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Słomiński B, Skrzypkowska M, Myśliwiec M, Trzonkowski P. Associations of the obesity gene FTO variant with complications and comorbidities in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111683. [PMID: 38663549 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Because FTO gene is connected with the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, as well as type 2 diabetes, we hypothesize that the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism may affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) complications and comorbidities. METHODS We have investigated the associations of the FTO gene variant with the T1D and its complications and comorbidities, as well as the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and lipid profiles. RESULTS The key results of our study are as follows: (1) the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism does not predispose individuals to T1D; (2) AA genotype is associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, retinopathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia and celiac disease; (3) AT genotype is associated with a decreased risk of retinopathy and celiac disease, whereas TT genotype is connected with decreased risk of dyslipidemia; (4) the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism affects the inflammatory status as well as lipid profile in T1D patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results, for the first time, comprehensively indicate that the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism could be considered a genetic marker for increased susceptibility to T1D complications and comorbidities as well as suggests importance of FTO-mediated pathways in their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Słomiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maria Skrzypkowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Chair & Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Wei R, Zhao F, Kong L, Pu Y, Li Y, Zang C. The antagonistic effect of FTO on METTL14 promotes AKT3 m 6A demethylation and the progression of esophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:131. [PMID: 38491196 PMCID: PMC10943165 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most abundant modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays vital roles in many biological processes. METHODS Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to screen for m6A targets in esophageal cancer cells and patients. The role of m6A RNA methylase in esophageal cancer was also analyzed using bioinformatics. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to analyze gene expression and function. CCK-8, colony formation, cell apoptosis and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells, respectively. Western blot analysis, RNA stability, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. RESULTS We found that the m6A demethylase FTO was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer cell lines and patient tissues. In vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that FTO was involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the m6A methyltransferase METTL14 negatively regulates FTO function in esophageal cancer progression. FTO alone is not related to the prognosis of esophageal cancer, and its function is antagonized by METTL14. By using transcriptome-wide m6A-seq and RNA-seq assays, we revealed that AKT3 is a downstream target of FTO and acts in concert to regulate the tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal cancer. Taken together, these findings provide insight into m6A-mediated tumorigenesis in esophageal cancer and could lead to the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingsuo Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Youguang Pu
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunbao Zang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Amine Ikhanjal M, Ali Elouarid M, Zouine C, El Alami H, Errafii K, Ghazal H, Alidrissi N, Bakkali F, Benmoussa A, Hamdi S. FTO gene variants (rs9939609, rs8050136 and rs17817449) and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A Meta-Analysis. Gene 2023; 887:147791. [PMID: 37696421 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is tremendous increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. The impact of FTO gene polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM is not yet clear because of the controversial results of studies. This meta-analysis aimed to better clarify the association between three FTO gene polymorphisms SNPs (rs9939609, rs8050136 and rs17817449) and T2DM in a larger combined population worldwide. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search on the PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify investigations in relationship between different FTO gene polymorphisms (rs9939609, rs8050136 and rs17817449) and T2DM globally. Published papers from January 2007 to May 2023 were collected. Inclusion criteria are limited to human case-control studies published in English and peer-reviewed, which provided data on the genotype distributions of FTO gene polymorphisms and T2DM risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to express the results of the meta-analysis. Potential sources of bias and heterogeneity using Egger's regression analysis were also assessed. RESULTS Of 234695 identified articles, forty-eight studies were selected including 36,051 patients with T2DM and 51,266 control subjects. Overall, we found a significant increased risk of T2DM susceptibility and rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism in the Allele contrast (A vs. T: OR = 1,30, 95% CI = 1.14; 1.48, P < 0,05, I2 = 0,94), Recessive model (AA vs. AT + TT: OR = 1,54, 95% CI = 1.19; 2.00, P < 0,05, I2 = 0,94), Dominant model (AA + AT vs. TT: OR = 1,26, 95% CI = 1.10; 1.45, P < 0,05, I2 = 0,89), homozygote model (AA vs. TT: OR = 1,60, 95% CI = 1.26; 2.03, P < 0,05, I2 = 0,90), and heterozygote model (AA vs. AT: OR = 1,43, 95% CI = 1.09; 1.88, P = 0,008, I2 = 0,93). we also found a significantly increased risk of T2DM susceptibility and rs8050136 FTO gene polymorphism under all models. For rs17817449 we did not find any association between with T2DM. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis confirms that rs9939609 and rs8050136 in the FTO gene are significantly associated with T2DM, while rs17817449 does not show any association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amine Ikhanjal
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco; University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Ali Elouarid
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco; University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco.
| | - Chaimae Zouine
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco; University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco.
| | - Houda El Alami
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco.
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- African Genomic Center (AGC), University Mohamed VI Polytechnic, Bengurir, Morocco.
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Genomics, Bioinformatics and Digital Health, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Science and Health, Casablanca, Morocco;s Royal Institute for Management Training, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Najib Alidrissi
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Genomics, Bioinformatics and Digital Health, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco; Hospital Cheikh Khalifa, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Fadil Bakkali
- University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco; Laboratory of toxicology, toxicogenomics and ecotoxicology, University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco.
| | - Adnane Benmoussa
- University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco; Laboratory of toxicology, toxicogenomics and ecotoxicology, University of Mohamed VI of Sciences and Health, Morocco.
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco.
