Comparative analysis of three methods from dried blood spots for expeditious DNA extraction from mosquitoes; suitable for PCR based techniques

Optimization of Total DNA Extraction from Dried Blood Samples

While dried blood spots are a convenient source of genetic material, they are usually associated with a lower DNA yield than from a native sample. The study evaluated the DNA yield from dried blood samples prepared on glass fibre and cellulose membranes and investigated the reasons for the yield reduction. The extraction of total DNA from membrane-dried blood samples was optimized by spin-column extraction method. It was shown that preliminary short-term (20 min) solubilization of a dried matrix in an aqueous medium, followed by standard extraction protocols for the mixture of the eluate with membranes, provides the highest DNA yield. The yield of DNA from a glass fibre membrane was 40-50% lower compared to a native sample, but on average, two times higher than from a conventional cellulose membrane (filter paper). The reduction of DNA yield when using a dried sample was found to be due to partial retention of nucleic acids by the membrane material during the lysis stage.

A rapid and inexpensive genotyping method using dried blood spots for mutational analysis in a mutant mouse model: an update

BACKGROUND

Dried blood spot (DBS) testing is a well-known method of bio-sampling by which blood samples are blotted and dried on filter paper. The dried samples can then be analyzed by several techniques such as DNA amplification and HPLC. We have developed a non-invasive sampling followed by an alternative protocol for genomic DNA extraction from a drop of blood adsorbed on paper support. This protocol consists of two separate steps: (1) organic DNA extraction from the DBS, followed by (2) DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is an advantageous and simple approach to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

RESULTS

We have evaluated the efficiency of our method for the extraction of genomic DNA from DBS by testing its performance in genotyping mouse models of obesity and herein discuss the specificity and feasibility of this novel procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

Our protocol is easy to perform, fast and inexpensive and allows the isolation of pure DNA from a tiny amount of sample.

Preservation and Extraction of Malaria Parasite DNA from Dried Blood Spots

Molecular studies related to diagnosis and research rely on collection of blood samples and extraction of high-quality DNA. In Africa, where the populations carried 94% of the total burden of cases and deaths due to malaria in 2019, collection of samples is often challenged by remote study areas and lack of a cold chain to transport and store samples. Collection of blood on filter paper is a technique that is less invasive and has simpler requirements regarding training of staff, storage, and transport of samples than collection of venous blood samples. Dried blood spots (DBS) are therefore commonly used in many research projects. However, DNA quality can be affected by duration and conditions of storage. The quality of the DNA for molecular analyses also depends on a DNA extraction methodology that provides high-quality DNA with high purity and yield. Several protocols for DNA extraction have been described, and many comparative studies have analyzed and optimized the different methodologies to find an alternative to the more costly commercial extraction kits. This chapter describes recommendations for storage and preservation of DBS, and a Chelex-based protocol for extraction of DNA from DBS.

Potential authentication of various meat-based products using simple and efficient DNA extraction method

BACKGROUND

The growth of halal food consumption worldwide has resulted in an increase in the request for halal authentication. DNA-based detection using powerful real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive authentication tool. The efficient DNA extraction method in terms of quality and quantity is a backbone step to obtain successful real-time PCR assays. In this study, different DNA extraction methods using three lysis buffers were evaluated and developed to recommend a much more efficient method as well as achieve a successful detection using real-time PCR.

RESULTS

The lysis buffer 2 (LB2) has been shown to be the best lysis buffer for DNA extraction from both raw and processed meat samples comparing to other lysis buffers tested. Hence, the LB2 has been found to be ideal to detect meat and porcine DNAs by real-time PCR using pairs of porcine specific primers and universal primers which amplified at 119 bp fragment and 93 bp fragment, respectively. This assay allows detection as low as 0.0001 ng of DNA. Higher efficiency and sensitivity of real-time PCR via a simplified DNA extraction method using LB2 have been observed, as well as a reproducible and high correlation coefficient (R²  = 0.9979) based on the regression analysis of the standard curve have been obtained.

CONCLUSION

This study has established a fast, simple, inexpensive and efficient DNA extraction method that is feasible for raw and processed meat products. This extraction technique allows an accurate DNA detection by real-time PCR and can also be implemented to assist the halal authentication of various meat-based products available in the market. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comparison between different methods of DNA isolation from dried blood spots for determination of malaria to determine specificity and cost effectiveness

DNA extraction from filter paper by using different methods was compiled through a thorough review of many research articles published in various journals. When performing malaria epidemiological surveys in remote area, it is difficult to collect blood samples and transport it. In field particularly in remote area where facilities for storing and processing of samples does not exist, there surveillance and diagnosis of malaria is very difficult. In this review we are focused upon four simple methods of DNA isolation from the field collected blood and mosquito abdomen blood meal spotted on Whatman No. 1 or No. 3 filter paper. The main DNA isolation methods are Chelex-100, Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer; Methanol based DNA extraction and Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) using Lysis buffer and Phenol-Chloroform method. Efforts have been taken to identify the methods which are cost-effective and take less time to extract DNA from dried blood spots (DBS) and whole mosquitoes. The purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge and find a method to extract DNA from DBS which will be specific, rapid, cost-effective, less time consuming and feasible for epidemiological survey in remote area.