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Traoré L, Savadogo M, Zouré AA, Kiendrebeogo TI, Soudre FMBTB, Dabre S, Traore ADD, Adico MDW, Lare T, Ouedraogo TWC, Ouedraogo RA, Ouattara AK, Yelemkoure ET, Sawadogo AY, Zongo N, Bambara HA, Nadembega CW, Djigma FW, Simpore J. Carrying SNP rs17506395 (T > G) in TP63 gene and CCR5Δ32 mutation associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220847. [PMID: 38585642 PMCID: PMC10998675 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the TP63 (GenBank: NC_000003.12, ID: 8626) and CCR5 (receptor 5 chemokine co-receptor) (GenBank: NC_000003.12, ID: 1234) genes may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the probable involvement of polymorphisms rs17506395 in the TP63 (tumour protein 63) gene and the CCR5Δ32 mutation in the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso. This case-control study included 72 patients and 72 controls. Genotyping of SNP rs17506395 (TP63) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and genotyping of the CCR5Δ32 mutation was performed by allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction. For SNP rs17506395 (TP63), the genotypic frequencies of wild-type homozygotes (TT) and heterozygotes (TG) were, respectively, 27.72 and 72.22% in cases and 36.11 and 63.89% in controls. No mutated homozygotes (GG) were observed. For the CCR5Δ32 mutation, the genotypic frequencies of wild-type homozygotes (WT/WT) and heterozygotes (WT/Δ32) were 87.5 and 13.5%, respectively, in the cases and 89.29 and 10.71%, respectively, in the controls. No mutated homozygotes (Δ32/Δ32) were observed. None of the polymorphisms rs17506395 of the TP63 gene (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.69-3.17, P = 0.284) and the CCR5Δ32 mutation (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.46-3.77; P = 0.79) were associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Traoré
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Mousso Savadogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou Azaque Zouré
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio), Biomedical and Public Health Department, Health Sciences Research Institute (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7192Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Touwendpoulimdé Isabelle Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Fabienne Marie B. T. B. Soudre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory Department, University Hospital Centre-Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Soayebo Dabre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Aida Djé Djénéba Traore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc Donald Wilfried Adico
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Tilate Lare
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Gaoua University Centre, NAZI BONI University, 01 BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Manga University Centre, Norbert ZONGO University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Edwige T. Yelemkoure
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Alexis Yobi Sawadogo
- Gynecology Department, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nayi Zongo
- Department of Surgery, Visceral and Digestive Surgery Service, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hierrhum Aboubacar Bambara
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Centre-BOGODOGO, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, UFR/SDS, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Christelle W. Nadembega
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia W. Djigma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Khan MS, Hanif W, Alsakhen N, Jabbar B, Shamkh IM, Alsaiari AA, Almehmadi M, Alghamdi S, Shakoori A, Al Farraj DA, Almutairi SM, Hussein Issa Mohammed Y, Abouzied AS, Rehman AU, Huwaimel B. Isoform switching leads to downregulation of cytokine producing genes in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230998. [PMID: 37900178 PMCID: PMC10611502 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Estrogen receptor breast cancer (BC) is characterized by the expression of estrogen receptors. It is the most common cancer among women, with an incidence rate of 2.26 million cases worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes and isoform switching between estrogen receptor positive and triple negative BC samples. Methods: The data were collected from ArrayExpress, followed by preprocessing and subsequent mapping from HISAT2. Read quantification was performed by StringTie, and then R package ballgown was used to perform differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using Enrichr, and then immune genes were shortlisted based on the ScType marker database. Isoform switch analysis was also performed using the IsoformSwitchAnalyzeR package. Results: A total of 9,771 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 86 were upregulated and 117 were downregulated. Six genes were identified as mainly associated with estrogen receptor positive BC, while a novel set of ten genes were found which have not previously been reported in estrogen receptor positive BC. Furthermore, alternative splicing and subsequent isoform usage in the immune system related genes were determined. Conclusion: This study identified the differential usage of isoforms in the immune system related genes in cancer cells that suggest immunosuppression due to the dysregulation of CXCR chemokine receptor binding, iron ion binding, and cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waqar Hanif
- Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Science (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nada Alsakhen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Israa M. Shamkh
- Chemo and Bioinformatics Lab, Bio Search Research Institution, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Shakoori
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A. Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amr S. Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NOD CAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziz-Ur Rehman
- Keystone Pharmacogenomics LLC, Bensalem, PA, United States
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Shi W, Sun Y. A functional gene module identification algorithm in gene expression data based on genetic algorithm and gene ontology. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:76. [PMID: 36797662 PMCID: PMC9936134 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since genes do not function individually, the gene module is considered an important tool for interpreting gene expression profiles. In order to consider both functional similarity and expression similarity in module identification, GMIGAGO, a functional Gene Module Identification algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm and Gene Ontology, was proposed in this work. GMIGAGO is an overlapping gene module identification algorithm, which mainly includes two stages: In the first stage (initial identification of gene modules), Improved Partitioning Around Medoids Based on Genetic Algorithm (PAM-GA) is used for the initial clustering on gene expression profiling, and traditional gene co-expression modules can be obtained. Only similarity of expression levels is considered at this stage. In the second stage (optimization of functional similarity within gene modules), Genetic Algorithm for Functional Similarity Optimization (FSO-GA) is used to optimize gene modules based on gene ontology, and functional similarity within gene modules can be improved. Without loss of generality, we compared GMIGAGO with state-of-the-art gene module identification methods on six gene expression datasets, and GMIGAGO identified the gene modules with the highest functional similarity (much higher than state-of-the-art algorithms). GMIGAGO was applied in BRCA, THCA, HNSC, COVID-19, Stem, and Radiation datasets, and it identified some interesting modules which performed important biological functions. The hub genes in these modules could be used as potential targets for diseases or radiation protection. In summary, GMIGAGO has excellent performance in mining molecular mechanisms, and it can also identify potential biomarkers for individual precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- grid.440686.80000 0001 0543 8253College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Weiyu Shi
