1
|
Liang B, Bai Y, Zang C, Pei X, Xie J, Lin Y, Liu X, Ahsan T, Liang C. Overexpression of the First Peanut-Susceptible Gene, AhS5H1 or AhS5H2, Enhanced Susceptibility to Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14210. [PMID: 37762513 PMCID: PMC10531710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) serves as a pivotal plant hormone involved in regulating plant defense mechanisms against biotic stresses, but the extent of its biological significance in relation to peanut resistance is currently lacking. This study elucidated the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance in peanuts through the experimental approach of inoculating SA-treated leaves. In several other plants, the salicylate hydroxylase genes are the typical susceptible genes (S genes). Here, we characterized two SA hydroxylase genes (AhS5H1 and AhS5H2) as the first S genes in peanut. Recombinant AhS5H proteins catalyzed SA in vitro, and showed SA 5-ydroxylase (S5H) activity. Overexpression of AhS5H1 or AhS5H2 decreased SA content and increased 2,5-DHBA levels in Arabidopsis, suggesting that both enzymes had a similar role in planta. Moreover, overexpression of each AhS5H gene increased susceptibility to Pst DC3000. Analysis of the transcript levels of defense-related genes indicated that the expression of AhS5H genes, AhNPR1 and AhPR10 was simultaneously induced by chitin. Overexpression of each AhS5H in Arabidopsis abolished the induction of AtPR1 or AtPR2 upon chitin treatment. Eventually, AhS5H2 expression levels were highly correlated with SA content in different tissues of peanut. Hence, the expression of AhS5H1 and AhS5H2 was tissue-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Yuanjun Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
- Institute of Rice Research, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110101, China
| | - Chaoqun Zang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Xue Pei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Jinhui Xie
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Ying Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Taswar Ahsan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| | - Chunhao Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu M, Zhou J, Liu Y, Yang J, Tan X. CoNPR1 and CoNPR3.1 are involved in SA- and MeSA- mediated growth of the pollen tube in Camellia oleifera. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2181-2190. [PMID: 33786839 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone involved in a series of growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is the core regulatory gene in the process of SA-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Whether NPR1 is involved in pollen tube growth mediated by SA and its derivative MeSA (methyl salicylate) remains to be explored. Here, we found that the contents of endogenous SA and MeSA in self- or cross-pollinated pistils changed significantly, and exogenous SA and MeSA significantly promoted pollen germination and pollen tube elongation of Camellia oleifera at lower concentrations. CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 were identified, and they were all located in the nucleus. A high level of consistency was observed across the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and functional domains, indicating a clear division of function, as observed in other species. The expression levels of CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 in self- and cross-pollinated pistils had certain regularity. Furthermore, they exhibited tissue-specific expression pattern. CoNPR1 and CoNPR3.1 were expressed in pollen tubes, whose expression was regulated by SA or MeSA, and their expression patterns were basically consistent with the trend of pollen germination. These results indicate that SA and MeSA are involved in the pollen tube growth of C. oleifera, and CoNPRs may play an important role therein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001, China
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and Related Family: Mechanistic Insights in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30815005 PMCID: PMC6381062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription co-factors. Initially, NPR1 in Arabidopsis was identified as a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 were later shown to be negative SAR regulators. The mechanisms involved have been the subject of extensive research and debate over the years, during which time a lot has been uncovered. The known roles of this protein family have extended to include influences over a broad range of systems including circadian rhythm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins and the development of lateral organs. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the regulatory relationship between members of the NPR1-like protein family, providing new insight regarding their interactions, both with each other and other defense-related proteins. Most importantly the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on these interactions has become clearer with NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 being considered bone fide SA receptors. Additionally, post-translational modification of NPR1 has garnered attention during the past years, adding to the growing regulatory complexity of this protein. Furthermore, growing interest in NPR1 overexpressing crops has provided new insights regarding the role of NPR1 in both biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Given the wealth of information, this review aims to highlight and consolidate the most relevant and influential research in the field to date. In so doing, we attempt to provide insight into the mechanisms and interactions which underly the roles of the NPR1-like proteins in plant disease responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Noëlani van den Berg,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva KJP, Mahna N, Mou Z, Folta KM. NPR1 as a transgenic crop protection strategy in horticultural species. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 29581883 PMCID: PMC5862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The NPR1 (NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES1) gene has a central role in the long-lasting, broad-spectrum defense response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When overexpressed in a transgenic context in Arabidopsis thaliana, this gene enhances resistance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Its position as a key regulator of defense across diverse plant species makes NPR1 a strong candidate gene for genetic engineering disease and stress tolerance into other crops. High-value horticultural crops face many new challenges from pests and pathogens, and their emergence exceeds the pace of traditional breeding, making the application of NPR1-based strategies potentially useful in fruit and vegetable crops. However, plants overexpressing NPR1 occasionally present detrimental morphological traits that make its application less attractive. The practical utility of NPR-based approaches will be a balance of resistance gains versus other losses. In this review, we summarize the progress on the understanding of NPR1-centered applications in horticultural and other crop plants. We also discuss the effect of the ectopic expression of the A. thaliana NPR1 gene and its orthologs in crop plants and outline the future challenges of using NPR1 in agricultural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser Mahna
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nic-Matos G, Narváez M, Peraza-Echeverría S, Sáenz L, Oropeza C. Molecular cloning of two novel NPR1 homologue genes in coconut palm and analysis of their expression in response to the plant defense hormone salicylic acid. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|