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Lamichhane P, Qureshi MR, Islam N, Sanipini S, Gopaul V, Razick SD, Agrawal A, Falfan-Valencia R. Lack of association of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4981-4988. [PMID: 37811091 PMCID: PMC10553135 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our meta-analysis aims to explore the association of two single nucleotide variants; rs9939609 and rs8050136, within the FTO gene with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods The association of two single nucleotide variants with PTB in three genetic models was evaluated using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results No significant association was observed between the rs9939609 polymorphism and PTB when assuming an allelic model (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.85-1.41; P=0.47; I2 = 64.98%), a recessive model (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 0.87-4.77; P=0.10; I2 = 67.18%), or a dominant model (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83-1.11; P=0.56; I2 = 27.45%). Likewise, no association was observed between rs8050136 polymorphism and PTB when assuming allelic model (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.87-1.58; P=0.31; I2 = 64.20%) or recessive model (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.32-3.38; P=0.95; I2 = 68.82%) or dominant model (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.87-1.71; P=0.26; I2 = 58.69%). Conclusion There might be no association between the rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants in the FTO gene, and the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabila Islam
- Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Anushka Agrawal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramces Falfan-Valencia
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Li WX, Jiang S, Liu WJ, Zhang CY. RNA demethylation-driven functional supramolecular structure for label-free detection of m 6A modification eraser FTO in human breast tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341208. [PMID: 37121657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated enzyme (FTO) can dynamically regulate N6-methyladenosine modification, and it is engaged in various cellular functions. Herein, we demonstrate the RNA demethylation-driven functional supramolecular structure for label-free detection of m6A modification eraser FTO in human breast tissues. The presence of FTO catalyzes the removal of methyl group in m6A, causing the cleavage of demethylated DNA by DpnII and the release of DNA primer. The resultant DNA primer hybridizes with circular template to initiate isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA), producing abundant long ssDNA polymers with repeating sequences of G-quadruplex. Subsequently, N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) is selectively embedded into G-quadruplex DNAzyme to form a supramolecular NMM-G-quadruplex structure for the generation of an amplified fluorescence signal. Benefiting from high selectivity of DpnII toward demethylated DNA, high amplification efficiency of RCA, and high signal-to-noise ratio of G-quadruplex-NMM system, this assay can sensitively detect FTO with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.10 × 10-16 M, screen RNA demethylase inhibitors, quantify FTO activity in cancer cells, and discriminate FTO activity between breast cancer patient tissues and healthy person tissues. Importantly, this assay can be homogeneously conducted in a label-free manner, with great potential in RNA demethylases-related pathogenesis research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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6
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Li Q, Zhu Q. The role of demethylase AlkB homologs in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153463. [PMID: 37007161 PMCID: PMC10060643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AlkB family (ALKBH1-8 and FTO), a member of the Fe (II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, has shown the ability to catalyze the demethylation of a variety of substrates, including DNA, RNA, and histones. Methylation is one of the natural organisms’ most prevalent forms of epigenetic modifications. Methylation and demethylation processes on genetic material regulate gene transcription and expression. A wide variety of enzymes are involved in these processes. The methylation levels of DNA, RNA, and histones are highly conserved. Stable methylation levels at different stages can coordinate the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Dynamic methylation changes are essential for the abilities of cell growth, differentiation, and division. In some malignancies, the methylation of DNA, RNA, and histones is frequently altered. To date, nine AlkB homologs as demethylases have been identified in numerous cancers’ biological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the research of the structures, enzymatic activities, and substrates of the AlkB homologs and the role of these nine homologs as demethylases in cancer genesis, progression, metastasis, and invasion. We provide some new directions for the AlkB homologs in cancer research. In addition, the AlkB family is expected to be a new target for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsan Zhu,
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7
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The higher body mass index is associated with a lower somatic mutation dependency in hepatocellular carcinoma. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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8
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Orsolic I, Carrier A, Esteller M. Genetic and epigenetic defects of the RNA modification machinery in cancer. Trends Genet 2023; 39:74-88. [PMID: 36379743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was initially considered to be an exclusively genetic disease, but an interplay of dysregulated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms is now known to contribute to the cancer phenotype. More recently, chemical modifications of RNA molecules - the so-called epitranscriptome - have been found to regulate various aspects of RNA function and homeostasis. Specific enzymes, known as RNA-modifying proteins (RMPs), are responsible for depositing, removing, and reading chemical modifications in RNA. Intensive investigations in the epitranscriptomic field in recent years, in conjunction with great technological advances, have revealed the critical role of RNA modifications in regulating numerous cellular pathways. Furthermore, growing evidence has revealed that RNA modification machinery is often altered in human cancers, highlighting the enormous potential of RMPs as pharmacological targets or diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Orsolic
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arnaud Carrier
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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9
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Weng H, Huang H, Chen J. N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:105-123. [PMID: 38228961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Over 170 nucleotide variants have been discovered in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs so far. However, only a few of them, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A), could be mapped in the transcriptome. These RNA modifications appear to be dynamically regulated, with writer, eraser, and reader proteins being identified for each modification. As a result, there is a growing interest in studying their biological impacts on normal bioprocesses and tumorigenesis over the past few years. As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, m6A plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA fate via regulating almost all aspects of mRNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, RNA stability, and translation. Studies on mRNA m6A modification serve as a great example for exploring other modifications on mRNA. In this chapter, we will review recent advances in the study of biological functions and regulation of mRNA modifications, specifically m6A, in both normal hematopoiesis and malignant hematopoiesis. We will also discuss the potential of targeting mRNA modifications as a treatment for hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huilin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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10
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Doaei S, Abdollahi S, Mohseni GK, Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Poorhosseini SM, Bagheri SE, Ghafouri‐Fard S, Tabesh GA, Moslem A, Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh N, Omidi S, Hekmatdoost A, Alam Rajabi M, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Goodarzi MO. The effects of
FTO
gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between breast cancer and dietary intake. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5794-5806. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Mohammad Poorhosseini
- Genomic Research Center, Department of Medical Genetic Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elaheh Bagheri
- Master Student of Epidemiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
- Nurse Anesthesia Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) Langroud Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard
- Genomic Research Center, Department of Medical Genetic Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Genomic Research Center, Department of Medical Genetic Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Department of Anesthesiology Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Sabzevar Iran
| | | | - Saeed Omidi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Alam Rajabi
- Department of Pathology Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center California Los Angeles USA
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Nie F, Tang Q, Liu Y, Qin H, Liu S, Wu M, Feng P, Chen W. RNAME: a comprehensive database of RNA modification enzymes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6244-6249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Lu X, Jin Y, Li D, Zhang J, Han J, Li Y. Multidisciplinary Progress in Obesity Research. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1772. [PMID: 36292657 PMCID: PMC9601416 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that endangers human health. In recent years, the phenomenon of obesity has become more and more common, and it has become a global epidemic. Obesity is closely associated with many adverse metabolic changes and diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, nervous system diseases and some malignant tumors, which have caused a huge burden on the country's medical finance. In most countries of the world, the incidence of cancer caused by obesity is increasing year on year. Diabetes associated with obesity can lead to secondary neuropathy. How to treat obesity and its secondary diseases has become an urgent problem for patients, doctors and society. This article will summarize the multidisciplinary research on obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dexin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang ZY, Li DL, Tian X, Li Y, Zhang CY. Single-Molecule Counting of FTO in Human Breast Tissues Based on a Rolling Circle Transcription Amplification-Driven Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat─Cas12a. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11425-11432. [PMID: 35916620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine modification as an mRNA modification in mammalian cells is dynamically reversible, regulated by RNA demethylase [e.g., fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)]. The abnormal expression of FTO is closely related to numerous diseases (e.g., various cancers and obesity). Herein, we demonstrate the single-molecule counting of FTO in human cancer cells and breast tissues based on a T7 RNA polymerase-mediated rolling circle transcription (RCT) amplification-driven clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)─Cas12a. When FTO is present, it demethylates the DNA substrate, initiating the DpnII-mediated cleavage reaction. After magnetic separation, the cleaved DNA fragments trigger the T7 RNA polymerase-mediated RCT amplification, activating CRISPR-/Cas12a-mediated cleavage of signal probes and releasing abundant FAM molecules that are simply counted via single-molecule detection. In this assay, only target FTO can generate CRISPR RNAs, efficiently improving detection specificity. Moreover, the integration of single-molecule detection with magnetic separation achieves zero background and effectively enhances detection sensitivity. This method can specifically and sensitively monitor FTO activity with a limit of detection of 1.20 × 10-13 M, and it may measure FTO at the single-cell level. Furthermore, it may accurately discriminate the FTO expression level in breast tissues between healthy persons and breast cancer patients and screen the FTO inhibitors as well, with great potential in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaorui Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Institute of Immunity and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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14
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FTO mediated ERBB2 demethylation promotes tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:623-639. [PMID: 35524932 PMCID: PMC9338917 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent and internal modification that occurs in the messenger RNAs of eukaryotes. However, knowledge of the impact of these modifications on gene expression regulation remains limited. By using the in vitro MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq assays, we discovered that the mRNA demethylase FTO was significantly up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and cells. Knockdown of FTO drastically suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Furthermore, by using transcriptome-wide m6A-seq and RNA-seq assays, we identified ERBB2 is the target of FTO, which acts in concert in ESCC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Moreover, loss and gain functional studies suggested that the m6A reader YTHDF1 stabilizes ERBB2 mRNA via decoding the m6A modification. All these results uncovered a new signaling cascade, including FTO, YTHDF1, and ERBB2, which finely regulates the ESCC progression.
