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Li Z, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Ma Y, Lv X, Zhang D, Gu Q, Ke H, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z, Wang X, Sun Z. Identification and Expression Analysis of EPSPS and BAR Families in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3366. [PMID: 37836107 PMCID: PMC10574212 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Weeds seriously affect the yield and quality of crops. Because manual weeding is time-consuming and laborious, the use of herbicides becomes an effective way to solve the harm caused by weeds in fields. Both 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthetase (EPSPS) and acetyltransferase genes (bialaphos resistance, BAR) are widely used to improve crop resistance to herbicides. However, cotton, as the most important natural fiber crop, is not tolerant to herbicides in China, and the EPSPS and BAR family genes have not yet been characterized in cotton. Therefore, we explore the genes of these two families to provide candidate genes for the study of herbicide resistance mechanisms. In this study, 8, 8, 4, and 5 EPSPS genes and 6, 6, 5, and 5 BAR genes were identified in allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, diploid Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. Members of the EPSPS and BAR families were classified into three subgroups based on the distribution of phylogenetic trees, conserved motifs, and gene structures. In addition, the promoter sequences of EPSPS and BAR family members included growth and development, stress, and hormone-related cis-elements. Based on the expression analysis, the family members showed tissue-specific expression and differed significantly in response to abiotic stresses. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of GhEPSPS3, GhEPSPS4, and GhBAR1 were significantly upregulated after exogenous spraying of herbicides. Overall, we characterized the EPSPS and BAR gene families of cotton at the genome-wide level, which will provide a basis for further studying the functions of EPSPS and BAR genes during growth and development and herbicide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.K.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.); (X.L.); (D.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.K.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.M.)
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Huang Z, Liu Y, Zhang C, Jiang C, Huang H, Wei S. Molecular basis of natural tolerance to glyphosate in Convolvulus arvensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8133. [PMID: 31148556 PMCID: PMC6544634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolvulus arvensis is a troublesome weed that is naturally tolerant to glyphosate. This weed tolerates glyphosate at a rate 5.1 times higher than that of glyphosate-susceptible Calystegia hederacea. Glyphosate-treated C. arvensis plants accumulated less shikimic acid than C. hederacea plants. The overexpression of EPSPS genes from the two species in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in similar glyphosate tolerance levels. qPCR of genomic DNA revealed that the EPSPS copy number in C. arvensis was approximately 2 times higher than that in C. hederacea. Moreover, glyphosate treatment caused a marked increase in EPSPS mRNA in C. arvensis compared to C. hederacea. GUS activity analysis showed that the promoter of CaEPSPS (CaEPSPS-P) highly improved GUS expression after glyphosate treatment, while no obvious differential GUS expression was observed in ChEPSPS-P transgenic A. thaliana in the presence or absence of glyphosate. Based on the obtained results, two coexisting mechanisms may explain the natural glyphosate tolerance in C. arvensis: (i) high EPSPS copy number and (ii) specific promoter-mediated overexpression of EPSPS after glyphosate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Chaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cuilan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shouhui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
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Liu F, Cao Y. Expression of a bacterial aroA gene confers tolerance to glyphosate in tobacco plants. Turk J Biol 2019; 42:187-194. [PMID: 30814880 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1712-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that inhibits the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-encoding aroA gene in the shikimate pathway. The discovery and cloning of the aroA gene with high resistance is central to breeding a transgenic glyphosate-resistant plant. A novel aroAPantoea gene from Pantoea G-1 was previously isolated and cloned. The aroA Pantoea enzyme was defined as a new class I EPSPS with glyphosate resistance. The aroA Pantoea gene was introduced into tobacco through Agrobacteriummediated transformation. The transgenic tobacco plants were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR, and Southern blot. The analysis of glyphosate resistance also showed that the transgenic tobacco plants could survive at 15 mM glyphosate; the glyphosate resistance level of the transgenic plants is higher than the agricultural application level recommended by most manufacturers. Overall, this study shows that aroAPantoea can be used as a candidate gene for the development of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yueping Cao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Liu F, Cao Y. Expression of the 5-enoylpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase domain from the Acremonium sp. aroM complex enhances resistance to glyphosate. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:855-864. [PMID: 29478157 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover and isolate a glyphosate-resistant gene from a microorganism through gene mining. RESULTS The full aroM gene from Acremonium sp. (named aroMA.sp.) