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Wang YL, Li XY, Liu L, Li SF, Han PF, Li XD. Evaluation of genetic polymorphisms in TNF‑α‑308G/A rs1800629 associated with susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:279. [PMID: 38800041 PMCID: PMC11117118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of TNF-α-308G/A rs1800629 with the susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases was searched. Two authors screened the literature independently, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five genetic models were established: The allelic model (A vs. G), dominant model (GA + AA vs. GG), recessive model (AA vs. GG + GA), co-dominant model (AA vs. GG) and super-dominant model (GG + AA vs. GA). Stata 17.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. A total of 34 eligible studies with 12,611 subjects were included, including 6,030 cases in the RA group and 6,581 controls. Meta-analysis calculations revealed that the genetic polymorphisms of TNF-α-308G/A rs1800629 were not significantly associated with susceptibility to RA, with an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each genetic model [A vs. G: 0.937 (0.762-1.152); GA + AA vs. GG: 0.918 (0.733-1.148); AA vs. GG + GA: 1.131 (0.709-1.802); AA vs. GG: 1.097 (0.664-1.813); and GG + AA vs. GA: 1.108 (0.894-1.373)]. For the association between TNF-α-308G/A rs1800629 gene polymorphisms and the severity of RA, the results of subgroup analysis calculations showed that TNF-α-308G/A rs1800629 gene polymorphisms were associated with the severity of RA in European populations, with the gene model and 95% CI [GA + AA vs. GG: 0.503 (0.297-0.853); and GG + AA vs. GA: 2.268 (1.434-3.590)]. When assessing the confidence in the positive results of the present study through the false-positive report probability, the positive results were observed to be reliable. No significant association was observed between genetic polymorphisms in TNF-α-308G/A rs1800629 and susceptibility to RA. However, a significant association exists with the severity of RA in European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Li
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Lun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Song-Feng Li
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
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Yadav SRM, Goyal B, Mamgain G, Kothari A, Kumar S, Saha S, Naithani M, Mirza AA, Kumar R, Arora R. Genetic Variations in IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β Associated with the Severity of Chronic Cervical Spondylitis in Patients. Cells 2023; 12:1594. [PMID: 37371064 PMCID: PMC10297355 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cervical spondylitis (CCS), a degenerative disorder of the spine, is known for causing disability among old and young people. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various cytokine genes have demonstrated an impactful association with several inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we have investigated the SNPs and allelic distribution of the three most prevalent cytokines genes, IL-1β (-511C/T), TNF-α (-308G/A), and TGF-β (-509C/T), along with serum levels of these cytokines in 252 subjects. SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and digested fragments were separated and visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis and Native Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The serum cytokine levels were analyzed with a flow cytometer using a customized multiplex bead-based assay. It was observed that these SNPs did not reflect the susceptibility to CCS but were associated with susceptibility to CCS. We found a significant association between the C/C and G/G genotypes and the C and G alleles of IL-1β and TNF-α, respectively, suggesting a lower risk of CCS. The frequency distribution of risk alleles (-511T) and (-308A) were simultaneously higher in CCS compared to the control, reflecting the susceptibility to CCS. TGF-β showed a significant association with disease susceptibility, along with a significant correlation between age and the chronicity of CCS. The serum cytokine levels were significantly different in CCS and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Garima Mamgain
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Ashish Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Medicine, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Rajnish Arora
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
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Kosałka-Węgiel J, Lichołai S, Dziedzina S, Milewski M, Kuszmiersz P, Rams A, Gąsior J, Matyja-Bednarczyk A, Kwiatkowska H, Korkosz M, Siwiec A, Koźlik P, Padjas A, Sydor W, Dropiński J, Sanak M, Musiał J, Bazan-Socha S. Genetic Association between TNFA Polymorphisms (rs1799964 and rs361525) and Susceptibility to Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050698. [PMID: 35629365 PMCID: PMC9145848 DOI: 10.3390/life12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to establish an association between TNF-α promoter variability and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The study included 43 SSc patients and 74 controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs361525, rs1800629, rs1799724, and rs1799964) located at the promoter of the TNFA gene were genotyped using commercially available TaqMan allelic discrimination assays with real-time PCR. The rs1799724 allele was associated with an increased SSc susceptibility (p = 0.028). In turn, none of the polymorphisms studied were related to the clinical and laboratory parameters of SSc patients, except for a higher prevalence of anti-Ro52 antibodies in the AG rs1800629 genotype in comparison to GG carriers (p = 0.04). Three of four cancer patients had both CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes; thus, both of them were related to the increased risk of cancer, as compared to the TT (p = 0.03) and GG carriers (p = 0.0003), respectively. The TNFA C rs1799724 variant is associated with an increased risk of SSc, while the CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes might enhance cancer susceptibility in SSc patients, although large observational and experimental studies are needed to verify the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-400-31-10