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15
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Li Y, Zhou D, Liu Q, Zhu W, Ye Z, He C. Gene Polymorphisms of m6A Erasers FTO and ALKBH1 Associated with Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:547-559. [PMID: 35669943 PMCID: PMC9166898 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s360912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dalei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zulu Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Caiyun He; Zulu Ye, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18665593050; +86-15017590433, Fax +20-87340921, Email ;
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16
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Xu A, Zhang J, Zuo L, Yan H, Chen L, Zhao F, Fan F, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yin X, Cheng Q, Gao S, Deng J, Mei H, Huang Z, Sun C, Hu Y. FTO promotes multiple myeloma progression by posttranscriptional activation of HSF1 in an m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1104-1118. [PMID: 34915192 PMCID: PMC8899603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most pervasive internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, plays a crucial role in various cancers, but its role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis has not yet been investigated. In this study, we revealed significantly decreased m6A methylation in plasma cells (PCs) from MM patients and showed that the abnormal m6A level resulted mainly from upregulation of the demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that FTO plays a tumor-promoting and pro-metastatic role in MM. Combined m6A and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent validation and functional studies identified heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) as a functional target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. FTO significantly promotes MM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HSF1/HSPs in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. FTO inhibition, especially when combined with bortezomib (BTZ) treatment, synergistically inhibited myeloma bone tumor formation and extramedullary spread in NOD-Prkdcem26Cd52il2rgem26Cd22/Nju (NCG) mice. We demonstrated the functional importance of m6A demethylase FTO in MM progression, especially in promoting extramedullary myeloma (EMM) formation, and proposed the FTO-HSF1/HSP axis as a potential novel therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshuang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiasi Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liping Zuo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuejiao Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianwen Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Su Gao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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17
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Montazeri F, Hatami A, Fathi S, Hassanpour N, Bourbour F, Rastgoo S, Shafiee F, Akbari ME, Gholamalizadeh M, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Doaei S. FTO genotype was associated with breast cancer in HER2 negative patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:495-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Relier S, Rivals E, David A. The multifaceted functions of the Fat mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO) in normal and cancer cells. RNA Biol 2021; 19:132-142. [PMID: 35067178 PMCID: PMC8786332 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2016203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen mRNA modification emerge as a new layer of gene expression regulation. The Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) was the first identified eraser of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) adducts, the most widespread modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA. This discovery, of a reversible and dynamic RNA modification, aided by recent technological advances in RNA mass spectrometry and sequencing has led to the birth of the field of epitranscriptomics. FTO crystallized much of the attention of epitranscriptomics researchers and resulted in the publication of numerous, yet contradictory, studies describing the regulatory role of FTO in gene expression and central biological processes. These incongruities may be explained by a wide spectrum of FTO substrates and RNA sequence preferences: FTO binds multiple RNA species (mRNA, snRNA and tRNA) and can demethylate internal m6A in mRNA and snRNA, N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) adjacent to the mRNA cap, and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. Here, we review current knowledge related to FTO function in healthy and cancer cells. In particular, we emphasize the divergent role(s) attributed to FTO in different tissues and subcellular and molecular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Rivals
- LIRMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre David
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- IRMB-PPC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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19
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Chang LL, Xu XQ, Liu XL, Guo QQ, Fan YN, He BX, Zhang WZ. Emerging role of m6A methylation modification in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:663. [PMID: 34895230 PMCID: PMC8666073 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
m6A (N6-methyladenosine) methylation, a well-known modification in tumour epigenetics, dynamically and reversibly fine tunes the entire process of RNA metabolism. Aberrant levels of m6A and its regulators, which can predict the survival and outcomes of cancer patients, are involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis and resistance. Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks first among gynaecological tumours in the causes of death. At first diagnosis, patients with OC are usually at advanced stages owing to a lack of early biomarkers and effective targets. After treatment, patients with OC often develop drug resistance. This article reviews the recent experimental advances in understanding the role of m6A modification in OC, raising the possibility to treat m6A modification and its regulators as promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for OC. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Xia-Qing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Nan Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Bao-Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127# Dongming Rd, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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20
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Liu T, Tang H. Roles of M6A Regulators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Promotion or Suppression. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:40-50. [PMID: 34825870 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666211126105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth globally diagnosed cancer with a poor prognosis. Although the pathological factors of hepatocellular carcinoma are well elucidated, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an adenosine methylation occurring at the N6 site, which is the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Recent studies have shown that m6A can regulate gene expression, thus modulating the processes of cell self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. The methyls in m6A are installed by methyltransferases ("writers"), removed by demethylases ("erasers") and recognized by m6A-binding proteins ("readers"). In this review, we discuss the roles of above regulators in the progression and prognosis of HCC, and summarize the clinical association between m6A modification and hepatocellular carcinoma, so as to provide more valuable information for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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21
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Pauli C, Kienhöfer M, Göllner S, Müller-Tidow C. Epitranscriptomic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: m 6A and 2'- O-methylation as targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1531-1546. [PMID: 34634841 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of RNA commonly occur in all species. Multiple enzymes are involved as writers, erasers and readers of these modifications. Many RNA modifications or the respective enzymes are associated with human disease and especially cancer. Currently, the mechanisms how RNA modifications impact on a large number of intracellular processes are emerging and knowledge about the pathogenetic role of RNA modifications increases. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has emerged as an important modulator of leukemogenesis. The writer proteins METTL3 and METTL14 are both involved in AML pathogenesis and might be suitable therapeutic targets. Recently, close links between 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-me) of ribosomal RNA and leukemogenesis were discovered. The AML1-ETO oncofusion protein which specifically occurs in a subset of AML was found to depend on induction of snoRNAs and 2'-O-me for leukemogenesis. Also, NPM1, an important tumor suppressor in AML, was associated with altered snoRNAs and 2'-O-me. These findings point toward novel pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. The current knowledge and the implications are the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Pauli
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kienhöfer
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Göllner
