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Liu H, Huang J, Zhang H, Xi S, Luo T, Jiang X. Effect and mechanism of Mn 2+ on urease activity during anaerobic biological treatment of landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41290-41300. [PMID: 38849617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial hydrolytic enzyme, urease plays a vital role in anaerobic biological treatment. It is well-known that manganese ions are abundant in landfill leachate, but their concentration fluctuates significantly. However, few studies have investigated the effect and mechanism of different concentrations of Mn2+ on urease activity during anaerobic biological treatment of landfill leachate. This paper aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of Mn2+ on urease activity. The results showed that an appropriate amount of Mn2+ could significantly enhance urease activity, while a high concentration of Mn2+ could inhibit it. Insight into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, various methods such as Zeta potential, particle size, ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and statistical analysis were employed in our study. Research suggested that, on one hand, Mn2+ may form hydrogen bonds with the side chain amino or carboxyl groups of urease amino acid residues, affecting the structure of urease through hydrogen bonding. Additionally, Mn2+ also binds to urease through hydrophobic interactions. On the other hand, the C-OH and C-N functional groups in urease have a strong affinity for Mn2+, and changes in these functional groups can greatly enhance the activity of urease. Furthermore, under the action of high concentrations of Mn2+, while the structure of urease becomes more stable, there is also a steric hindrance phenomenon that affects the substrate from entering the catalytic center. Therefore, studying the mechanism of Mn2+ affecting urease activity has significant biological significance and provides a new perspective for exploring the impact of metals on anaerobic bioprocessing of landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shanshan Xi
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Tao Luo
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xinqin Jiang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292, Ziyun Rd., Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hefei, 230601, China
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Sujiritha PB, Vikash VL, Antony GS, Ponesakki G, Ayyadurai N, Nakashima K, Kamini NR. Valorization of tannery solid wastes for sustainable enzyme induced carbonate precipitation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136533. [PMID: 36176233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biocementation via enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging ground improvement technique that utilizes urease for calcium carbonate precipitation. Usage of expensive laboratory grade chemicals in EICP hinders its implementation at field level applications. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing solid wastes generated from leather industry was investigated for EICP process. Initially, the proteinaceous fleshing waste was used as nitrogen source for production of an extracellular urease from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus MTCC 5604 followed by its subsequent use in EICP with suspended solids of tannery lime liquor, as alternative calcium source. The calcium ion solution was prepared by treating suspended solids of lime liquor with 1 N HCl. The EICP was optimum with 1000 U of urease, 1.0 M urea and 1.0 M CaCl2.2H2O for test tube experiments. Sand solidification experiments under optimal conditions with five times addition of cementation solution yielded a maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 810 kPa with laboratory grade CaCl2.2H2O and 780 kPa with calcium from lime liquor. The crystalline phases and morphology of the CaCO3 precipitate were analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX. The results showed the formation of more stable calcite in EICP with calcium obtained from lime liquor, while calcite and vaterite polymorphs were obtained with CaCl2.2H2O. Utilization of fleshing waste and lime liquor in EICP could reduce the pollution load and sludge formation that are generated during the pre-tanning operations of leather manufacturing. The results indicated the viability of process to achieve cost effective and sustainable biocementation for large scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Baskaran Sujiritha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; University of Madras, Chennai, 600005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijan Lal Vikash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Sebastian Antony
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Ponesakki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Numbi Ramudu Kamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Uprety B, Chandran R, Arderne C, Abrahamse H. Anticancer Activity of Urease Mimetic Cobalt (III) Complexes on A549-Lung Cancer Cells: Targeting the Acidic Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010211. [PMID: 35057107 PMCID: PMC8780642 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells maintain a local hypoxic and acidic microenvironment which plays a crucial role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Urease is a metallohydrolases that catalyses the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, causing an abrupt increase of pH. This enzymatic activity can be employed to target the acidic tumour microenvironment. In this study, we present the anticancer activities of urease mimetic cobalt (III) complexes on A549 cells. The cells were treated with different doses of cobalt (III) complexes to observe the cytotoxicity. The change in cellular morphology was observed using an inverted microscope. The cell death induced by these complexes was analysed through ATP proliferation, LDH release and caspase 3/7 activity. The effect of extracellular alkalinization by the cobalt (III) complexes on the efficacy of the weakly basic drug, doxorubicin (dox) was also evaluated. This combination therapy of dox with cobalt (III) complexes resulted in enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells, as evidenced by elevated caspase 3/7 activity in treated groups. The study confirms the urease mimicking anticancer activity of cobalt (III) complexes by neutralizing the tumour microenvironment. This study will motivate the applications of transition metal-based enzyme mimics in targeting the tumour microenvironment for effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Uprety
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (B.U.); (R.C.); Tel.: +27-11-559-6926 (R.C.)
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (B.U.); (R.C.); Tel.: +27-11-559-6926 (R.C.)
| | - Charmaine Arderne
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Adiponectin Deficiency Suppresses Rhabdomyosarcoma Associated with Gut Microbiota Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8010694. [PMID: 33553430 PMCID: PMC7847344 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8010694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is very important in the initiation, progression, and dissemination of cancer, and the regulation of microbiota has been employed as a novel strategy to enhance the effect of immunotherapy. Adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a vital role in regulating the immune response of innate immune cells. The deficiency of APN inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma growth. However, whether this function is associated with regulating gut microbiota remains unknown. To investigate, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing on the fecal microbiome of APN gene knockout mice to determine whether APN deletion affects the gut microbiota. We found APN deficiency alters gut microbial functions involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processes. In addition, a decreased abundance of Bacteroides and an increased abundance of Prevotella and Helicobacter were observed in rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing APN knockout mice; these bacteria were associated with the inhibition of rhabdomyosarcoma growth. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may be a potential target of APN deficiency against rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Liu Q, Jin X, Fang F, Li J, Du G, Kang Z. Food-grade expression of an iron-containing acid urease in Bacillus subtilis. J Biotechnol 2019; 293:66-71. [PMID: 30703469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of urea, the precursor of carcinogenic compound ethylcarbamate in rice wine, is always attractive. In the present study, we achieved high efficient production of Bacillus paralicheniformis iron-containing urease (Bp_Urease) in B. subtilis with the food-grade expression system. After reassembly of the urease gene cluster with inserting ribosome binding site (RBS), the production was increased from 38 U/L to 187 U/L. After altering the position of ureC and co-expressing the iron transporter encoding gene ureH, the activity was further increased to 1307 U/L. Eventually, the urease production was improved to 21,964 U/L in 3-L fermentor, which is the highest reported value to date. Food-grade production of the iron-containing urease would be favorable to the practical applications in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fang Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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