P-type putative PM H+-ATPases. With some exceptions, Na+/K+-ATPases and PM H+-ATPases are found everywhere in the eukaryotic tree of life, but never together in animals, fungi and land plants. It is hypothesized that Na+/K+-ATPases and PM H+-ATPases evolved in methanogenic Archaea to support the bioenergetics of these ancestral organisms, which can utilize both H+ and Na+ as energy currencies. Both pumps must have been simultaneously present in the first eukaryotic cell, but during diversification of the major eukaryotic kingdoms, and at the time animals diverged from fungi, animals kept Na+/K+-ATPases but lost PM H+-ATPases. At the same evolutionary branch point, fungi did loose Na+/K+-ATPases, and their role was taken over by PM H+-ATPases. An independent but similar scenery emerged during terrestrialization of plants: they lost Na+/K+-ATPases but kept PM H+-ATPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao H, Wang W, Cao Y, Liang Z, Zhang P. Interaction Network Construction and Functional Analysis of the Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase in Bangia fuscopurpurea (Rhodophyta). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087644. [PMID: 37108805 PMCID: PMC10142769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a serious threat to most land plants. Although seaweeds adapt to salty environments, intertidal species experience wide fluctuations in external salinities, including hyper- and hypo-saline stress. Bangia fuscopurpurea is an economic intertidal seaweed with a strong tolerance to hypo-salinity. Until now, the salt stress tolerance mechanism has remained elusive. Our previous study showed that the expression of B. fuscopurpurea plasma membrane H+-ATPase (BfPMHA) genes were the most upregulated under hypo-salinity. In this study, we obtained the complete sequence of BfPMHA, traced the relative expression of this BfPMHA gene in B. fuscopurpurea under hypo-salinity, and analyzed the protein structure and properties based on the gene's sequence. The result showed that the expression of BfPMHA in B. fuscopurpurea increased significantly with varying hypo-salinity treatments, and the higher the degree of low salinity stress, the higher the expression level. This BfPMHA had typical PMHA structures with a Cation-N domain, an E1-E2 ATPase domain, a Hydrolase domain, and seven transmembrane domains. In addition, through the membrane system yeast two-hybrid library, three candidate proteins interacting with BfPMHA during hypo-saline stress were screened, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (BfFBA), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) (BfGAPDH), and manganese superoxide dismutase (BfMnSOD). The three candidates and BfPMHA genes were successfully transferred and overexpressed in a BY4741 yeast strain. All of them significantly enhanced the yeast tolerance to NaCl stress, verifying the function of BfPMHA in salt stress response. This is the first study to report the structure and topological features of PMHA in B. fuscopurpurea and its candidate interaction proteins in response to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Yao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhourui Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ueda S, Mizuta H, Uji T. Development of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation for the Analysis of Histone Modifications in Red Macroalga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta). Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:590-597. [PMID: 36098867 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by histone modification can activate or repress transcription through changes in chromatin dynamics and regulates development and the response to environmental signals in both animals and plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an indispensable tool to identify histones with specific post-translational modifications. The lack of a ChIP technique for macroalgae has hindered understanding of the role of histone modification in the expression of genes in this organism. In this study, a ChIP method with several modifications, based on existing protocols for plant cells, has been developed for the red macroalga, Neopyropia yezoensis, that consists of a heterogeneous alternation of macroscopic leaf-like gametophytes and microscopic filamentous sporophytes. ChIP method coupled with qPCR enables the identification of a histone mark in generation-specific genes from N. yezoensis. The results indicate that acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in the 5' flanking and coding regions from generation-specific genes was maintained at relatively high levels, even in generation-repressed gene expression. The use of this ChIP method will contribute significantly to identify the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through histone modifications that control a variety of biological processes in red macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ueda
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuta
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uji
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Q, Xu K, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C, Wang W. Na + /K + -ATPase regulates the K + /Na + homeostasis in the intertidal macroalgae, Neoporphyra haitanensis, in response to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1040142. [PMID: 36684749 PMCID: PMC9846634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants under hypersaline stress, the main transporter that extrudes sodium ions (Na + ) is the Na + /H + antiporter SOS1. Different from land plants, the intertidal macroalgae, Neopyropia/Neoporphyra contains an animal-type Na + /K + -ATPase as well as the SOS1 system. However, the contribution of Na + /K + -ATPase to the K + /Na + homeostasis of intertidal macroalgae remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the function of Na + /K + -ATPase in the response of Neoporphyra haitanensis to salt stress from the perspective of ion transport dynamics. Both the transcript level of NhNKA2 and enzyme activity of Na + /K + -ATPase increased in the early response of N. haitanensis thalli to hypersaline stress. Addition of ouabain, an inhibitor of Na + /K + -ATPase, resulted in Na + accumulation in the cells, severe K + leakage from the thalli, and then remarkably disturbed the K + /Na + homeostasis in N. haitanensis thalli. This disruption might induce a significant decrease in photosynthesis and a severe oxidative damage in thalli. Accordingly, these results suggested that the important role of Na + /K + -ATPase in the resistance of intertidal macroalgae to hypersaline stress, and shed light on the diversity of K + /Na + homeostasis maintenance mechanisms in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Dehua Ji
