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Wang T, Leng D, Cai Z, Chen B, Li J, Kui H, Li D, Li Z. Insights into left-right asymmetric development of chicken ovary at the single-cell level. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00210-8. [PMID: 39147128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Avian ovaries develop asymmetrically apart from prey birds, with only the left ovary growing more towards functional organs. Here, we analyze over 135,000 cells from chick's left and right ovaries at six distinct embryonic developmental stages utilizing single-cell transcriptome sequencing. We delineate gene expression patterns across 15 cell types within these embryo ovaries, revealing side-specific development. The left ovaries exhibit cortex cells, zygotene germ cells, and transcriptional changes unique to the left side. Differential gene expression analysis further identifies specific markers and pathways active in these cell types, highlighting the asymmetry in ovarian development. A fine-scale analysis of the germ cell meiotic transcriptome reveals seven distinct clusters with gene expression patterns specific to various meiotic stages. The study also identifies signaling pathways and intercellular communications, particularly between pre-granulosa and germ cells. Spatial transcriptome analysis shows the asymmetry, demonstrating cortex cells exclusively in the left ovary, modulating neighboring cell types through putative secreted signaling molecules. Overall, this single-cell analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the asymmetric development of avian ovaries, particularly the significant role of cortex cells in the left ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Dong Leng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Zhongkun Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Hua Kui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China.
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Secio-Silva A, Emrich F, Evangelista-Silva PH, Prates RP, Hijo AHT, Figueira-Costa TN, Schaeffer M, Goulart-Silva F, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Bargi-Souza P. Which housekeeping gene is the best choice for RT-qPCR analysis in mice fed with a high-fat diet? Studies in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestines. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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He H, Li Z, Ni M, Xing S, Yu L, Xu H, Zhuo D, Li M. Screening and stability analysis of reference genes in fasting caecotrophy model in rabbits. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1057-1065. [PMID: 34743273 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection and validation of stably expressed reference genes is key for accurately quantifying the mRNA abundance of genes under different treatments. In the rabbit model of fasting caecotrophy, reports about the selection of stable reference genes are not available. METHODS AND RESULTS This study aims to screen suitable reference genes in different tissues (including uterus, cecum, and liver) of rabbits between control and fasting caecotrophy groups. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of eight commonly used reference genes (including GAPDH, 18S rRNA, B2M, CYP, HPRT1, β-actin, H2afz, Ywhaz), and RefFinder (including geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) was used to analyze the expression stability of these reference genes. Our results showed that the most stable reference genes were different in different tissues and treatments. In the control and fasting caecotrophy groups, CYP, GAPDH and HPRT1 were proven to be the top stable reference genes in the uterus, cecum, and liver tissues, respectively. GAPDH and Ywhaz were proven to be the top two stable reference genes among uterus, cecum, and liver in both control and fasting caecotrophy groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the combined analysis of three or more reference genes (GAPDH, HPRT1, and Ywhaz) are recommended to be used for RT-qPCR normalization in the rabbit model of fasting caecotrophy, and that GAPDH is a better choice than the other reference genes for normalizing the relative expression of target genes in different tissues of fasting caecotrophy rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dehu Zhuo
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
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Kwon N, Lee KE, Singh M, Kang SG. Suitable primers for GAPDH reference gene amplification in quantitative RT-PCR analysis of human gene expression. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shao S, Zhao H, Lu Z, Lei X, Zhang Y. Circadian Rhythms Within the Female HPG Axis: From Physiology to Etiology. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6298422. [PMID: 34125877 PMCID: PMC8256628 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Declining female fertility has become a global health concern. It results partially from an abnormal circadian clock caused by unhealthy diet and sleep habits in modern life. The circadian clock system is a hierarchical network consisting of central and peripheral clocks. It not only controls the sleep-wake and feeding-fasting cycles but also coordinates and maintains the required reproductive activities in the body. Physiologically, the reproductive processes are governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in a time-dependent manner. The HPG axis releases hormones, generates female characteristics, and achieves fertility. Conversely, an abnormal daily rhythm caused by aberrant clock genes or abnormal environmental stimuli contributes to disorders of the female reproductive system, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency. Therefore, breaking the "time code" of the female reproductive system is crucial. In this paper, we review the interplay between circadian clocks and the female reproductive system and present its regulatory principles, moving from normal physiology regulation to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Shao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiying Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Correspondence: Dr. Ying Zhang, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Figueira da Costa TN, Andreotti S, de Farias TDSM, Lima FB, Bargi-Souza P. The Influence of Melatonin on the Daily 24-h Rhythm of Putative Reference Gene Expression in White Adipose Tissues. