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Gazdova M, Michalkova R, Kello M, Vilkova M, Kudlickova Z, Baloghova J, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Chalcone-Acridine Hybrid Suppresses Melanoma Cell Progression via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Modulation of MAP Kinases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12266. [PMID: 36293123 PMCID: PMC9603750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on investigating the antiproliferative effects of chalcone hybrids in melanoma cancer cells. Among seven chalcone hybrids, the chalcone-acridine hybrid 1C was the most potent and was selected for further antiproliferative mechanism studies. This in vitro study revealed the potent antiproliferative effect of 1C via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with modulation of expression or phosphorylation of specific cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, p21, and ChK1), tubulins, as well as with the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Chalcone 1C also induced apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and cytochrome c release followed by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK) was observed in chalcone 1C-treated melanoma cells. The strong antiproliferative activities of this chalcone-acridine hybrid suggest that it may be useful as an antimelanoma agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gazdova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Vilkova
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kudlickova
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janette Baloghova
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Kamboj S, Singh R. Chromanone-A Prerogative Therapeutic Scaffold: An Overview. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022; 47:75-111. [PMID: 34226859 PMCID: PMC8244469 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromanone or Chroman-4-one is the most important and interesting heterobicyclic compound and acts as a building block in medicinal chemistry for isolation, designing and synthesis of novel lead compounds. Structurally, absence of a double bond in chromanone between C-2 and C-3 shows a minor difference from chromone but exhibits significant variations in biological activities. In the present review, various studies published on synthesis, pharmacological evaluation on chroman-4-one analogues are addressed to signify the importance of chromanone as a versatile scaffold exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities. But, due to poor yield in the case of chemical synthesis and expensive isolation procedure from natural compounds, more studies are required to provide the most effective and cost-effective methods to synthesize novel chromanone analogs to give leads to chemistry community. Considering the versatility of chromanone, this review is designed to impart comprehensive, critical and authoritative information about chromanone template in drug designing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kamboj
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133203 India ,Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Haryana 135003 India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133203 India
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Molecular docking studies and synthesis of a new class of chroman-4-one fused 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and evaluation for their anticancer potential. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Scarcello E, Lison D. Are Fe-Based Stenting Materials Biocompatible? A Critical Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. J Funct Biomater 2019; 11:jfb11010002. [PMID: 31877701 PMCID: PMC7151573 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-based materials have increasingly been considered for the development of biodegradable cardiovascular stents. A wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies should be done to fully evaluate their biocompatibility. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the findings and the methodologies used to assess the biocompatibility of Fe materials. The majority of investigators drew conclusions about in vitro Fe toxicity based on indirect contact results. The setup applied in these tests seems to overlook the possible effects of Fe corrosion and does not allow for understanding of the complexity of released chemical forms and their possible impact on tissue. It is in particular important to ensure that test setups or interpretations of in vitro results do not hide some important mechanisms, leading to inappropriate subsequent in vivo experiments. On the other hand, the sample size of existing in vivo implantations is often limited, and effects such as local toxicity or endothelial function are not deeply scrutinized. The main advantages and limitations of in vitro design strategies applied in the development of Fe-based alloys and the correlation with in vivo studies are discussed. It is evident from this literature review that we are not yet ready to define an Fe-based material as safe or biocompatible.