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-Heidelberg University Hospital, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Doaei S, Davoodi SH, Bahar B, Tabesh GA, Sadeghi H, Razavi Hashemi M, Kheyrani E, Rastgoo S, Hajipour A, Aslany Z, Mirfakhraie R, Mosavi Jarrahi A. The Association of Fat-Mass-and Obesity-Associated Gene Polymorphism (rs9939609) With Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732515. [PMID: 34650918 PMCID: PMC8506030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The association between the rs9939609 polymorphism of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and risk of colorectal cancer is controversial. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) in Iranian people. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 125 patients with CRC and 250 healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran. Demographic data and blood samples were collected from all participants. Genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphism was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. Results The occurrence of AA genotype of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in the colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher compared to that of healthy subjects (16.4 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P=0.02). The association between the frequency of risk allele of the FTO polymorphism and CRC (B=1.67, P=0.042) remained significant after adjustment for age. Further adjustment for gender (model 2) and marital status (model 3) did not change this result (B=1.67, P= 0.042 and B=1.67, P=0.043, respectively). The results remained significant after additional adjustment for ethnicity (B=1.57, P= 0.047). Conclusion We found a positive association between the A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism and CRC. Future studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Razavi Hashemi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Rastgoo
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslany
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Tian Z, Zeng J, Shen W. Research progress concerning m 6A methylation and cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:775. [PMID: 34589154 PMCID: PMC8442141 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a type of methylation modification on RNA molecules, which was first discovered in 1974, and has become a hot topic in life science in recent years. m6A modification is an epigenetic regulation similar to DNA and histone modification and is dynamically reversible in mammalian cells. This chemical marker of RNA is produced by m6A 'writers' (methylase) and can be degraded by m6A 'erasers' (demethylase). Methylated reading protein is the 'reader', that can recognize the mRNA containing m6A and regulate the expression of downstream genes accordingly. m6A methylation is involved in all stages of the RNA life cycle, including RNA processing, nuclear export, translation and regulation of RNA degradation, indicating that m6A plays a crucial role in RNA metabolism. Recent studies have shown that m6A modification is a complicated regulatory network in different cell lines, tissues and spatio-temporal models, and m6A methylation is associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. The present review describes the regulatory mechanism and physiological functions of m6A methylation, and its research progress in several types of human tumor, to provide novel approaches for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Weigan Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
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24
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Zheng QK, Ma C, Ullah I, Hu K, Ma RJ, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO in Malignant Tumors Progression. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4837-4846. [PMID: 34556998 PMCID: PMC8453432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s329232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was discovered initially to regulate body mass index and obesity and was subsequently found to be the first mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation enzyme, which can demethylate m6A. A growing body of evidence shows that m6A modification is involved in a variety of cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and self-renewal through different regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that m6A modification play key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. As a function of m6A demethylase, FTO has attracted more and more attention in cancer. There is evidence that specific FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be significantly associated with overweight and cancer susceptibility by regulating the expression of related genes. Besides, when the expression level of FTO is altered or dysfunctional, it may be involved in the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene, usually in an m6A-dependent manner. Further research found that FTO is involved in the development of different kinds of malignant tumors, but the mechanism is unknown. According to this review, The FTO gene's research progress in tumors is reviewed, aiming to find new targets for molecular pathological diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kang Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Surgery, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Xiao F, Zhou J. FTO Gene Polymorphisms Contribute to the Predisposition and Radiotherapy Efficiency of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1239-1245. [PMID: 34611423 PMCID: PMC8487284 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s325895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is mainly concentrated in East and Southeast Asia. This study aims to elucidate the potential associations of functional SNPs in the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) with NPC risk and radiotherapy outcomes in a Chinese population. Methods Functional SNP rs1477196 G>A, rs9939609 T>A, rs7206790 C>G, and rs8047395 A>G were genotyped and evaluated for their associations with NPC risk and radiotherapy outcomes. Results Both rs9939609 (allele A versus allele T: OR=1.59; 95% CI=1.17–2.17; P-value=0.003) and rs8047395 (allele G versus allele A: OR=0.76; 95% CI=0.64–0.9; P-value=0.002) were significantly associated with risk of NPC. GTEx showed risk allele A of rs9939609 and rs8047395 were significantly associated with higher FTO mRNA levels in skeletal muscle tissue, which also corroborated our findings. Meanwhile, both rs1477196 (allele A versus allele G: OR=1.64; 95% CI=1.09–2.49; P-value=0.019) and rs9939609 (allele A versus allele T: OR=0.61; 95% CI=0.43–0.87; P-value=0.006) were significantly associated with complete remission (CR) of NPC. Conclusion Our study identified that FTO polymorphisms contributed to the susceptibility and radiotherapy efficacy of NPC. These results shed light on the potential of establishing markers for predicting risk and personalized treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Zhou
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianrong Zhou School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Changda Road, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China Email
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Falbová D, Vorobeľová L, Siváková D, Beňuš R. Association between FTO (rs17817449) genetic variant, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and hypertension in Slovak midlife women. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23672. [PMID: 34436809 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study investigates associations between the FTO rs 17817449 genetic variant, liver enzymes, and hypertension in Slovak midlife women. METHODS We assessed 576 Slovak women aged 39 to 65 years. The women were interviewed and examined during their medical examination at local Health Centers and then divided into subgroups according to their blood pressure status; 255 women with hypertension and 321 normotensive. The FTO genetic variant was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Resultant data was analyzed by linear regression analysis and general linear models to adjust for risk factors associated with gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (GGT), including waist to hip ratio (WHR) and uric acid (UA). RESULTS A significant association between the FTO variant and GGT levels was observed in the hypertensive group after control for confounding covariates, including WHR and UA (p = .004). The predicted GGT level for GT/TT hypertensive carriers is 0.158 μkat/L higher than for GG carriers. Moreover, the two-way analysis of covariance revealed significant interaction between FTO effects and hypertension on logGGT levels (p = .042). Finally, hypertensive women with the T-allele had the highest estimated marginal mean value of logGGT at -0.39 μkat/L while the GG-genotype in both hypertensive and normotensive women had the lowest value at -0.54 μkat/L. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the FTO (rs17817449) variant is associated with higher serum GGT levels in hypertensive midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Falbová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Vorobeľová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Siváková
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Structural characteristics of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FTO demethylase. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1475-1489. [PMID: 34240624 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the FTO gene is closely related to obesity and weight gain in humans. FTO is an N6-methyladenosine demethylase and is linked to an increased risk of obesity and a variety of diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, glioblastoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. In light of the significant role of FTO, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the FTO protein provides not only a powerful tool for grasping the active site of FTO but also a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of drugs targeting the FTO protein. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of FTO inhibitors and discusses the occurrence of obesity and cancer caused by FTO gene overexpression.
