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Ayalew S, Wegayehu T, Wondale B, Kebede D, Osman M, Niway S, Tarekegn A, Tessema B, Berg S, Ashford RT, Mihret A. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in saliva by quantitative PCR: A potential alternative specimen for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102554. [PMID: 39094295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests primarily rely on sputum samples, yet many TB patients cannot produce sputum. This study explored whether saliva could be used instead of sputum to diagnose pulmonary TB (PTB). METHOD The study included 32 patients with confirmed PTB and 30 patients with other respiratory diseases (ORD). Saliva from all study participants was subjected to quantitative (qPCR) assays targeting the IS1081 gene for detection of M. tuberculosis complex DNA. RESULTS The sensitivity of saliva IS1081 qPCR was 65.6 % (95 % CI 48.4-80.2 %) with positive results for 21/32 PTB cases, while the specificity was 96.7 % (95 % CI 85.9-99.6 %) with negative results for 29/30 participants with ORD. Sensitivity improved to 72.4 % (95 % CI 54.6-86.0 %) when sputum-Xpert was used as the reference standard, while remaining similar at 65.5 % (95 % CI 47.4-80.7 %) when culture was used as the reference standard. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for saliva IS1081 qPCR was 82.5 % (95 % CI 71.7-93.3 %). CONCLUSION Saliva testing offers a promising alternative to sputum for TB diagnosis among confirmed PTB cases. Larger multicenter studies, encompassing diverse clinical TB characteristics, are needed to provide improved estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosina Ayalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Teklu Wegayehu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Binium Wondale
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Dawit Kebede
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mahlet Osman
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Sebsib Niway
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Azeb Tarekegn
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Bamlak Tessema
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roland T Ashford
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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2
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Guo YL, Wang SS, Jiang GL, Ban WJ, Liu Y. Evaluation of the diagnostic value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays targeting three different Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106547. [PMID: 35926680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the ability to diagnose tuberculosis directly from clinical samples rapidly. METHODS LAMP assays were performed using previously reported primer sets to amplify three specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) gene targets, hspX, gyrB, and IS6110. Quantitated DNA from strain H37Rv were detected for assessment of analytical sensitivity; specificity was evaluated by testing eight species of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium (NTM) and four unrelated bacterial species. Sputum samples from 68 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and a control group consisting of 45 lung cancer patients and 20 healthy controls were analyzed using LAMP assays, and then compared with smear, culture and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) methods. RESULTS All three LAMP assays showed 100% specificity for MTB when tested against NTM and other bacterial species. The gyrB-LAMP assay was able to detect 60 cfu/ml of H37Rv suspension within 1 h, similar to qRT-PCR, but 10 times more sensitive than the hspX-LAMP and IS6110-LAMP assays. In clinical samples, when qRT-PCR was used as the reference method, the sensitivity of the three LAMP assays targeting hspX, gyrB, and IS6110 genes was 94.6, 98.2 and 92.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LAMP is more sensitive than smear microscopy and close to qRT-PCR in sensitivity for the detection of MTB. LAMP has comparable specificity to qRT-PCR but was more rapid and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Sai-Sai Wang
- Disease Prevention and Control Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149,China
| | - Guang-Lu Jiang
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149,China
| | - Wu-Juan Ban
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Disease Prevention and Control Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149,China.
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3
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Lee C, Bae MK, Choi N, Lee SJ, Lee SJ. Genome Plasticity by Insertion Sequences Learned From a Case of Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis. Bioinform Biol Insights 2021; 15:11779322211037437. [PMID: 34413635 PMCID: PMC8369957 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211037437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis contains 19 types of insertion sequences (ISs), including 93 total transposases (Tpases) in 73 full-length ISs from the main chromosome and 2 mega plasmids. In this study, 68 ISs from the D. geothermalis genome were extracted to implicate the earlier genome before its mutation by transposition of ISs. The total size of eliminated ISs from genome was 78.85 kb. From these in silico corrections of mutation by the ISs, we have become aware of some bioinformatics factualness as follows: (1) can reassemble the disrupted genes if the exact IS region was eliminated, (2) can configure the schematic clustering of major DDE type Tpases, (3) can determine IS integration order across multiple hot spots, and (4) can compare genetic relativeness by the partial synteny analysis between D. geothermalis and Deinococcus strain S9. Recently, we found that several IS elements actively transferred to other genomic sites under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, resulting in the inactivation of functional genes. Therefore, the single species genome’s mobilome study provides significant support to define bacterial genome plasticity and molecular evolution from past and present progressive transposition events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjae Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min K Bae
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Geography, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nakjun Choi
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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4
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TB-QUICK: CRISPR-Cas12b-assisted rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect 2021; 83:54-60. [PMID: 33951419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the public health problems worldwide. Rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is critical for TB control. METHODS We developed a novel M.tb DNA detection platform (nominated as TB-QUICK) which combined loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and CRISPR-Cas12b detection. TB-QUICK was performed on pulmonary or plasma samples collected from 138 pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, 21 non-TB patients and 61 close contacts to TB patients. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, M.tb culture and GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assays were routinely conducted in parallel. RESULTS By targeting M.tb IS6110, TB-QUICK platform could detect as low as 1.3 copy/μL M.tb DNA within 2 h. In pulmonary TB samples, TB-QUICK exhibited improved overall sensitivity of 86.8% over M.tb culture (66.7%) and Xpert (70.4%), with the specificity of 95.2%. More significantly, TB-QUICK exhibited a superior sensitivity in AFB-negative samples (80.5%) compared to Xpert (57.1%) and M.tb culture (46.2%). In the detection of plasma M.tb DNA by TB-QUICK, 41.2% sensitivity for AFB-positive and 31.7% for AFB-negative patients were achieved. CONCLUSION In conclusion, TB-QUICK exhibits rapidity and sensitivity for M.tb DNA detection with the superiority in smear-negative paucibacillary TB patients. The clinical application of TB-QUICK in TB diagnosis needs to be further validated in larger cohort.