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Takac P, Kello M, Pilatova MB, Kudlickova Z, Vilkova M, Slepcikova P, Petik P, Mojzis J. New chalcone derivative exhibits antiproliferative potential by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and modulation of MAPK signalling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:37-49. [PMID: 29981726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated antiproliferative activity of seven newly synthesized chalcone derivatives. Among tested compounds, (2 E)-3-(acridin-9-yl)-1-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1C) was the most potent with IC50 = 4.1 μmol/L in human colorectal HCT116 cells and was selected for further studies. Inhibition of cell proliferation was associated with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and dysregulation of α, α1 and β5 tubulins. Moreover, 1C caused disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased number of cells with sub G0/G1 DNA content which is considered as marker of apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by annexin V/PI and AO/PI staining. Furthermore, we found increased concentration of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, cleavage of PARP as well as activation of DNA repair mechanisms in 1C-treated HCT116 cancer cells. Moreover this chalcone derivative up-regulated proapoptotic Bax expression and down-regulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Additionally, 1C treatment led to modulation of MAPKs and Akt signalling pathways. In conclusion, our data showed ability of 1C to suppress cancel cell growth and provide the rationale for further in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Takac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Bago Pilatova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kudlickova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Vilkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavlina Slepcikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Petik
- Department of Pathology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04011, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavonoids and Chalcones: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010027. [PMID: 29271940 PMCID: PMC5795978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are precursors of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Both flavonoids and chalcones are intensively investigated because of a large spectrum of their biological activities. Among others, anticancer and antiangiogenic effects account for the research interest of these substances. Because of an essential role in cancer growth and metastasis, angiogenesis is considered to be a promising target for cancer treatment. Currently used antiangiogenic agents are either synthetic compounds or monoclonal antibodies. However, there are some limitations of their use including toxicity and high price, making the search for new antiangiogenic compounds very attractive. Nowadays it is well known that several natural compounds may modulate basic steps in angiogenesis. A lot of studies, also from our lab, showed that phytochemicals, including polyphenols, are potent modulators of angiogenesis. This review paper is focused on the antiangiogenic effect of flavonoids and chalcones and discusses possible underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Demirayak S, Yurttas L, Gundogdu-Karaburun N, Karaburun AC, Kayagil I. New chroman-4-one/thiochroman-4-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:1063-1072. [PMID: 29158716 PMCID: PMC5681300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3-[3/4-(2-aryl-2-oxoethoxy)arylidene]chroman/thiochroman-4-one derivatives (1-34) and evaluation of their anticancer activities were aimed in this work. Final compounds were obtained in multistep synthesis reactions using phenol/thiophenol derivatives as starting materials. For anticancer activity evaluation, all compounds were offered to National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA and selected ones were tested against sixty human tumor cell lines derived from nine neoplastic diseases. The activity results were evaluated according to the drug screening protocol of the institute. Compounds containing thiochromanone skeleton exhibited higher anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Demirayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medipol University, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nalan Gundogdu-Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagri Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kayagil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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Chalcone derivatives cause accumulation of colon cancer cells in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis. Life Sci 2016; 150:32-8. [PMID: 26916824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chalcones, naturally occurring open-chain polyphenols abundant in plants, have demonstrated antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines. In the present study, the potential anticancer activity of two synthetic analogues named Ch1 and Ch2 in colon cancer cell line was investigated. MAIN METHODS Antiproliferative activities of both synthetic analogues were assessed by Growth Inhibition Assay (MTT) and xCELLigence cell analysis. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/PI staining (early stage) or by DNA fragmentation (final stage). To study the cell death mechanism induced by tested substances, we assessed a series of assays including measurements of the caspase 3 activity, membrane mitochondrial potential (MMP) changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry and expression of important apoptosis-related genes by realtime PCR. KEY FINDINGS We found concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity, inhibition of proliferation of Caco-2 cells after Ch1 and Ch2 treatment in parallel with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and increased cell proportion in subG0/G1 population with annexin V positivity. We demonstrated that both Ch1 and Ch2 induced caspase-dependent cell death associated with increased ROS production, suppressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and enhanced Bax expression. Treatment of Ch1 also suppressed α-, α1- and β5-tubulins, on the other hand Ch2 only suppressed α-tubulin expression. SIGNIFICANCE Presented chalcones induce apoptosis by intrinsic pathways, and therefore may be an interesting strategy for cancer therapy.