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Nombela P, Miguel-López B, Blanco S. The role of m 6A, m 5C and Ψ RNA modifications in cancer: Novel therapeutic opportunities. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:18. [PMID: 33461542 PMCID: PMC7812662 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression programmes. Significant advances have been made in understanding the functional role of RNA modifications in regulating coding and non-coding RNA processing and function, which in turn thoroughly shape distinct gene expression programmes. They affect diverse biological processes, and the correct deposition of many of these modifications is required for normal development. Alterations of their deposition are implicated in several diseases, including cancer. In this Review, we focus on the occurrence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and pseudouridine (Ψ) in coding and non-coding RNAs and describe their physiopathological role in cancer. We will highlight the latest insights into the mechanisms of how these posttranscriptional modifications influence tumour development, maintenance, and progression. Finally, we will summarize the latest advances on the development of small molecule inhibitors that target specific writers or erasers to rewind the epitranscriptome of a cancer cell and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Nombela
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Borja Miguel-López
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Blanco
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Wang JY, Chen LJ, Qiang P. The Potential Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Demethylase Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene (FTO) in Human Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12845-12856. [PMID: 33364780 PMCID: PMC7751723 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated gene(FTO), previously recognized to be related with obesity and diabetes, was gradually discovered to be dysregulated in multiple cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role. However, the specific expression and pro- or anti-cancer role of FTO in various cancers remained controversial. In this review, through summarizing the available literature, we found that FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were closely related with cancer risk. Additionally, the dysregulation of FTO was implicated in multiple biological processes, such as cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell-cycle, differentiation, stem cell self-renewal and so on. These modulations mostly relied on the communications between FTO and specific signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, FTO had great potential for clinical application by serving as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qiang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China
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Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphisms, pre-diagnostic plasma adipokine levels and the risk of colorectal cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229005. [PMID: 32053666 PMCID: PMC7017986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although their functional outcomes remain largely unknown, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) may interact with adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, to modify the risk of colorectal cancer. We conducted a prospective study of 375 colorectal cancer cases and 750 matched controls to examine the effects of SNPs in the FTO, either alone or in interaction with pre-diagnostic plasma adipokine levels. Using a conditional logistic regression model, we obtained odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of colorectal cancer. Seven SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium demonstrated a similarly positive association with colorectal cancer, and most evidently for rs1558902, rs8050136, rs3751812, and rs9939609 (Ptrend = 0.02). Of interest, we observed a statistically significant interaction of rs8050136 with plasma total adiponectin levels (Pinteraction = 0.03). Compared to non-carriers in the lowest quintile of plasma total adiponectin, A allele carriers in the same quintile showed a considerably elevated risk of colorectal cancer, with a body mass index-adjusted OR of 2.54 (95% CI, 1.36-4.75). This investigation of the interaction between SNPs in the FTO and pre-diagnostic plasma adipokine levels has revealed the importance of both genetic and hormonal factors associated with adiposity in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Lan N, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Pu S, Xi H, Nie X, Liu J, Yuan W. FTO - A Common Genetic Basis for Obesity and Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:559138. [PMID: 33304380 PMCID: PMC7701174 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.559138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and cancer have been rising. Since this poses a serious threat to human health, the relationship between the two has attracted much attention. This study examined whether fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genes are linked, taking into account a Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) that revealed multiple single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) of the FTO gene, indicating an association between obesity and cancer in different populations. FTO proteins have been proved to participate in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis with post-transcriptional regulation of downstream molecular expression or through the target of the mammalian target protein rapamycin (mTOR). FTO inhibitors have also been found to share anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vivo. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the correlation between obesity and cancer by measuring FTO gene polymorphism, as well as the molecular mechanism involved in these diseases, emphasizing FTO as the common genetic basis of obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Pu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaze Xi
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhen Yuan,
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Sure independence screening in the presence of missing data. Stat Pap (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00362-019-01115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hubacek JA, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Tamosiunas A, Voevoda M, Holmes MV, Bobak M. The association between the FTO gene variant and alcohol consumption and binge and problem drinking in different gene-environment background: The HAPIEE study. Gene 2019; 707:30-35. [PMID: 31055022 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake and tobacco smoking have significant negative health consequences and both are influenced by genetic predispositions. Some studies suggest that the FTO gene is associated with alcohol consumption. We investigated whether a tagging variant (rs17817449) within the FTO gene is associated with alcohol intake, problem drinking and smoking behaviour. METHODS We analysed data from 26,792 Caucasian adults (47.2% of males; mean age 58.9 (±7.3) years), examined through the prospective cohort HAPIEE study. The primary outcomes were daily alcohol consumption, binge drinking, problem drinking (CAGE score 2+) and smoking status in relation to tagging variants within the FTO and ADH1B genes. RESULTS We found no significant association of the FTO polymorphism with smoking status in either sex. The associations of the FTO polymorphism with drinking pattern were inconsistent and differed by gender. In men, GG homozygote carriers had lower odds of problem drinking (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96, p = 0.03). In women, the combination of the FTO/ADH1B GG/+A genotypes doubled the risk of binge drinking (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.19-3.71, p < 0.05), and the risk was further increased among smoking women (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.64-10.24, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this large population study, the FTO gene appeared associated with binge and problem drinking, and the associations were modified by sex, smoking status and the ADH1B polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- International Institute for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Anne Peasey
- International Institute for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Department of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mikhail Voevoda
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael V Holmes
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- International Institute for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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Structural insights into FTO's catalytic mechanism for the demethylation of multiple RNA substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2919-2924. [PMID: 30718435 PMCID: PMC6386707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820574116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was the first physiological substrate of FTO to be discovered. Recently, cap N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), internal m6Am, and N1-methyladenosine were also found to be physiological substrates of FTO. However, the catalytic mechanism through which FTO demethylates its multiple RNA substrates remains largely mysterious. Here we present the first structure of FTO bound to N6-methyldeoxyadenosine–modified ssDNA. We show that N6-methyladenine is the most favorable nucleobase substrate of FTO and that the sequence and the tertiary structure of RNA can affect the catalytic activity of FTO. Our findings provide a structural basis for understanding FTO’s catalytic mechanism for the demethylation of multiple RNA substrates and shed light on the mechanism through which FTO is involved in diseases or biological processes. FTO demethylates internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am; at the cap +1 position) in mRNA, m6A and m6Am in snRNA, and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA in vivo, and in vitro evidence supports that it can also demethylate N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA), 3-methylthymine (3mT), and 3-methyluracil (m3U). However, it remains unclear how FTO variously recognizes and catalyzes these diverse substrates. Here we demonstrate—in vitro and in vivo—that FTO has extensive demethylation enzymatic activity on both internal m6A and cap m6Am. Considering that 6mA, m6A, and m6Am all share the same nucleobase, we present a crystal structure of human FTO bound to 6mA-modified ssDNA, revealing the molecular basis of the catalytic demethylation of FTO toward multiple RNA substrates. We discovered that (i) N6-methyladenine is the most favorable nucleobase substrate of FTO, (ii) FTO displays the same demethylation activity toward internal m6A and m6Am in the same RNA sequence, suggesting that the substrate specificity of FTO primarily results from the interaction of residues in the catalytic pocket with the nucleobase (rather than the ribose ring), and (iii) the sequence and the tertiary structure of RNA can affect the catalytic activity of FTO. Our findings provide a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism through which FTO demethylates its multiple substrates and pave the way forward for the structure-guided design of selective chemicals for functional studies and potential therapeutic applications.