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaotian Xie
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fujian Development and Reform Commission, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matalin DA, Khramov DE, Shuvalov AV, Volkov VS, Balnokin YV, Popova LG. Cloning and Characterization of Two Putative P-Type ATPases from the Marine Microalga Dunaliella maritima Similar to Plant H+-ATPases and Their Gene Expression Analysis under Conditions of Hyperosmotic Salt Shock. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122667. [PMID: 34961138 PMCID: PMC8708325 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The green microalga genus Dunaliella is mostly comprised of species that exhibit a wide range of salinity tolerance, including inhabitants of hyperhaline reservoirs. Na+ content in Dunaliella cells inhabiting saline environments is maintained at a fairly low level, comparable to that in the cells of freshwater organisms. However, despite a long history of studying the physiological and molecular mechanisms that ensure the ability of halotolerant Dunaliella species to survive at high concentrations of NaCl, the question of how Dunaliella cells remove excess Na+ ions entering from the environment is still debatable. For thermodynamic reasons it should be a primary active mechanism; for example, via a Na+-transporting ATPase, but the molecular identification of Na+-transporting mechanism in Dunaliella has not yet been carried out. Formerly, in the euryhaline alga D. maritima, we functionally identified Na+-transporting P-type ATPase in experiments with plasma membrane (PM) vesicles which were isolated from this alga. Here we describe the cloning of two putative P-type ATPases from D. maritima, DmHA1 and DmHA2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both ATPases belong to the clade of proton P-type ATPases, but the similarity between DmHA1 and DmHA2 is not high. The expression of DmHA1 and DmHA2 in D. maritima cells under hyperosmotic salt shock was studied by qRT-PCR. Expression of DmHA1 gene decreases and remains at a relatively low level during the response of D. maritima cells to hyperosmotic salt shock. In contrast, expression of DmHA2 increases under hyperosmotic salt shock. This indicates that DmHA2 is important for overcoming hyperosmotic salt stress by the algal cells and as an ATPase it is likely directly involved in transport of Na+ ions. We assume that it is the DmHA2 ATPase that represents the Na+-transporting ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A. Matalin
- K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (D.E.K.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Dmitrii E. Khramov
- K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (D.E.K.); (Y.V.B.)
| | | | - Vadim S. Volkov
- K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (D.E.K.); (Y.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.V.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Yurii V. Balnokin
- K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (D.E.K.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Larissa G. Popova
- K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (D.E.K.); (Y.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.V.); (L.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Van AT, Sommer V, Glaser K. The Ecophysiological Performance and Traits of Genera within the Stichococcus-like Clade (Trebouxiophyceae) under Matric and Osmotic Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1816. [PMID: 34576715 PMCID: PMC8472729 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in water balance are some of the most critical challenges that aeroterrestrial algae face. They have a wide variety of mechanisms to protect against osmotic stress, including, but not limited to, downregulating photosynthesis, the production of compatible solutes, spore and akinete formation, biofilms, as well as triggering structural cellular changes. In comparison, algae living in saline environments must cope with ionic stress, which has similar effects on the physiology as desiccation in addition to sodium and chloride ion toxicity. These environmental challenges define ecological niches for both specialist and generalist algae. One alga known to be aeroterrestrial and euryhaline is Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli, possessing the ability to withstand both matric and osmotic stresses, which may contribute to wide distribution worldwide. Following taxonomic revision of Stichococcus into seven lineages, we here examined their physiological responses to osmotic and matric stress through a salt growth challenge and desiccation experiment. The results demonstrate that innate compatible solute production capacity under salt stress and desiccation tolerance are independent of one another, and that salt tolerance is more variable than desiccation tolerance in the Stichococcus-like genera. Furthermore, algae within this group likely occupy similar ecological niches, with the exception of Pseudostichococcus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tu Van
