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Chaban I, Khaliluev M, Baranova E, Kononenko N, Dolgov S, Smirnova E. Abnormal development of floral meristem triggers defective morphogenesis of generative system in transgenic tomatoes. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1597-1611. [PMID: 29680904 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy and fruit malformations are common among independent transgenic tomato lines, expressing genes encoding different pathogenesis-related (PR) protein and antimicrobal peptides. Abnormal phenotype developed independently of the expression and type of target genes, but distinctive features during flower and fruit development were detected in each transgenic line. We analyzed the morphology, anatomy, and cytoembryology of abnormal flowers and fruits from these transgenic tomato lines and compared them with flowers and fruits of wild tomatoes, line YaLF used for transformation, and transgenic plants with normal phenotype. We confirmed that the main cause of abnormal flower and fruit development was the alterations of determinate growth of generative meristem. These alterations triggered different types of anomalous growth, affecting the number of growing ectopic shoots and formation of new flowers. Investigation of the ovule ontogenesis did not show anomalies in embryo sac development, but fertilization did not occur and embryo sac degenerated. Nevertheless, the ovule continued to differentiate due to proliferation of endothelium cells. The latter substituted embryo sac and formed pseudoembryonic tissue. This process imitated embryogenesis and stimulated ovary growth, leading to the development of parthenocarpic fruit. We demonstrated that failed fertilization occurred due to defective male gametophyte formation, which was manifested in blocked division of the nucleus in the microspore and arrest of vegetative and generative cell formation. Maturing pollen grains were overgrown microspores, not competent for fertilization but capable to induce proliferation of endothelium and development of parthenocarpic ovary. Thus, our study provided new data on the structural transformations of reproductive organs during development of parthenocarpic fruits in transgenic tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Chaban
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Marat Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya 49, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Ekaterina Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Neonila Kononenko
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 6, Pushchino, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Elena Smirnova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127550.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119234.
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Sun R, Ye R, Gao L, Zhang L, Wang R, Mao T, Zheng Y, Li D, Lin Y. Characterization and Ectopic Expression of CoWRI1, an AP2/EREBP Domain-Containing Transcription Factor from Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) Endosperm, Changes the Seeds Oil Content in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:63. [PMID: 28179911 PMCID: PMC5263148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a key tropical crop and a member of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (Palmaceae). Few genes and related metabolic processes involved in coconut endosperm development have been investigated. In this study, a new member of the WRI1 gene family was isolated from coconut endosperm and was named CoWRI1. Its transcriptional activities and interactions with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BCCP2) promoter of CoWRI1 were confirmed by the yeast two-hybrid and yeast one-hybrid approaches, respectively. Functional characterization was carried out through seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis and endosperm-specific expression in rice. In transgenic Arabidopsis, high over-expressions of CoWRI1 in seven independent T2 lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The relative mRNA accumulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in either fatty acid biosynthesis or triacylglycerols assembly (BCCP2, KASI, MAT, ENR, FATA, and GPDH) were also assayed in mature seeds. Furthermore, lipid and fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 significantly increased. In two homozygous T2 transgenic rice lines (G5 and G2), different CoWRI1 expression levels were detected, but no CoWRI1 transcripts were detected in the wild type. Analyses of the seed oil content, starch content, and total protein content indicated that the two T2 transgenic lines showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in seed oil content. The transgenic lines also showed a significant increase in starch content, whereas total protein content decreased significantly. Further analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3) increased significantly in the seeds of the transgenic rice lines, but oleic acid (C18:1) levels significantly declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuHao Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Rongjian Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingchao Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ting Mao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Li, Yongjun Lin,
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Li, Yongjun Lin,
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