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RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Modification in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:75-93. [PMID: 31338816 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been shown recently to posttranscriptionally regulate expression of thousands of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts in each mammalian cell type in a dynamic and reversible manner. This epigenetic mark is deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (i.e., the METTL3/METTL14/WTAP complex and other cofactor proteins) and erased by m6A demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5. Specific recognition of these m6A-modified mRNAs by m6A-binding proteins (i.e., m6A readers) determines the fate of target mRNAs through affecting splicing, nuclear export, RNA stability, and/or translation. During the past few years, m6A modification has been demonstrated to play a critical role in many major normal bioprocesses including self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, tissue development, circadian rhythm, heat shock or DNA damage response, and sex determination. Thus, it is not surprising that dysregulation of the m6A machinery is also closely associated with pathogenesis and drug response of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss recent findings regarding the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of m6A modification and the associated machinery in normal hematopoiesis and the initiation, progression, and drug response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a major subtype of leukemia usually associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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Novel positioning from obesity to cancer: FTO, an m 6A RNA demethylase, regulates tumour progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:19-29. [PMID: 30465076 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 shows an intimate association with obesity and body mass index. Recently, research into the FTO gene and its expression product has attracted widespread interest due to the identification of FTO as an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase. FTO primarily regulates the m6A levels of downstream targets via their 3' untranslated regions. FTO not only plays a critical role in obesity-related diseases but also is involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of many types of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukaemia, glioblastoma and breast cancer. Currently, studies indicate that FTO is a crucial component of m6A modification, it regulates cancer stem cell function, and promotes the growth, self-renewal and metastasis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarized and analysed the data regarding the structural features and biological functions of FTO as well as its association with different cancers and possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS We systematically reviewed the related literatures regarding FTO and its demethylation activity in many pathologic and physiological processes, especially in cancer-related diseases based on PubMed databases in this article. RESULTS Mounting evidence indicated that FTO plays a critical role in occurrence, progression and treatment of various cancers, even acting as a cancer oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia, research on which is no longer restricted to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSION Considering FTO's critical role in many diseases, FTO may become a new promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in the near future, especially for specific types of cancers, such as acute myeloid leukaemia, glioblastoma and breast cancer.
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Deng X, Su R, Weng H, Huang H, Li Z, Chen J. RNA N 6-methyladenosine modification in cancers: current status and perspectives. Cell Res 2018; 28:507-517. [PMID: 29686311 PMCID: PMC5951805 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), has been shown to play critical roles in various normal bioprocesses such as tissue development, stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, heat shock or DNA damage response, and maternal-to-zygotic transition. The m6A modification is deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC; i.e., writer) composed of METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP, and probably also VIRMA and RBM15, and can be removed by m6A demethylases (i.e., erasers) such as FTO and ALKBH5. The fates of m6A-modified mRNAs rely on the functions of distinct proteins that recognize them (i.e., readers), which may affect the stability, splicing, and/or translation of target mRNAs. Given the functional importance of the m6A modification machinery in normal bioprocesses, it is not surprising that evidence is emerging that dysregulation of m6A modification and the associated proteins also contributes to the initiation, progression, and drug response of cancers. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of dysregulated m6A modification and the associated machinery in the pathogenesis and drug response of various types of cancers. In addition, we also discuss possible therapeutic interventions against the dysregulated m6A machinery to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
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Khella MS, Salem AM, Abdel-Rahman O, Saad AS. The Association Between the FTO rs9939609 Variant and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Risk: A Case–Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:79-84. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina S. Khella
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Salem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr S. Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhou S, Bai ZL, Xia D, Zhao ZJ, Zhao R, Wang YY, Zhe H. FTO regulates the chemo-radiotherapy resistance of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) by targeting β-catenin through mRNA demethylation. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:590-597. [PMID: 29315835 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in the regulation of chemo-radiotherapy resistance remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the mRNA level of FTO is elevated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues when compared with respective adjacent normal tissues. FTO enhances the chemo-radiotherapy resistance both in vitro and in vivo through regulating expression of β-catenin by reducing m6 A levels in its mRNA transcripts and in turn increases excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) activity. Clinically, the prognostic value of FTO for overall survival is found to be dependent on β-catenin expression in human CSCC samples. Taken together, these findings uncover a critical function for FTO and its substrate m6 A in the regulation of chemo-radiotherapy resistance, which may bear potential clinical implications for CSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Graduated School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou-Lan Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Di Xia
- Graduated School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong Zhe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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40
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Deng X, Su R, Stanford S, Chen J. Critical Enzymatic Functions of FTO in Obesity and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 30105001 PMCID: PMC6077364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to increased body mass and obesity in humans by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) since 2007. Although some recent studies suggest that the obesity-related SNPs in FTO influence obesity susceptibility likely through altering the expression of the adjacent genes such as IRX3 and RPGRIP1L, rather than FTO itself, a solid link between the SNP risk genotype and the increased FTO expression in both human blood cells and fibroblasts has been reported. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that FTO does play a critical role in the regulation of fat mass, adipogenesis, and body weight. Epidemiology studies also showed a strong association of FTO SNPs and overweight/obesity with increased risk of various types of cancers. As the first identified messenger RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, FTO has been shown recently to play m6A-dependent roles in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis (especially in the development of leukemia and glioblastoma). Given the critical roles of FTO in cancers, the development of selective and effective inhibitors targeting FTO holds potential to treat cancers. This mini review discusses the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of FTO in both obesity and cancers, and also summarizes recent advances in the development of FTO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- School of PharmacyChina Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Savanna Stanford
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen
