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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Matys VY, Bubnova TV, Nemashkalov VA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. A New Enzyme Preparation Containing Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and β-Glucosidase—Synergistic Additives to Cellulases. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sagarika MS, Parameswaran C, Senapati A, Barala J, Mitra D, Prabhukarthikeyan SR, Kumar A, Nayak AK, Panneerselvam P. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) producing microbes: A novel approach for rapid recycling of agricultural wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150451. [PMID: 34607097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Out of the huge quantity of agricultural wastes produced globally, rice straw is one of the most abundant ligno-cellulosic waste. For efficient utilization of these wastes, several cost-effective biological processes are available. The practice of field level in-situ or ex-situ decomposition of rice straw is having less degree of adoption due to its poor decomposition ability within a short time span between rice harvest and sowing of the next crop. Agricultural wastes including rice straw are in general utilized by using lignocellulose degrading microbes for industrial metabolite or compost production. However, bioconversion of crystalline cellulose and lignin present in the waste, into simple molecules is a challenging task. To resolve this issue, researchers have identified a novel new generation microbial enzyme i.e., lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and reported that the combination of LPMOs with other glycolytic enzymes are found efficient. This review explains the progress made in LPMOs and their role in lignocellulose bioconversion and the possibility of exploring LPMOs producers for rapid decomposition of agricultural wastes. Also, it provides insights to identify the knowledge gaps in improving the potential of the existing ligno-cellulolytic microbial consortium for efficient utilization of agricultural wastes at industrial and field levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahapatra Smruthi Sagarika
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India; Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492012, India
| | | | - Ansuman Senapati
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - Jatiprasad Barala
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - Debasis Mitra
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | | | - Anjani Kumar
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
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Volkov PV, Rubtsova EA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyna OA, Zorov IN, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP. Properties of recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum and its application in the pustulan hydrolysis. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108211. [PMID: 33309029 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding Trichoderma harzianum fungus pustulanase (ThBGL1.6, GH5 family, endo-β-1,6-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.75) was cloned and heterologously expressed by the highly productive Penicillium verruculosum fungus. The recombinant ThBGL1.6 was purified and its properties were studied. The ThBGL1.6 had an observed molecular mass of 46 kDa (SDS-PAGE data) and displayed maximum of the enzyme activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C. At 45 °C, the ThBGL1.6 was stable for at least 3 h. The Km was 1.0 g/L with pustulan as the substrate. Reaction product analysis by HPLC clearly indicated that ThBGL1.6 has an endo-hydrolytic mode of action against pustulan as specific substrate. It was also identified that gentiobiose is the main reaction product at studying of long-term pustulan hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Volkov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - E A Rubtsova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - A M Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O A Sinitsyna
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I N Zorov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E G Kondratyeva
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - A P Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Synergistic Action of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and a Cellobiohydrolase from Penicillium funiculosum in Cellulose Saccharification under High-Level Substrate Loading. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01769-20. [PMID: 32978122 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01769-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are crucial industrial enzymes required in the biorefinery industry as well as in the natural carbon cycle. These enzymes, known to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds, are produced by numerous bacterial and fungal species to assist in the degradation of cellulosic biomass. In this study, we annotated and performed structural analysis of an uncharacterized LPMO from Penicillium funiculosum (PfLPMO9) based on computational methods in an attempt to understand the behavior of this enzyme in biomass degradation. PfLPMO9 exhibited 75% and 36% sequence identities with LPMOs from Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaLPMO9A) and Lentinus similis (LsLPMO9A), respectively. Furthermore, multiple fungal genetic manipulation tools were employed to simultaneously overexpress LPMO and cellobiohydrolase I (CBH1) in a catabolite-derepressed strain of Penicillium