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Yang Q, Fu S, Zou P, Hao J, Wei D, Xie G, Huang J. Coordination of primary metabolism and virulence factors expression mediates the virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus towards cultured shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:50-67. [PMID: 33151560 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a severe bacterial disease of cultured shrimp. To identify the key virulence factors, two AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND ) strains (123 and 137) and two non-VpAHPND strains (HZ56 and ATCC 17082) were selected. METHODS AND RESULTS Challenge tests showed that the four strains exhibited different virulence towards shrimp with cumulative mortalities at 48 h postinfection (hpi) ranging from 10 to 92%. The expression of pirABVP in strain 123 and 137 was not significantly different. Genomic analysis revealed that the two VpAHPND strains contain a plasmid with the PirABVP toxins (pirABVP ) flanked by the insertion sequence (ISVal1) that has been identified in various locations of chromosomes in VpAHPND strains. The two VpAHPND strains possessed almost identical virulence factors, while ISVal1 disrupted three genes related to flagellar motility in strain 137. Phenotype assay showed that strain 123 possessed the highest growth rate and swimming motility, followed by strain 137, suggesting that the disruption of essential genes mediated by ISVal1 significantly affected the virulence level. Transcriptome analysis of two VpAHPND strains (123 and 137) further suggested that virulence genes related to the capsule, flagella and primary metabolism were highly expressed in strain 123. CONCLUSIONS Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the virulence of VpAHPND is not only determined by the expression of pirABVP , but also is mediated by ISVal1 which affects the genes involved in flagellar motility and primary metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The genomic and transcriptomic analysis of VpAHPND strains provides valuable information on the virulence factors affecting the pathogenicity of VpAHPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - S Fu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - P Zou
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - J Hao
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - D Wei
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G Xie
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - J Huang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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6
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Refrégier G, Sola C, Guyeux C. Unexpected diversity of CRISPR unveils some evolutionary patterns of repeated sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:841. [PMID: 33256602 PMCID: PMC7708916 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity of the CRISPR locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been studied since 1997 for molecular epidemiology purposes. By targeting solely the 43 spacers present in the two first sequenced genomes (H37Rv and BCG), it gave a biased idea of CRISPR diversity and ignored diversity in the neighbouring cas-genes. RESULTS We set up tailored pipelines to explore the diversity of CRISPR-cas locus in Short Reads. We analyzed data from a representative set of 198 clinical isolates as evidenced by well-characterized SNPs. We found a relatively low diversity in terms of spacers: we recovered only the 68 spacers that had been described in 2000. We found no partial or global inversions in the sequences, letting always the Direct Variant Repeats (DVR) in the same order. In contrast, we found an unexpected diversity in the form of: SNPs in spacers and in Direct Repeats, duplications of various length, and insertions at various locations of the IS6110 insertion sequence, as well as blocks of DVR deletions. The diversity was in part specific to lineages. When reconstructing evolutionary steps of the locus, we found no evidence for SNP reversal. DVR deletions were linked to recombination between IS6110 insertions or between Direct Repeats. CONCLUSION This work definitively shows that CRISPR locus of M. tuberculosis did not evolve by classical CRISPR adaptation (incorporation of new spacers) since the last most recent common ancestor of virulent lineages. The evolutionary mechanisms that we discovered could be involved in bacterial adaptation but in a way that remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guislaine Refrégier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, cedex, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Christophe Sola
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, cedex, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Christophe Guyeux
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS, DISC Computer Science Department, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 Route de Gray, 25000, Besançon, France
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7