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Akbari ME, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S, Mirsafa F. FTO Gene Affects Obesity and Breast Cancer Through Similar Mechanisms: A New Insight into the Molecular Therapeutic Targets. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:30-36. [PMID: 29220587 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1397709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review focused on the possible mediatory role of the FTO in the association between obesity and breast cancer. METHOD All articles published in English from June 1990 to January 2017 were studied. The search terms used were FTO gene, FTO polymorphism, breast cancer, and obesity. Inclusion criteria consisted of assessment of the relationship between FTO polymorphisms and/or FTO expression level with obesity and/or breast cancer as a primary outcome. RESULTS The FTO gene may have a role in the cellular sensing of macronutrients. Over expression of the FTO gene increases the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling that is a key regulator of cell growth. Moreover, some SNPs in intron locations of the FTO gene exert their effects on body mass index, body composition and breast cancer risk through change of the homeobox transcription factor iriquois 3 (IRX3) gene expression level. CONCLUSION The FTO gene may has a critical role in obesity and breast cancer. Similar molecular mechanisms may play a role in the development of breast cancer and obesity. If this result is correct then, it will be interesting to examine the FTO gene as a molecular therapeutics target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Akbari
- a Cancer Research Center (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - M Gholamalizadeh
- b Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - S Doaei
- c Student Research Committee, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - F Mirsafa
- d National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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42
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Kang Y, Liu F, Liu Y. Is FTO gene variant related to cancer risk independently of adiposity? An updated meta-analysis of 129,467 cases and 290,633 controls. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50987-50996. [PMID: 28881622 PMCID: PMC5584223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the association between the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variant and risk of cancer in diverse populations. However, the results have been inconsistent. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for the eligible publications in English language by July, 2016. The associations of FTO variants with cancer risk were estimated by calculating the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals by meta-analyses. A total of 27 publications (129,467 cancer cases and 290,633 normal controls) were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, FTO rs9939609 variant (or its proxy) was not associated with cancer risk without adjustment for body mass index, as well as additional adjustment for body mss index. However, FTO rs9939609 variant was associated with some types of cancer in the subgroup analysis. In addition, overall, there was no significant association between FTO rs1477196 variant and cancer risk regardless of adjustment for body mass index. However, FTO rs11075995 variant risk allele was associated with breast cancer risk without adjustment for body mass index, but the association disappeared with further adjustment for body mass index. This study overall does not support that the FTO variant is associated with cancer risk independently of the adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Yang Q, Xiao T, Guo J, Su Z. Complex Relationship between Obesity and the Fat Mass and Obesity Locus. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:615-629. [PMID: 28539834 PMCID: PMC5441178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, obesity has become a serious problem because of increasing obese patients and numerous metabolic complications. The primary reasons for this situation are environmental and genetic factors. In 2007, FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) was the first gene identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with obesity in humans. Subsequently, a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the FTO gene was discovered to be associated with BMI and body composition. Various studies have explored the mechanistic basis behind this association. Thus, emerging evidence showed that FTO plays a key role regulating adipose tissue development and functions in body size and composition. Recent prevalent research topic concentrated in the three neighboring genes of FTO: RPGRIP1L, IRX3 and IRX5, as having a functional link between obesity-associated common variants within FTO and the observed human phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the impact of FTO on obesity susceptibility and to illuminate these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.,Guangzhou Boxabio Technology Ltd, Guangzhou Science City, P R China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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44
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Jafari Nedooshan J, Kargar S, Neamatzadeh H, Haghighi F, Dehghani Mohammad Abadi R, Seddighi N. Lack of Association of the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Gene rs9939609 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Case - Control Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1031-1037. [PMID: 28547937 PMCID: PMC5494212 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previously published data on any association of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene with
breast cancer risk remain inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis of links between breast cancer
and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. Methods: We have conducted a systematic review of the English literature by
searching PubMed, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for studies on associations between the FTO
rs9939609 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were
calculated to estimate the strength of the association using fixed- or random-effects model. Results: We included five
studies with 1134 cases and 1453 controls. Overall, no significant association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism
and risk of breast cancer was found. On subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was still no significant association detected.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and risk of breast
cancer. However, the present meta-analysis suggested that only there might be a significant association of the CXCL12
rs1801157 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Jafari Nedooshan
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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45
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Aas A, Isakson P, Bindesbøll C, Alemu EA, Klungland A, Simonsen A. Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of FTO Does Not Affect Starvation-Induced Autophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168182. [PMID: 28288181 PMCID: PMC5347998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of the FTO (fat mass and obesity) gene associate with body mass index in humans, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been firmly determined. FTO is linked to energy homeostasis via amino acid sensing and is thought to activate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, a negative regulator of autophagy. FTO localises both to the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and in this study we identify a functional nuclear localisation signal (NLS) in the N-terminus of FTO, as well as nuclear localization information in its very C-terminus. Inhibition of FTO nuclear transport has no effect on autophagy and in contrast to a previously proposed role of FTO in autophagy, we find no difference in starvation-induced autophagy in control cells compared to a panel of cell types depleted of FTO. Future studies that further characterise the cellular functions of FTO will be important to understand why variants in FTO are associated with body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Aas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pauline Isakson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Endalkachew A. Alemu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Yang B, Thrift AP, Figueiredo JC, Jenkins MA, Schumacher FR, Conti DV, Lin Y, Win AK, Limburg PJ, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Hudson TJ, Marchand LL, Newcomb PA, Slattery ML, White E, Peters U, Casey G, Campbell PT. Common variants in the obesity-associated genes FTO and MC4R are not associated with risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44:1-4. [PMID: 27449576 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a convincing risk factor for colorectal cancer. Genetic variants in or near FTO and MC4R are consistently associated with body mass index and other body size measures, but whether they are also associated with colorectal cancer risk is unclear. METHODS In the discovery stage, we tested associations of 677 FTO and 323 MC4R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 100kb upstream and 300kb downstream from each respective locus with risk of colorectal cancer in data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR: 1960 cases; 1777 controls). Next, all SNPs that were nominally statistically significant (p<0.05) in the discovery stage were included in replication analyses in data from the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO: 