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (V.S.); (K.G.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takahashi M, Kumari P, Li C, Mikami K. Low temperature causes discoloration by repressing growth and nitrogen transporter gene expression in the edible red alga Pyropia yezoensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105004. [PMID: 32662437 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduced availability of nitrogen sources in seawater leads to discoloration of the edible red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis and induces the expression of genes encoding ammonium, nitrate and urea transporters. In the present study, we demonstrate that low temperatures can also cause discoloration of this economically important seaweed. Thus, we addressed regulatory mechanisms of cold-inducible discoloration. When P. yezoensis thalli were incubated at 0, 5 and 10°C, the thalli exhibited retarded growth and discoloration, along with reduced phycoerythrin contents. Fertilization with nitrogen sources did not recover this discoloration at 0°C, suggesting that defects in nitrogen absorption cause low temperature-induced discoloration. The expression levels of many nitrogen transporter genes were reduced at low temperature. We propose that low temperature-mediated repression of ammonium, nitrate and urea transporter gene expression promotes the reduced absorption of nitrogen sources in P. yezoensis, thereby leading to discoloration. This process is different from the well-known mechanism underlying discoloration in P. yezoensis under nitrogen-deficient conditions at normal culture temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Takahashi
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Puja Kumari
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan
| | - Chengze Li
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumari J, Rathore MS. Na+/K+-ATPase a Primary Membrane Transporter: An Overview and Recent Advances with Special Reference to Algae. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:191-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Mikami K, Li C, Irie R, Hama Y. A unique life cycle transition in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis depends on apospory. Commun Biol 2019; 2:299. [PMID: 31396579 PMCID: PMC6685973 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant life cycles consist of two temporally separated stages: a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. In plants employing a haploid-diploid sexual life cycle, the transition from sporophyte to gametophyte generally depends on meiosis. However, previous work has shown that in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, this transition is independent of meiosis, though how and when it occurs is unknown. Here, we explored this question using transcriptomic profiling of P. yezoensis gametophytes, sporophytes, and conchosporangia parasitically produced on sporophytes. We identify a knotted-like homeobox gene that is predominately expressed in the conchosporangium and may determine its identity. We also find that spore-like single cells isolated from the conchosporangium develop directly into gametophytes, indicating that the gametophyte identity is established before the release of conchospores and prior to the onset of meiosis. Based on our findings, we propose a triphasic life cycle for P. yezoensis involving production of gametophytes by apospory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Chengze Li
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Irie
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Popova LG, Belyaev DV, Shuvalov AV, Yurchenko AA, Matalin DA, Khramov DE, Orlova YV, Balnokin YV. In silico Analyses of Transcriptomes of the Marine Green Microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta: Identification of Sequences Encoding P-type ATPases. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Choi YH, Kim EY, Mikami K, Nam TJ. Chemoprotective effects of a recombinant protein from Pyropia yezoensis and synthetic peptide against acetaminophen-induced Chang liver cell death. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:369-76. [PMID: 26096530 PMCID: PMC4501640 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the chemoprotective effects of recombinant Pyropia yezoensis (P. yezoensis) protein 1 (PYP1) were examined in acetaminophen (APAP)-treated Chang liver cells. The analysis of P. yezoensis revealed the presence of both mature and immature variants of PYP1. PYP1s, designated as PYP1 (15 kDa), PYP1-AC (12 kDa) and PYP1-B (5 kDa), were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and their chemoprotective effects were then examined. In addition, a peptide of 11 residues (ALEGGKSSGGG), which is a common sequence at the N-terminus all of the PYP1s, was synthesized and examined. The effects of treatment with PYP1s and the synthetic peptide (SP) on cell proliferation were determined by MTS assay. Our results clearly demonstrated that treatment with all the PYP1s and SP significantly promoted the proliferation of Chang liver cells, protecting them against APAP. Thus, we concluded that recombinant PYP1s exert protective effects against injury to Chang liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Taek Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsuda R, Ozgur R, Higashi Y, Takechi K, Takano H, Takio S. Preferential expression of a bromoperoxidase in sporophytes of a red alga, Pyropia yezoensis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:199-210. [PMID: 25407492 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 2,158 bp cDNA (PyBPO1) encoding a bromoperoxidase (BPO) of 625 amino acids was isolated from Pyropia yezoensis. Phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences of BPOs suggested that P. yezoensis and cyanobacteria were grouped in the same clade and separated from brown algae. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggested that PyBPO1 existed as a single copy per haploid genome. RT-PCR revealed that PyBPO1 was actively expressed in filamentous sporophytes but repressed in leafy gametophytes under normal growth conditions. High expression levels of PyBPO1 in sporophytes were observed when sporophytes were grown under gametophyte conditions, suggesting that preferential expression of PyBPO1 occurs during the sporophyte phase. BPO activity of cell-free extracts from sporophytes and gametophytes was examined by activity staining on native PAGE gel using o-dianisidine. One activity band was detected in sporophyte sample, but not in gametophyte sample. In addition, we found that bromide and iodide were effective substrate, but chloride was not. BPO activity was observed-likely in chloroplasts-when sporophyte cells were incubated with o-dianisidine and hydrogen peroxide. Cellular BPO staining showed the same halogen preference identified by in-gel BPO staining. Based on GS-MS analysis, bromoform was detected in medium containing sporophytes. Bromoform was not detected under dark culture conditions but was detected in the culture exposed to low light intensity (5 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) and increased under a moderate light intensity (30 μmol m(-2) s(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