- grid.440686.80000 0001 0543 8253College of Maritime Economics & Management, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Tan C, Zuo F, Lu M, Chen S, Tian Z, Hu Y. Identification of potential genes correlated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.2021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zuo
- Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei polytechnic University, Huangshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Lu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758358. [PMID: 34956188 PMCID: PMC8703165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of Brazilians encompasses Amerindian, African, and European components as a result of the colonization of an already Amerindian inhabited region by Europeans, associated to a massive influx of Africans. Other migratory flows introduced into the Brazilian population genetic components from Asia and the Middle East. Currently, Brazil has a highly admixed population and, therefore, the study of genetic factors in the context of health or disease in Brazil is a challenging and remarkably interesting subject. This phenomenon is exemplified by the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, a 32 base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene. CCR5Δ32 originated in Europe, but the time of origin as well as the selective pressures that allowed the maintenance of this variant and the establishment of its current frequencies in the different human populations is still a field of debates. Due to its origin, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is high in European-derived populations (~10%) and low in Asian and African native human populations. In Brazil, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is intermediate (4-6%) and varies on the Brazilian States, depending on the migratory history of each region. CCR5 is a protein that regulates the activity of several immune cells, also acting as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. The CCR5 expression is influenced by CCR5Δ32 genotypes. No CCR5 expression is observed in CCR5Δ32 homozygous individuals. Thus, the CCR5Δ32 has particular effects on different diseases. At the population level, the effect that CCR5Δ32 has on European populations may be different than that observed in highly admixed populations. Besides less evident due to its low frequency in admixed groups, the effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant may be affected by other genetic traits. Understanding the effects of CCR5Δ32 on Brazilians is essential to predict the potential use of pharmacological CCR5 modulators in Brazil. Therefore, this study reviews the impacts of the CCR5Δ32 on the Brazilian population, considering infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Finally, this article provides a general discussion concerning the impacts of a European-derived variant, the CCR5Δ32, on a highly admixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Tajbakhsh A, Farjami Z, Nesaei-Bajestani A, Afzaljavan F, Rivandi M, Moezzi A, Abedini S, Asghari M, Kooshyar MM, Homaei Shandiz F, Pasdar A. Evaluating the Association between CCR5delta32 Polymorphism (rs333) and the Risk of Breast Cancer in a Cohort of Iranian Population. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:583-591. [PMID: 34178806 PMCID: PMC8214612 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is introduced as an immune response modulator. The activity of CCR5 influences breast tumour development in a p53-dependent manner. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of CCR5delta32 and its association with the risk of breast cancer in 1038 blood samples in North East of Iran. Methods In this case-control study, we genotyped 570 control samples and 468 breast cancer patients by a gel electrophoresis-based gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) method Mashhad, Iran. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results Of 570 controls included, 542 (95.09%) had CCR5delta32 wild/wild (W/W) genotype, 28 samples (4.91%) had CCR5delta32 wild/deletion (W/D) genotype and none of them were CCR5delta32 deletion/deletion (D/D) genotype (0%). While 428 samples of patients (91.45%) had CCR5delta32 W/W genotype, 40 samples (8.55%) had CCR5delta32 W/D and CCR5delta32 D/D homozygous was nil (0%) amongst cases. All samples were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). According to the allele frequency, D allele, as a risky allele, in the cases was more than the control samples (0.0427 vs 0.0245, respectively) (P=0.0206). Hence, W/D genotype may confer a risk effect (OR=1.77, CI: 1.09-2.90; P=0.0206) compared with WW genotype between case and control groups. Conclusion There is a statistically significant association between CCR5W/D and breast cancer risk. CCR5 may be regarded as a target for the prevention of breast cancer in certain conditions such as interaction with p53 variants, which remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei-Bajestani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran
| | - Atefeh Moezzi
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheila Abedini
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran
| | - Mahla Asghari
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Kooshyar
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash-had, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ellwanger JH, Kaminski VDL, Rodrigues AG, Kulmann-Leal B, Chies JAB. CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:261-285. [PMID: 32212259 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCR5 molecule was reported in 1996 as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. In that same year, the CCR5Δ32 genetic variant was described as a strong protective factor against HIV-1 infection. These findings led to extensive research regarding the CCR5, culminating in critical scientific advances, such as the development of CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the research landscape surrounding CCR5 has begun to change. Different research groups have realized that, since CCR5 has such important effects in the chemokine system, it could also affect other different physiological systems. Therefore, the effect of reduced CCR5 expression due to the presence of the CCR5Δ32 variant began to be further studied. Several studies have investigated the role of CCR5 and the impacts of CCR5Δ32 on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, and viral diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in diseases caused by bacteria and parasites is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the role of CCR5 and the effects of CCR5Δ32 on bacterial (brucellosis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and infection by Chlamydia trachomatis) and parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis). Basic information about each of these infections was also addressed. The neglected role of CCR5 in fungal disease and emerging studies regarding the action of CCR5 on regulatory T cells are briefly covered in this review. Considering the "renaissance of CCR5 research," this article is useful for updating researchers who develop studies involving CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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