funiculosum, PfMig188 (an engineered variant of P. funiculosum), to improve its saccharification performance toward acid-pretreated wheat straw (PWS) at 20% substrate loading. The resulting transformants showed improved LPMO and CBH1 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels, with ∼200% and ∼66% increases in ascorbate-induced LPMO and Avicelase activities, respectively. While the secretome of PfMig88 overexpressing LPMO or CBH1 increased the saccharification of PWS by 6% or 13%, respectively, over the secretome of PfMig188 at the same protein concentration, the simultaneous overexpression of these two genes led to a 20% increase in saccharification efficiency over that observed with PfMig188, which accounted for 82% saccharification of PWS under 20% substrate loading.IMPORTANCE The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass by cellulases continues to be a significant bottleneck in the development of second-generation biobased industries. While increasing efforts are being made to obtain indigenous cellulases for biomass hydrolysis, the high production cost of this enzyme remains a crucial challenge affecting its wide availability for the efficient utilization of cellulosic materials. This is because it is challenging to obtain an enzymatic cocktail with balanced activity from a single host. This report describes the annotation and structural analysis of an uncharacterized lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) gene in Penicillium funiculosum and its impact on biomass deconstruction upon overexpression in a catabolite-derepressed strain of P. funiculosum Cellobiohydrolase I (CBH1), which is the most important enzyme produced by many cellulolytic fungi for the saccharification of crystalline cellulose, was further overexpressed simultaneously with LPMO. The resulting secretome was analyzed for enhanced LPMO and exocellulase activities and the corresponding improvement in saccharification performance (by ∼20%) under high-level substrate loading using a minimal amount of protein.
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Gaber Y, Rashad B, Hussein R, Abdelgawad M, Ali NS, Dishisha T, Várnai A. Heterologous expression of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li X, Han C, Li W, Chen G, Wang L. Insights into the cellulose degradation mechanism of the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum based on integrated functional omics. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:143. [PMID: 32817759 PMCID: PMC7425565 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose is the most abundant and renewable biomass resource on the planet. Lignocellulose can be converted into biofuels and high-value compounds; however, its recalcitrance makes its breakdown a challenge. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) offer tremendous promise for the degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides. Chaetomium thermophilum, having many LPMO-coding genes, is a dominant thermophilic fungus in cellulose-rich and self-heating habitats. This study explores the genome, secretomes and transcript levels of specific genes of C. thermophilum. RESULTS The genome of C. thermophilum encoded a comprehensive set of cellulose- and xylan-degrading enzymes, especially 18 AA9 LPMOs that belonged to different subfamilies. Extracellular secretomes showed that arabinose and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) could specifically induce the secretion of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), especially AA9 LPMOs, by C. thermophilum under different carbon sources. Temporal analyses of secretomes and transcripts revealed that arabinose induced the secretion of xylanases by C. thermophilum, which was obviously different from other common filamentous fungi. MCC could efficiently induce the specific secretion of LPMO2s, possibly because the insert in loop3 on the substrate-binding surface of LPMO2s strengthened its binding capacity to cellulose. LPMO2s, cellobio hydrolases (CBHs) and cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) were cosecreted, forming an efficient cellulose degradation system of oxidases and hydrolases under thermophilic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The specific expression of LPMO2s and cosecretion of hydrolases and oxidases by the thermophilic fungus C. thermophilum play an important role in cellulose degradation. This insight increases our understanding of the cellulose degradation under thermophilic conditions and may inspire the design of the optimal enzyme cocktails for more efficient exploration of biomass resources in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Agrawal D, Kaur B, Kaur Brar K, Chadha BS. An innovative approach of priming lignocellulosics with lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases prior to saccharification with glycosyl hydrolases can economize second generation ethanol process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123257. [PMID: 32244131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two Lytic polysaccharide Mono-Oxygenases (LPMOs), non-modular (PMO_08942) and modular (PMO_07920), from thermotolerant fungus Aspergillus terreus 9DR cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33 and purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography were found to be of ~29 and ~40 kDa, respectively. Both LPMOs were optimally active at 50 °C; PMO_08942 was active under acidic condition (pH 5.0) and PMO_07920 at pH 7.0. Modular LPMO (PMO_07920) tethered to CBM-1 was found to be versatile as it showed appreciable activity on complex polysaccharide (both cellulose and xylans) as compared to non-modular (PMO_08942). The t1/2 of PMO_08942 (~192 h, pH 5.0) and PMO_0792 (~192 h, pH 7.0) at 50 °C, suggests highly stable nature of these LPMOs. Fluorescently tagged modular AA9 was studied microscopically to understand interaction with pretreated biomass. Priming of biomass for up to 6 h with LPMOs prior to initiating hydrolysis with core cellulase enzyme resulted in significantly higher saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Brar
