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Buelvas N, Ugarte-Vio I, Asencio-Leal L, Muñoz-Uribe M, Martin-Martin A, Rojas-Fernández A, Jara JA, Tapia JC, Arias ME, López-Muñoz RA. Indomethacin Induces Spermidine/Spermine-N 1-Acetyltransferase-1 via the Nucleolin-CDK1 Axis and Synergizes with the Polyamine Oxidase Inhibitor Methoctramine in Lung Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1383. [PMID: 37759783 PMCID: PMC10526249 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin is a non-selective NSAID used against pain and inflammation. Although cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition is considered indomethacin's primary action mechanism, COX-independent ways are associated with beneficial effects in cancer. In colon cancer cells, the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is related to the increase in spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase-1 (SSAT-1), a key enzyme for polyamine degradation, and related to cell cycle arrest. Indomethacin increases the SSAT-1 levels in lung cancer cells; however, the mechanism relying on the SSAT-1 increase is unclear. Thus, we asked for the influence of the PPAR-γ on the SSAT-1 expression in two lung cancer cell lines: H1299 and A549. We found that the inhibition of PPAR-γ with GW9662 did not revert the increase in SSAT-1 induced by indomethacin. Because the mRNA of SSAT-1 suffers a pre-translation retention step by nucleolin, a nucleolar protein, we explored the relationship between indomethacin and the upstream translation regulators of SSAT-1. We found that indomethacin decreases the nucleolin levels and the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) levels, which phosphorylates nucleolin in mitosis. Overexpression of nucleolin partially reverts the effect of indomethacin over cell viability and SSAT-1 levels. On the other hand, Casein Kinase, known for phosphorylating nucleolin during interphase, is not modified by indomethacin. SSAT-1 exerts its antiproliferative effect by acetylating polyamines, a process reverted by the polyamine oxidase (PAOX). Recently, methoctramine was described as the most specific inhibitor of PAOX. Thus, we asked if methoctramine could increase the effect of indomethacin. We found that, when combined, indomethacin and methoctramine have a synergistic effect against NSCLC cells in vitro. These results suggest that indomethacin increases the SSAT-1 levels by reducing the CDK1-nucleolin regulatory axis, and the PAOX inhibition with methoctramine could improve the antiproliferative effect of indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neudo Buelvas
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - Isidora Ugarte-Vio
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - Laura Asencio-Leal
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - Matías Muñoz-Uribe
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - Antonia Martin-Martin
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernández
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
| | - José A. Jara
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 8380544, Chile
| | - Julio C. Tapia
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 8380453, Chile
| | - María Elena Arias
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 4811230, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia P.O. Box 5110566, Chile
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2
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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Zhang X, Hong S, Yang J, Liu J, Wang Y, Peng J, Wang H, Hong L. Purvalanol A induces apoptosis and reverses cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:29-43. [PMID: 35946506 PMCID: PMC9760476 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) resistance limits therapeutic efficacy in patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Purvalanol A (Pur) is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. The present study investigated the effect of the combination treatment of Pur and DDP, and the potential anticancer mechanisms in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells in vitro and in vivo . We found that Pur enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in EOC cells. The combination of Pur and DDP had more significant effects on apoptosis induction in EOC cells compared with the individual-treatment groups and the control group. We further demonstrated that the combination of Pur and DDP may trigger apoptosis and autophagy in EOC cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). And the ROS/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway as a potential mechanism for the initiation of autophagy induced by combination therapy. Similar results were observed in vivo . These results demonstrated that Pur sensitized the response of EOC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo , reversing the resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
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4
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Teo T, Kasirzadeh S, Albrecht H, Sykes MJ, Yang Y, Wang S. An Overview of CDK3 in Cancer: Clinical Significance and Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Zhou ZR, Ji Y. Polyamine homeostasis-based strategies for cancer: The role of combination regimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174456. [PMID: 34464603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermine, spermidine and putrescine polyamines are naturally occurring ubiquitous positively charged amines and are essential metabolites for biological functions in our life. These compounds play a crucial role in many cell processes, including cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Intracellular levels of polyamines depend on their biosynthesis, transport and degradation. Polyamine levels are high in cancer cells, which leads to the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy is considerably rational. Due to compensatory mechanisms, a single strategy does not achieve satisfactory clinical effects when using a single agent. Combination regimens are more clinically promising for cancer chemoprevention because they work synergistically with causing little or no adverse effects due to each individual agent being used at lower doses. Moreover, bioactive substances have advantages over single chemical agents because they can affect multiple targets. In this review, we discuss anticancer strategies targeting polyamine metabolism and describe how combination treatments and effective natural active ingredients are promising therapies. The existing research suggests that polyamine metabolic enzymes are important therapeutic targets and that combination therapies can be more effective than monotherapies based on polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Yan Ji
