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Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38177118 PMCID: PMC10767040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We use electron cryomicroscopy to determine a 3.2 Å helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a distinct protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism shows that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M C Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tran H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545104. [PMID: 37398449 PMCID: PMC10312762 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We determined a 3.2 Å electron cryomicroscopy helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a unique protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism revealed that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M. C. Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tran H. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke H. Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bai H, Hu Y, Hu X, Li J, Mu J, Zhou Y, Chen X, Wang Y. Major capsid protein of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus contributes to the promoter activity of the very late viral genes. Virus Res 2019; 273:197758. [PMID: 31541668 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the most powerful eukaryotic expression systems. Recombinant protein expression is usually controlled by promoters of the baculovirus very late genes (i.e., polyhedrin and p10); therefore, identifying novel regulatory factors for these promoters is key to increasing BEVS productivity. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the viral vector most frequently used in BEVS. VP39 is the major nucleocapsid protein of AcMNPV and plays a pivotal role in nucleocapsid assembly in the nucleus. In this study, we found that knocking out vp39 from the AcMNPV genome resulted in decreased protein abundance of polyhedrin and P10. Further assays revealed that the mRNA transcripts and the promoter activities of polyhedrin and p10 were decreased in the absence of vp39, suggesting that VP39 contributes to the activity of the very late viral gene promoters and may represent a means of optimizing the current BEVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bai
- Department of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingfang Mu
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Hu J, Zhu W, Li Y, Guan Q, Yan H, Yu J, Fu Z, Lu X, Tian J. SWATH-based quantitative proteomics reveals the mechanism of enhanced Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-resistance in silkworm reared on UV-B treated mulberry leaves. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28556443 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the most acute infectious diseases in silkworm, which has led to great economic loss in sericulture. Previous study showed that the content of secondary metabolites in mulberry leaves, particularly for moracin N, was increased after UV-B irradiation. In this study, the BmNPV resistance of silkworms reared on UV-B treated and moracin N spread mulberry leaves was improved. To uncover the mechanism of enhanced BmNPV resistance, silkworm midguts from UV-B treated mulberry leaves (BUM) and moracin N (BNM) groups were analyzed by SWATH-based proteomic technique. Of note, the abundance of ribosomal proteins in BUM and BNM groups was significantly changed to maintain the synthesis of total protein levels and cell survival. While, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, calcium ATPase and programmed cell death 4 involved in apoptotic process were up-regulated in BNM group. Expressions of lipase-1, serine protease precursor, Rab1 protein, and histone genes were increased significantly in BNM group. These results suggest that moracin N might be the main active component in UV-B treated mulberry leaves which could improve the BmNPV-resistance of silkworm through promoting apoptotic cell death, enhancing the organism immunity, and regulating the intercellular environment of cells in silkworm. It also presents an innovative process to reduce the mortality rate of silkworms infected with BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yaohan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haijian Yan
- Chun'an Country Cocoon & Silk Company, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Fu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Shobahah J, Xue S, Hu D, Zhao C, Wei M, Quan Y, Yu W. Quantitative phosphoproteome on the silkworm (Bombyx mori) cells infected with baculovirus. Virol J 2017. [PMID: 28629377 PMCID: PMC5477107 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bombyx mori has become an important model organism for many fundamental studies. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a significant pathogen to Bombyx mori, yet also an efficient vector for recombinant protein production. A previous study indicated that acetylation plays many vital roles in several cellular processes of Bombyx mori while global phosphorylation pattern upon BmNPV infection remains elusive. Method Employing tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and phosphorylation affinity enrichment followed by high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis and intensive bioinformatics analysis, the quantitative phosphoproteome in Bombyx mori cells infected by BmNPV at 24 hpi with an MOI of 10 was extensively examined. Results Totally, 6480 phosphorylation sites in 2112 protein groups were identified, among which 4764 sites in 1717 proteins were quantified. Among the quantified proteins, 81 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated sites were identified with significant criteria (the quantitative ratio above 1.3 was considered as up-regulation and below 0.77 was considered as down-regulation) and with significant p-value (p < 0.05). Some proteins of BmNPV were also hyperphosphorylated during infection, such as P6.9, 39 K, LEF-6, Ac58-like protein, Ac82-like protein and BRO-D. Conclusion The phosphorylated proteins were primary involved in several specific functions, out of which, we focused on the binding activity, protein synthesis, viral replication and apoptosis through kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jauharotus Shobahah
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Xue
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Quan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Baculovirus LEF-11 Hijack Host ATPase ATAD3A to Promote Virus Multiplication in Bombyx mori cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46187. [PMID: 28393927 PMCID: PMC5385504 DOI: 10.1038/srep46187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on molecular mechanisms that viruses use to regulate the host apparatus is important in virus infection control and antiviral therapy exploration. Our previous research showed that the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) LEF-11 localized to dense regions of the cell nucleus and is required for viral DNA replication. Herein, we examined the mechanism of LEF-11 on BmNPV multiplication and demonstrated that baculovirus LEF-11 interacts with Bombyx mori ATAD3A and HSPD1 (HSP60) protein. Furthermore, we showed that LEF-11 has the ability to induce and up-regulate the expression of ATAD3A and HSPD1, phenomena that were both reversed upon knockdown of lef-11. Our findings showed that ATAD3A and HSPD1 were necessary and contributed to BmNPV multiplication in Bombyx mori cells. Moreover, ATAD3A was found to directly interact with HSPD1. Interestingly, ATAD3A was required for the expression of HSPD1, while the knockdown of HSPD1 had no obvious effect on the expression level of ATAD3A. Taken together, the data presented in the current study demonstrated that baculovirus LEF-11 hijacks the host ATPase family members, ATAD3A and HSPD1, efficiently promote the multiplication of the virus. This study furthers our understanding of how baculovirus modulates energy metabolism of the host and provides a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of antiviral research.
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Zhang X, Liang Z, Yin X, Shao X. Proteomic analysis of the occlusion-derived virus of Clostera anachoreta granulovirus. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2394-2404. [PMID: 25872743 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, proteomic studies have been performed on occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) from five members of the family Baculoviridae, genus Alphabaculovirus, but only a single member of the genus Betabaculovirus (Pieris rapae granulovirus). In this study, LC-MS/MS was used to analyse the ODV proteins of Clostera anachoreta granulovirus (ClanGV), another member of the genus Betabaculovirus. The results indicated that 73 proteins, including the products of 27 baculovirus core genes, were present in ClanGV ODVs. This is the largest number of ODV proteins identified in baculoviruses to date. To the best of our knowledge, 24 of these proteins were newly identified as ODV-associated proteins. Twelve of the proteins were shared by all seven of the other baculoviruses that have been analysed by proteomic techniques, including P49, PIF-2, ODV-EC43, P74, P6.9, P33, VP39, ODV-EC27, VP91, GP41, VLF-1 and VP1054. ClanGV shared between 20 and 36 ODV proteins with each of the other six baculoviruses that have been analysed by proteomics. Ten proteins were identified only as ODV components of ClanGV and PrGV: Clan22, Clan27, Clan69, Clan83, Clan84, Clan90, Clan116, Clan94, FGF-3 and ME53, the first seven of which were encoded by betabaculovirus-specific genes. These findings may provide novel insights into baculovirus structure as well as reveal similarities and differences between alphabaculoviruses and betabaculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zhenpu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
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