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Sinitsyna OA, Rubtsova EA, Sinelnikov IG, Osipov DO, Rozhkova AM, Matys VY, Bubnova TV, Nemashkalov VA, Sereda AS, Tcsherbakova LA, Sinitsyn AP. Creation of Chitinase Producer and Disruption of Micromycete Cell Wall with the Obtained Enzyme Preparation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:717-724. [PMID: 32586235 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant strain producing a complex of extracellular enzymes including chitinase from Myceliophtora thermophila was created based on the fungus Penicillium verruculosum. The activity of the enzyme preparations obtained from the cultural fluid of the producer strain was 0.55, 0.53, and 0.66 U/mg protein with chitin and chitosans with the molecular weight of 200 and 1000 kDa, respectively. The temperature optimum for the recombinant chitinase was 52-65°C; the pH optimum was 4.5-6.2, which corresponded to the published data for this class of the enzymes. The content of heterologous chitinase in the obtained enzyme preparations was 47% of total protein content in the cultural fluid. Enzyme preparations produced by the recombinant P. verruculosum XT403 strain and containing heterologous chitinase were able to degrade the mycelium of micromycetes, including phytopathogenic ones, and were very efficient in the bioconversion of microbiological industry waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Sinitsyna
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E A Rubtsova
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - I G Sinelnikov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - D O Osipov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - A M Rozhkova
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - V Yu Matys
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - T V Bubnova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - V A Nemashkalov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - A S Sereda
- Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology, Moscow, 111033, Russia
| | - L A Tcsherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazemy, Moscow Region, 143050, Russia
| | - A P Sinitsyn
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Rozhkova AM, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP. Purification and characterization of two forms of the homologously expressed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (PvLPMO9A) from Penicillium verruculosum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cloning, purification and study of recombinant GH3 family β-glucosidase from Penicillium verruculosum. Biochimie 2020; 168:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Discovery and Expression of Thermostable LPMOs from Thermophilic Fungi for Producing Efficient Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Cocktails. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:463-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Adsul M, Sandhu SK, Singhania RR, Gupta R, Puri SK, Mathur A. Designing a cellulolytic enzyme cocktail for the efficient and economical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 133:109442. [PMID: 31874688 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about dwindling fossil fuels and their unfavorable environmental impacts shifted the global focus towards the development of biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The structure of this biomass is very complex due to which variety of enzymes (cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, auxiliary/AA9) and proteins (e.g. swollenin) required for efficient deconstruction. Major impediments in large-scale commercial production of cellulosic ethanol are the cost of cellulases and inability of any single microorganism to produce all cellulolytic components in sufficient titers. In the recent past, various methods for reducing the enzyme cost during cellulosic ethanol production have been attempted. These include designing optimal synergistic enzyme blends/cocktail, having certain ratios of enzymes from different microbial sources, for efficient hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. However, the mechanisms underlying the development, strategies for production and evaluation of optimal cellulolytic cocktails still remain unclear. This article aims to explore the technical and economic benefits of using cellulolytic enzyme cocktail, basic enzymatic and non-enzymatic components required for its development and various strategies employed for efficient cellulolytic cocktail preparation. Consideration was also given to the ways of evaluation of commercially available and in-house developed cocktails. Discussion about commercially available cellulolytic cocktails, current challenges and possible avenues in the development of cellulolytic cocktails included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Adsul
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| | - Simranjeet Kaur Sandhu
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Suresh K Puri
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anshu Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
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