9716 cases; 9844 controls). RESULTS In the discovery stage, 43 FTO variants and 18 MC4R variants were associated with colorectal cancer risk (p<0.05). No SNPs remained statistically significant in the replication analysis after accounting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that individual variants in or near the obesity-related genes FTO and MC4R are associated with risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Limburg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Hudson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Singh B, Kinne HE, Milligan RD, Washburn LJ, Olsen M, Lucci A. Important Role of FTO in the Survival of Rare Panresistant Triple-Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells Facing a Severe Metabolic Challenge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159072. [PMID: 27390851 PMCID: PMC4938613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that only 0.01% cells survive a metabolic challenge involving lack of glutamine in culture medium of SUM149 triple-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer cell line. These cells, designated as SUM149-MA for metabolic adaptability, are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, and they efficiently metastasize to multiple organs in nude mice. We hypothesized that obesity-related molecular networks, which normally help in cellular and organismal survival under metabolic challenges, may help in the survival of MA cells. The fat mass and obesity-associated protein FTO is overexpressed in MA cells. Obesity-associated cis-acting elements in non-coding region of FTO regulate the expression of IRX3 gene, thus activating obesity networks. Here we found that IRX3 protein is significantly overexpressed in MA cells (5 to 6-fold) as compared to the parental SUM149 cell line, supporting our hypothesis. We also obtained evidence that additional key regulators of energy balance such as ARID5B, IRX5, and CUX1 P200 repressor could potentially help progenitor-like TNBC cells survive in glutamine-free medium. MO-I-500, a pharmacological inhibitor of FTO, significantly (>90%) inhibited survival and/or colony formation of SUM149-MA cells as compared to untreated cells or those treated with a control compound MO-I-100. Curiously, MO-I-500 treatment also led to decreased levels of FTO and IRX3 proteins in the SUM149 cells initially surviving in glutamine-free medium as compared to MO-I-100 treatment. Interestingly, MO-I-500 treatment had a relatively little effect on cell growth of either the SUM149 or SUM149-MA cell line when added to a complete medium containing glutamine that does not pose a metabolic challenge. Importantly, once selected and cultured in glutamine-free medium, SUM149-MA cells were no longer affected by MO-I-500 even in Gln-free medium. We conclude that panresistant MA cells contain interconnected molecular networks that govern developmental status and energy balance, and genetic and epigenetic alterations that are selected during cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Singh
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Kinne
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. Milligan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Washburn
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy–Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Huang X, Zhao J, Yang M, Li M, Zheng J. Association between FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609 T/A) and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 26931363 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor of cancer. Several genes have been found to play an important role in aetiology of obesity and tumourigenesis. Recently, some studies suggested that rs9939609 polymorphism might be significantly associated with cancer risk, while the results of some other studies were controversial. Databases with time limitation from January 1984 to April 2015 were searched. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the associations, and subgroup meta-analyses were performed according to the type of cancer and ethnicity of the study populations. Overall, the significant association between rs9939609 polymorphism and cancer risk was found in homozygote model and recessive model. As to subgroup classified by cancer type, there was significant association in endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer, while no statistical significance was detected in other kind of cancers. Besides, in the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, our results indicated that rs9939609 polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk in Asians. The rs9939609 polymorphism may be involved the susceptibility of endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer, especially in Asian populations. Thus, rs9939609 may be a potential biomarker in early diagnosis or gene therapy target of endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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49
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Zhu Y, Shen J, Gao L, Feng Y. Estrogen promotes fat mass and obesity-associated protein nuclear localization and enhances endometrial cancer cell proliferation via the mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2391-7. [PMID: 26884084 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive exposure to estrogen is generally acknowledged as a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Given that the accumulation of adipocytes also contributes to the increased production of estrogen, in the present study, we evaluated the expression of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in endometrial tumor tissues and further explored the mechanism of how estrogen facilitates FTO nuclear localization and promotes endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assay was used to detect the FTO expression in endometrial tumor samples. Western blotting was performed to investigate the mechanism of estrogen-induced FTO nuclear localization. siRNA was used to knock down ERα and further explore its role in FTO nuclear localization. MTT assay was carried out to determine cell proliferation. We found that FTO was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues and served as a poor prognostic marker. Additionally, estrogen induced FTO nuclear accumulation via the mTOR signaling pathway and the nuclear localization was ERα-dependent, which contributed to enhanced proliferative activity. Therefore, the present study provides new insight into the mechanisms of estrogen-induced proliferation, implying the possibility of using FTO as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Youji Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Melnik BC. Milk: an epigenetic amplifier of FTO-mediated transcription? Implications for Western diseases. J Transl Med 2015; 13:385. [PMID: 26691922 PMCID: PMC4687119 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within intron 1 of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene are associated with enhanced FTO expression, increased body weight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase FTO plays a pivotal regulatory role for postnatal growth and energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence that links milk signaling with FTO-activated transcription of the milk recipient. FTO-dependent demethylation of m6A regulates mRNA splicing required for adipogenesis, increases the stability of mRNAs, and affects microRNA (miRNA) expression and miRNA biosynthesis. FTO senses branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and activates the nutrient sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which plays a key role in translation. Milk provides abundant BCAAs and glutamine, critical components increasing FTO expression. CpG hypomethylation in the first intron of FTO has recently been associated with T2DM. CpG methylation is generally associated with gene silencing. In contrast, CpG demethylation generally increases transcription. DNA de novo methylation of CpG sites is facilitated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 3A and 3B, whereas DNA maintenance methylation is controlled by DNMT1. MiRNA-29s target all DNMTs and thus reduce DNA CpG methylation. Cow´s milk provides substantial amounts of exosomal miRNA-29s that reach the systemic circulation and target mRNAs of the milk recipient. Via DNMT suppression, milk exosomal miRNA-29s may reduce the magnitude of FTO methylation, thereby epigenetically increasing FTO expression in the milk consumer. High lactation performance with increased milk yield has recently been associated with excessive miRNA-29 expression of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). Notably, the galactopoietic hormone prolactin upregulates the transcription factor STAT3, which induces miRNA-29 expression. In a retrovirus-like manner milk exosomes may transfer DCMEC-derived miRNA-29s and bovine FTO mRNA to the milk consumer amplifying FTO expression. There is compelling evidence that obesity, T2DM, prostate and breast cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases are all associated with increased FTO expression. Maximization of lactation performance by veterinary medicine with enhanced miRNA-29s and FTO expression associated with increased exosomal miRNA-29 and FTO mRNA transfer to the milk consumer may represent key epigenetic mechanisms promoting FTO/mTORC1-mediated diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany.
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