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Basavarajappa HD, Lee B, Lee H, Sulaiman RS, An H, Magaña C, Shadmand M, Vayl A, Rajashekhar G, Kim EY, Suh YG, Lee K, Seo SY, Corson TW. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Homoisoflavonoids for Retinal Neovascularization. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5015-5027. [PMID: 26035340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eye diseases characterized by excessive angiogenesis such as wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity are major causes of blindness. Cremastranone is an antiangiogenic, naturally occurring homoisoflavanone with efficacy in retinal and choroidal neovascularization models and antiproliferative selectivity for endothelial cells over other cell types. We undertook a cell-based structure-activity relationship study to develop more potent cremastranone analogues, with improved antiproliferative selectivity for retinal endothelial cells. Phenylalanyl-incorporated homoisoflavonoids showed improved activity and remarkable selectivity for retinal microvascular endothelial cells. A lead compound inhibited angiogenesis in vitro without inducing apoptosis and had efficacy in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halesha D Basavarajappa
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Bit Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Hyungjun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Rania S Sulaiman
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hongchan An
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carlos Magaña
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Mehdi Shadmand
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Alexandra Vayl
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gangaraju Rajashekhar
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Varinska L, Gal P, Mojzisova G, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Soy and breast cancer: focus on angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11728-49. [PMID: 26006245 PMCID: PMC4463727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that high consumption of soy products is associated with low incidences of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Soybeans contain large amounts of isoflavones, such as the genistein and daidzain. Previously, it has been demonstrated that genistein, one of the predominant soy isoflavones, can inhibit several steps involved in carcinogenesis. It is suggested that genistein possesses pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action including inhibition of tyrosine kinases, DNA topoisomerase II, 5α-reductase, galectin-induced G2/M arrest, protein histidine kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinases, modulation of different signaling pathways associated with the growth of cancer cells (e.g., NF-κB, Akt, MAPK), etc. Moreover, genistein is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Uncontrolled angiogenesis is considered as a key step in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Genistein was found to inhibit angiogenesis through regulation of multiple pathways, such as regulation of VEGF, MMPs, EGFR expressions and NF-κB, PI3-K/Akt, ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby causing strong antiangiogenic effects. This review focuses on the antiangiogenic properties of soy isoflavonoids and examines their possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Gal
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department for Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavská 8, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Commenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Mojzisova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP-1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
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Emami S, Ghanbarimasir Z. Recent advances of chroman-4-one derivatives: synthetic approaches and bioactivities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:539-63. [PMID: 25743215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chroman-4-one scaffold is a privileged structure in heterocyclic chemistry and drug discovery. Also, chroman-4-ones are important intermediates and interesting building blocks in organic synthesis and drug design. The structural diversity found in the chroman-4-one family led to their division into several categories including benzylidene-4-chromanones, flavanones (2-phenyl-4-chromanones), isoflavanones (3-phenyl-4-chromanones), spirochromanones, and C-4 modified chroman-4-ones such as hydrazones and oxime derivatives. This review addresses the most significant synthetic methods reported on 4-chromanone-derived compounds and consequently emphasizes on the biological relevance of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghanbarimasir
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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ROS-dependent antiproliferative effect of brassinin derivative homobrassinin in human colorectal cancer Caco2 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:10877-97. [PMID: 25068784 PMCID: PMC6271261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190810877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the in vitro antiproliferative effect of brassinin and its derivatives on human cancer cell lines. Among seven tested compounds, homobrassinin (K1; N-[2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-S-methyldithiocarbamate) exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 = 8.0 μM in human colorectal Caco2 cells and was selected for further studies. The flow cytometric analysis revealed a K1-induced increase in the G2/M phase associated with dysregulation of α-tubulin, α1-tubulin and β5-tubulin expression. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of K1 can be mediated via inhibition of microtubule formation. Furthermore, simultaneously with G2/M arrest, K1 also increased population of cells with sub-G1 DNA content which is considered to be a marker of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis was also confirmed by annexin V/PI double staining, DNA fragmentation assay and chromatin condensation assay. The apoptosis was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 activation as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, the antioxidant Trolox blocked ROS production, changes in MMP and decreased K1 cytotoxicity, which confirmed the important role of ROS in cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that K1 induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in Caco2 cells and provide the rationale for further in vivo anticancer investigation.
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Abbas A, Kalsoom S, Hadda TB, Naseer MM. Evaluation of 4-alkoxychalcones as a new class of antiglycating agents: a combined experimental and docking study. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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