García-Jiménez P, Robaina RR. On reproduction in red algae: further research needed at the molecular level. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:93. [PMID: 25755663 PMCID: PMC4337235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular red algae (Rhodophyta) have some of the most complex life cycles known in living organisms. Economically valuable seaweeds, such as phycocolloid producers, have a triphasic (gametophyte, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte) life cycle, not to mention the intricate alternation of generations in the edible "sushi-alga" nori. It is a well-known fact that reproductive processes are controlled by one or more abiotic factor(s), including day length, light quality, temperature, and nutrients. Likewise, endogenous chemical factors such as plant growth regulators have been reported to affect reproductive events in some red seaweeds. Still, in the genomic era and given the high throughput techniques at our disposal, our knowledge about the endogenous molecular machinery lags far behind that of higher plants. Any potential effective control of the reproductive process will entail revisiting most of these results and facts to answer basic biological questions as yet unresolved. Recent results have shed light on the involvement of several genes in red alga reproductive events. In addition, a working species characterized by a simple filamentous architecture, easy cultivation, and accessible genomes may also facilitate our task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael R. Robaina
- *Correspondence: Rafael R. Robaina, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uji T, Hirata R, Fukuda S, Mizuta H, Saga N. A codon-optimized bacterial antibiotic gene used as selection marker for stable nuclear transformation in the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:251-255. [PMID: 24149658 PMCID: PMC3996358 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae play an important role in marine coastal ecosystems and are widely used as sea vegetation foodstuffs and for industrial purposes. Therefore, there have been increased demands for useful species and varieties of these macroalgae. However, genetic transformation in macroalgae has not yet been established. We have developed a dominant selection marker for stable nuclear transformation in the red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis. We engineered the coding region of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene aph7″ from Streptomyces hygroscopicus to adapt codon usage of the nuclear genes of P. yezoensis. We designated this codon-optimized aph7″ gene as PyAph7. After bombarding P. yezoensis cells with plasmids containing PyAph7 under the control of their endogenous promoter, 1.9 thalli (or individuals) of hygromycin-resistant strains were isolated from a 10-mm square piece of the bombarded thallus. These transformants were stably maintained throughout the asexual life cycle. Stable expression of PyAph7was verified using Southern blot analysis and genomic PCR and RT-PCR analyses. PyAph7 proved to be a new versatile tool for stable nuclear transformation in P. yezoensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Ryo Hirata
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Satoru Fukuda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuta
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Naotsune Saga
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uji T, Mizuta H, Saga N. Characterization of the sporophyte-preferential gene promoter from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis using transient gene expression. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:188-196. [PMID: 22865243 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of plants entails an alternation of generations, the diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stages. There is little information about the characteristics of gene expression during each phase of marine macroalgae. Promoter analysis is a useful method for understanding transcriptional regulation; however, there is no report of promoter analyses in marine macroalgae. In this study, with the aim of elucidating the differences in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms between the gametophyte and sporophyte stages in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis, we isolated the promoter from the sporophyte preferentially expressed gene PyKPA1, which encodes a sodium pump, and analyzed its promoter using a transient gene expression system with a synthetic β-glucuronidase (PyGUS) reporter. The deletion of -1432 to -768 relative to the transcription start site resulted in decreased GUS activity in sporophytes. In contrast, deletion from -767 to -527 increased GUS activity in gametophytes. Gain-of-function analyses showed that the -1432 to -760 region enhanced the GUS activity of a heterologous promoter in sporophytes, whereas the -767 to -510 region repressed it in gametophytes. Further mutation and gain-of-function analyses of the -767 to -510 region revealed that a 20-bp GC-rich sequence (-633 to -614) is responsible for the gametophyte-specific repressed expression. These results showed that the sporophyte-specific positive regulatory region and gametophyte-specific negative regulatory sequence play a crucial role in the preferential expression of PyKPA1 in P. yezoensis sporophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|