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Shitikov E, Guliaev A, Bespyatykh J, Malakhova M, Kolchenko S, Smirnov G, Merker M, Niemann S, Mokrousov I, Ilina E, Govorun V. The role of IS6110 in micro- and macroevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 2. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106559. [PMID: 31302224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The insertion sequence 6110 (IS6110) is the most studied transposable element in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species. The element plays a significant role in genome plasticity of this important human pathogen, but still many causes and consequences of its transposition have not been fully studied. Here, we analyzed insertion sites for 902 Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 2 strains using whole-genome sequencing data. In total, 17,972 insertions were found, corresponding to 827 independent positions in the genome of the reference strain H37Rv. To trace the history of IS6110 expansion since proto-Beijing strains up to modern sublineages, we looked at the distribution of IS6110 across the genome-wide SNP-based phylogenetic tree. This analysis demonstrated a stepwise transposition of IS6110 that occurs by «copy-and-paste» mechanism. Additionally, we detected evolutionary-scale and sublineage-specific integration sites, which can be used for typing and for understanding the reasons for the success of the lineage. A significant part of such insertions affected the genes that are essential for the pathogen. Finally, we identified and confirmed deletions that occurred between differently oriented elements, which is uncommon for this family of insertion elements and appears to be another mechanism of genome variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Shitikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei Guliaev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Bespyatykh
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maja Malakhova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Kolchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Georgy Smirnov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Panossian B, Salloum T, Araj GF, Khazen G, Tokajian S. First insights on the genetic diversity of MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:710. [PMID: 30594126 PMCID: PMC6311033 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lebanon hosts a heterogeneous population coming from underdeveloped and developing countries, resulting in increasing incidences of tuberculosis over the past years. The genetic heterogeneity and lineages associated with tuberculosis, along with their resistance determinants have not been studied at the genomic level previously in the region. Methods Isolates were recovered from the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using the MGIT automated system for the first-line drugs at AUBMC, while second-line drug susceptibility was tested at Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed to classify mycobacterial lineages and highlight single nucleotide mutations causing resistance to both 1st line and 2nd line antimicrobials. wgSNP analysis provided insights on the phylogeny of the isolates along with spoligotyping and core genomic SNVs, IS6110 insertion sites, and variable number tandem repeats (VNTR). Results The analyzed isolates carry distinct resistance determinants to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, quinolones, and streptomycin. The isolates belonged to different lineages including the Euro/American lineage (Lineage 4) (53.8%), M. bovis (15.4%) and Delhi/Central Asia (Lineage 1) (15.4%), Beijing/East Asia (Lineage 2) (7.7%), and East Africa/Indian Ocean lineage (Lineage 3) (7.7%) showing great phylogenetic differences at the genomic level. Conclusions The population diversity in Lebanon holds an equally diverse and uncharacterized population of drug resistant mycobacteria. To achieve the WHO “END-TB” milestones of 2025 and 2035, Lebanon must decrease TB incidences by 95% in the next decade. This can only be done through WGS-based patient centered diagnosis with higher throughput and genomic resolution to improve treatment outcomes and to monitor transmission patterns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3626-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balig Panossian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos Campus, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos Campus, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - George F Araj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Khazen
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos Campus, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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9
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Nzabarushimana E, Tang H. Insertion sequence elements-mediated structural variations in bacterial genomes. Mob DNA 2018; 9:29. [PMID: 30181787 PMCID: PMC6114881 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) impact the evolution and stability of their host genomes. Insertion sequence (IS) elements are the most common MGEs in bacterial genomes and play a crucial role in mediating large-scale variations in bacterial genomes. It is understood that IS elements and MGEs in general coexist in a dynamical equilibrium with their respective hosts. Current studies indicate that the spontaneous movement of IS elements does not follow a constant rate in different bacterial genomes. However, due to the paucity and sparsity of the data, these observations are yet to be conclusive. In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of the IS-mediated genome structural variations in ten mutation accumulation (MA) experiments across eight strains of five bacterial species containing IS elements, including four strains of the E. coli. We used GRASPER algorithm, a denovo structural variation (SV) identification algorithm designed to detect SVs involving repetitive sequences in the genome. We observed highly diverse rates of IS insertions and IS-mediated recombinations across different bacterial species as well as across different strains of the same bacterial species. We also observed different rates of the elements from the same IS family in different bacterial genomes, suggesting that the distinction in rates might not be due to the different composition of IS elements across bacterial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Nzabarushimana
- School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
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