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
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6
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Do PA, Lee CH. The Role of CDK5 in Tumours and Tumour Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E101. [PMID: 33396266 PMCID: PMC7795262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which belongs to the protein kinase family, regulates neuronal function but is also associated with cancer development and has been proposed as a target for cancer treatment. Indeed, CDK5 has roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Aberrant CDK5 activation triggers tumour progression in numerous types of cancer. In this review, we summarise the role of CDK5 in cancer and neurons and CDK5 inhibitors. We expect that our review helps researchers to develop CDK5 inhibitors as treatments for refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Phamaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team, and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 100-715, Korea;
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Syatkin SP, Neborak EV, Khlebnikov AI, Komarova MV, Shevkun NA, Kravtsov EG, Blagonravov ML, Agostinelli E. The investigation of structure-activity relationship of polyamine-targeted synthetic compounds from different chemical groups. Amino Acids 2019; 52:199-211. [PMID: 31520286 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The polyamine (PA) metabolism is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased cellular PA levels are observed in different types of cancers. Products of PA oxidation induce apoptosis in cancer cells. These observations open a perspective to exploit the enzymes of PA catabolism as a target for anticancer drug design. The substances capable to enhance PA oxidation may become potential anticancer agents. The goal of our study was to explore how the mode of ligand binding with a PA catabolic enzyme is associated with its stimulatory or inhibitory effect upon PA oxidation. Murine N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (5LFO) crystalline structure was used for molecular docking with ligands of various chemical structures. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the action of the tested compounds upon PA oxidative deamination in a cell-free test system from rat liver. Two amino acid residues (Aps211 and Tyr204) in the structure of 5LFO were found to be significant for binding with the tested compounds. 19 out of 51 screened compounds were activators and 17 were inhibitors of oxidative deamination of PA. Taken together, these results enabled to construct a recognition model with characteristic descriptors depicting activators and inhibitors. The general tendency indicated that a strong interaction with Asp211 or Tyr204 was rather typical for activators. The understanding of how the structure determines the binding mode of compounds with PA catabolic enzyme may help in explanation of their structure-activity relationship and thus promote structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P Syatkin
- Medical Institute, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia), Miklukho-Maklaya str.6, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina V Neborak
- Medical Institute, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia), Miklukho-Maklaya str.6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | | | - Natalia A Shevkun
- Drug Product Division, Project Development Department, NEARMEDIC PHARMA LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eduard G Kravtsov
- Medical Institute, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia), Miklukho-Maklaya str.6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Blagonravov
- Medical Institute, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia), Miklukho-Maklaya str.6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- International Polyamines Foundation, ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino, 98, 00159, Rome, Italy
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8
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Rencüzoğullari Ö, Arısan ED, Obakan Yerlikaya P, Çoker Gürkan A, Keskin B, Palavan Ünsal N. Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase potentiates the apoptotic and antimetastatic effects of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors on metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5558-5569. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Rencüzoğullari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arısan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Pinar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ajda Çoker Gürkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Buse Keskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Narçin Palavan Ünsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Ozfiliz-Kilbas P, Sarikaya B, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Coker-Gurkan A, Arisan ED, Temizci B, Palavan-Unsal N. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, roscovitine and purvalanol, induce apoptosis and autophagy related to unfolded protein response in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:815-828. [PMID: 29978381 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Roscovitine (Rosc) and purvalanol (Pur) are competitive inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by targeting their ATP-binding pockets. Both drugs are shown to be effective to decrease cell viability and dysregulate the ratio of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, which finally led to apoptotic cell death in different cancer cell lines in vitro. It was well established that Bcl-2 family members have distinct roles in the regulation of other cellular processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The induction of ER stress has been shown to play critical role in cell death/survival decision via autophagy or apoptosis. In this study, our aim was to investigate the molecular targets of CDK inhibitors on ER stress mechanism related to distinct cell death types in time-dependent manner in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Our results showed that Rosc and Pur decreased the cell viability, cell growth and colony formation, induced ER stress-mediated autophagy or apoptosis in time-dependent manner. Thus, we conclude that exposure of cells to CDK inhibitors induces unfolded protein response and ER stress leading to autophagy and apoptosis processes in HeLa cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ozfiliz-Kilbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Sarikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benan Temizci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narcin Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Cellular and Animal Model Studies on the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Polyamine Analogues on Breast Cancer. Med Sci (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29533973 PMCID: PMC5872181 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine levels are elevated in breast tumors compared to those of adjacent normal tissues. The female sex hormone, estrogen is implicated in the origin and progression of breast cancer. Estrogens stimulate and antiestrogens suppress the expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylate (ODC). Using several bis(ethyl)spermine analogues, we found that these analogues inhibited the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells in culture. There was structure-activity relationship in the efficacy of these compounds in suppressing cell growth. The activity of ODC was inhibited by these compounds, whereas the activity of the catabolizing enzyme, spermidine/spermine N¹-acetyl transferase (SSAT) was increased by 6-fold by bis(ethyl)norspermine in MCF-7 cells. In a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, bis(ethyl)norspermine reduced the formation and growth of spontaneous mammary tumor. Recent studies indicate that induction of polyamine catabolic enzymes SSAT and spermine oxidase (SMO) play key roles in the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of polyamine analogues and their combinations with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel. Thus, polyamine catabolic enzymes might be important therapeutic targets and markers of sensitivity in utilizing polyamine analogues in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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11
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Coker-Gürkan A, Arisan ED, Obakan P, Akalın K, Özbey U, Palavan-Unsal N. Purvalanol induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in a time-dependent manner in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2761-70. [PMID: 25901510 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. Lacking proteosomal function on aggregates of unfolded proteins, ER stress may induce autophagic machinery. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, is characterized by massive degradation of cytosolic contents. In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Fifteen micromoles of purvalanol induced a reduction in cell viability by 20 and 35% within 24 and 48 h, respectively. HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Moreover, we determined that during purvalanol-mediated ER stress, autophagic machinery was also activated prior to apoptotic cell death finalization. Beclin-1 and Atg-5 expression levels were upregulated and LC3 was cleaved after a 6 h purvalanol treatment. Purvalanol induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, caspase-7 and caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage following a 48 h treatment. Thus, we conclude that the anticancer effect of purvalanol in HCT 116 cells was due to ER stress-mediated apoptosis; however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Coker-Gürkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Kübra Akalın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Utku Özbey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Narcin Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy-Istanbul 34156, Turkey
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12
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Polyamines metabolism and breast cancer: state of the art and perspectives. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:233-48. [PMID: 25292420 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common disease that generally occurs in women over the age of 50, and the risk is especially high for women over 60 years of age. One of the major BC therapeutic problems is that tumors initially responsive to chemotherapeutic approaches can progress to more aggressive forms poorly responsive to therapies. Polyamines (PAs) are small polycationic alkylamines, naturally occurring and essential for normal cell growth and development in eukaryotes. The intracellular concentration of PA is maintained within strongly controlled contents, while a dysregulation occurs in BC cells. Polyamines facilitate the interactions of transcription factors, such as estrogen receptors with their specific response element, and are involved in the proliferation of ER-negative and highly invasive BC tumor cells. Since PA metabolism has a critical role in cell death and proliferation, it represents a potential target for intervention in BC. The goal of this study was to perform a literature search reviewing the association between PA metabolism and BC, and the current evidence supporting the BC treatment targeting PA metabolism. We here describe in vitro and in vivo models, as well as the clinical trials that have been utilized to unveil the relationship between PA metabolism and BC. Polyamine pathway is still an important target for the development of BC chemotherapy via enzyme inhibitors. Furthermore, a recent promising strategy in breast anticancer therapy is to exploit the self-regulatory nature of PA metabolism using PA analogs to affect PA homeostasis. Nowadays, antineoplastic compounds targeting the PA pathway with novel mechanisms are of great interest and high social impact for BC chemotherapy.
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