| | - Sabina Lichołai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Sylwia Dziedzina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Mamert Milewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuszmiersz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Rams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jolanta Gąsior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andżelika Siwiec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Koźlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Dropiński
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jacek Musiał
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Wang Z, Kong L, Zhang H, Sun F, Guo Z, Zhang R, Dou Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha -308G/A Gene Polymorphisms Combined with Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts the Efficacy and Safety of Anti-TNF-α Therapy in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Psoriasis Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:811719. [PMID: 35126146 PMCID: PMC8814446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.811719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: TNF-α has been reported to be closely associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of TNF-α -308(rs1800629) G/A gene polymorphisms as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the efficacy and safety of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis arthritis (PsA). Methods: A total of 515 subjects (181 AS, 144 RA, 48 PsA, 10 hyperbilirubinemia, 10 hyperlipidemia and 122 healthy control) were recruited in this study. The accuracy of RT-PCR methods for identifying individual TNF-α -308 genotypes was assessed using sequencing as the gold standard. Baseline NLR and PLR of patients with AS, RA and PsA and healthy controls (HC) were calculated and compared. Meanwhile, differences between responders and non-responders to TNFi treatment as well as between individuals with and without adverse effects (AE) among responders were compared. Results: The RT-PCR method is stable and reliable for TNF-α -308G/A gene polymorphism analysis, independent of sample status. The GG genotype was overwhelmingly represented, with relatively few GA genotype, whilst the AA genotype was not detected in this study. There was no observed association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and susceptibility in AS, RA or PsA patients. Patients with AS, RA, and PsA had a higher NLR, compared to the HC group. Apart from PsA patients, AS and RA patients had a higher PLR, compared to the HC group. NLR was positively correlated with PLR. Furthermore, a lack of response was more frequently observed in AS and RA patients that carrying the GA genotype than the GG genotype. AS and RA patients with AE had higher NLR and PLR, compared with the non-AE group. Conclusion: Our study preliminarily shown that combining TNF-α -308G/A polymorphisms with NLR and PLR can predict the responsiveness and safety of anti-TNF therapy in patients with AS or RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Raguema N, Ben Ali Gannoun M, Zitouni H, Ben Letaifa D, Seda O, Mahjoub T, Lavoie JL. Contribution of -1031T/C and -376G/A tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms and haplotypes to preeclampsia risk in Tunisia (North Africa). J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103461. [PMID: 34915279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a gestational disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor-alpha, has been demonstrated to contribute to endothelial activation and poor trophoblast invasion in placental development, resulting in preeclampsia's clinical symptoms. Genetic polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha can regulate its production and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association of five tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms, or their haplotype combinations, with preeclampsia prevalence. This case-control study was conducted on 300 women with preeclampsia and 300 age-matched women with normal pregnancy from Tunisian hospitals. Genotyping of tumour necrosis factor-alpha -1031 T/C, -376 G/A, -308 G/A, -238 G/A, and +489 G/A SNPs was performed on DNA extracted from blood samples using PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant to take into consideration the multiple comparisons. A significantly higher frequency of the minor allele -1031C (p < 0.001) was observed in preeclampsia cases compared to controls. Notably, the -1031C and -376A (CA) haplotype, which correlates with a higher production of TNF-α protein, had a higher incidence in women with preeclampsia (p = 0.0005). Conversely, the TG haplotype had a low frequency in preeclampsia cases compared to controls (p = 0.002) which suggests that it is associated with a reduced incidence of preeclampsia. These results suggest that tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms, in particular the -1031C/A, and the haplotype CA, contribute to an increased risk of preeclampsia in Tunisian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Raguema
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Street Ibn Sina, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 St-Denis Street, Tour Viger, R08.452, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, 2100, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marwa Ben Ali Gannoun
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Street Ibn Sina, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Hedia Zitouni
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Street Ibn Sina, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Dhafer Ben Letaifa
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Street Ibn Sina, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Street Mohamed Karoui, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Ondrej Seda
- The First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Street Ibn Sina, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Julie L Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 St-Denis Street, Tour Viger, R08.452, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, 2100, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada.
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