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The transcriptional expression level of each domain increased significantly after glyphosate treatment in the aroMA.sp. complex and reached its maximum at 48 h. The aroA domain of the aroMA.sp. (named aroA A.sp.) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the product was purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Furthermore, 45 KDa was indicated by SDS-PAGE and its enzyme activity was optimal at 30 °C and PH 7.0. The Ki/Km value of aroAA.sp. was 0.106, and the E. coli BL21 harboring aroAA.sp. could grow in the M9 minimal medium with 100 mM glyphosate. CONCLUSION The aroAA.sp. from the aroMA.sp. complex had high enzyme activity and glyphosate resistance. Therefore, this research offers a new strategy for improving glyphosate resistance using the aroA domain of the aroM complex in the fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Cao
- Plant Science Department, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Ortega JL, Rajapakse W, Bagga S, Apodaca K, Lucero Y, Sengupta-Gopalan C. An intragenic approach to confer glyphosate resistance in chile (Capsicum annuum) by introducing an in vitro mutagenized chile EPSPS gene encoding for a glyphosate resistant EPSPS protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194666. [PMID: 29649228 PMCID: PMC5896900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an important high valued crop worldwide, and when grown on a large scale has problems with weeds. One important herbicide used is glyphosate. Glyphosate inactivates the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), a key enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A transgenic approach towards making glyphosate resistant plants, entails introducing copies of a gene encoding for glyphosate-resistant EPSPS enzyme into the plant. The main objective of our work was to use an intragenic approach to confer resistance to glyphosate in chile which would require using only chile genes for transformation including the selectable marker. Tobacco was used as the transgenic system to identify different gene constructs that would allow for the development of the intragenic system for chile, since chile transformation is inefficient. An EPSPS gene was isolated from chile and mutagenized to introduce substitutions that are known to make the encoded enzyme resistant to glyphosate. The promoter for EPSPS gene was isolated from chile and the mutagenized chile EPSPS cDNA was engineered behind both the CaMV35S promoter and the EPSPS promoter. The leaves from the transformants were checked for resistance to glyphosate using a cut leaf assay. In tobacco, though both gene constructs exhibited some degree of resistance to glyphosate, the construct with the CaMV35S promoter was more effective and as such chile was transformed with this gene construct. The chile transformants showed resistance to low concentrations of glyphosate. Furthermore, preliminary studies showed that the mutated EPSPS gene driven by the CaMV35S promoter could be used as a selectable marker for transformation. We have shown that an intragenic approach can be used to confer glyphosate-resistance in chile. However, we need a stronger chile promoter and a mutated chile gene that encodes for a more glyphosate resistant EPSPS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Wathsala Rajapakse
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Suman Bagga
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Apodaca
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Lucero
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Champa Sengupta-Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
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Mao C, Xie H, Chen S, Valverde BE, Qiang S. Multiple mechanism confers natural tolerance of three lilyturf species to glyphosate. PLANTA 2016; 243:321-35. [PMID: 26411727 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A combination of unique EPSPS structure and increased gene copy number and expression contribute to natural glyphosate tolerance in three lilyturf species. A few plants are naturally tolerant to glyphosate, the most widely used non-selective herbicide worldwide. Here, the basis for natural tolerance to glyphosate in three lilyturf species, Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ), Liriope spicata (LS), and Liriope platyphylla (LP), is characterized. These species tolerate glyphosate at about five times the commercially recommended field dose. They share three unique amino acids in their 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) that affect glyphosate binding. These correspond to Asp71Met, Ala112Ile, and Val201Met amino acid variations compared to 231 other published plant EPSPS amino acid sequences. There was also a common deletion at 91 of a highly conserved glutamic acid. Glyphosate-treated lilyturf plants accumulated little shikimic acid but had significantly higher levels of EPSPS mRNA than initially expressed in the control. The IC50 of LsEPSPS was 14.0 µM compared to the 5.1 µM of Arabidopsis thaliana. The higher K m and K i values of LsEPSPS kinetics showed that LsEPSPS had lower substrate binding affinity to glyphosate. Overexpression of LsEPSPS in the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain enhanced its tolerance to glyphosate. Both OJ and LS had two copies of the EPSPS gene, while LP had three copies. Therefore, a combination of unique EPSPS structure and increased gene copy number and expression contribute to natural glyphosate tolerance in the three lilyturf species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Mao
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Xie
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bernal E Valverde
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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