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:530-541. [PMID: 32886018 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420949337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In adipose tissue, the expression of hundreds of genes exhibits circadian oscillation, which may or may not be affected by circulating melatonin levels. Using control and pinealectomized rats, we investigated the daily expression profile of Actb, Hprt-1, B2m, and Rpl37a, genes that are commonly used as reference genes for reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), in epididymal (EP), retroperitoneal (RP), and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues. In control rats, Actb expression presented a daily oscillation in all adipose tissues investigated, Hprt-1 showed 24-h fluctuations in only RP and SC depots, B2m was stable over 24 h for EP and RP but oscillated over 24 h in SC adipose tissue, and Rpl37a presented a daily oscillation in only RP fat. In the absence of melatonin, the rhythmicity of Actb in all adipose depots was abolished, the daily rhythmicity of Hprt-1 and B2m was disrupted in SC fat, the peak expression of Rpl37a and Hprt-1 was delayed, and the amplitude of Rpl37a was reduced in RP adipose tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the expression of putative reference genes displays a daily rhythm influenced by melatonin levels in a manner specific to the adipose depot. Thus, the proper standardization and daily profile expression of reference genes should be performed carefully in temporal studies using RT-qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatienne Neder Figueira da Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Sandra Andreotti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Wu X, Zhou X, Ding X, Chu M, Liang C, Pei J, Xiong L, Bao P, Guo X, Yan P. The Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in the Ashidan Yak Mammary Gland During Lactation and Dry Period. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110943. [PMID: 31717620 PMCID: PMC6912359 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ashidan yak is a new cultivated breed which has polled characteristics and a mild temperament. Improving milk yield is an important aspect of a breeding program for this breed. The mammary gland undergoes dramatic physiological and metabolic changes during the transition from lactation to dry periods, which involves the expression and regulation of a great number of genes. Quantification of gene expression levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is important to reveal the molecular mechanisms of mammary gland development and lactation. The accuracy of RT-qPCR is strongly influenced by the expression stability of reference genes, however, a systematic approach for selecting reference genes used for analyzing gene expression of the Ashidan yak has not been developed. In this study, we selected reference genes and analyzed their expression stability at different physiological stages (lactation and dry period). We found the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene (HMBS) and the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide gene (YWHAZ) were the most stable genes of the mammary gland of the Ashidan yak. These results help to improve the accuracy of gene expression analysis and provide a basis for future functional studies of target gene expression in the mammary gland of the Ashidan yak. Abstract Investigating the critical genes related to milk synthesis is essential for the improvement of the milk yield of the yak. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a reliable and widely used method to measure and evaluate gene expression levels. Selection of suitable reference genes is mandatory to acquire accurate normalization of gene expression results from RT-qPCR. To select the most stable reference genes for reliable normalization of mRNA expression by RT-qPCR in the mammary gland of the Ashidan yak, we selected 16 candidate reference genes and analyzed their expression stability at different physiological stages (lactation and dry period). The expression stability of the candidate reference genes was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct, and RefFinder methods. The results showed that the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene (HMBS) and the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide gene (YWHAZ) were the most stable genes across all treatment samples. The reliability of selected reference genes was validated by normalizing relative expression of the lactation-related 60S ribosomal protein L35 gene (RPL35). The relative expression of RPL35 varied considerably according to the different reference genes. This work provides valuable information to further promote research in the molecular mechanisms involved in lactation and mammary gland development and provides a foundation for the improvement of the milk yield and quality of the Ashidan yak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Guo
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-0931-2115257 (X.G.); +86-0931-2115288 (P.Y.)
| | - Ping Yan
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-0931-2115257 (X.G.); +86-0931-2115288 (P.Y.)
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NOCTURNIN Gene Diurnal Variation in Healthy Volunteers and Expression Levels in Shift Workers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7582734. [PMID: 31467910 PMCID: PMC6699378 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7582734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The NOCTURNIN gene links nutrient absorption and metabolism to the circadian clock. Shift workers are at a heightened risk of overweight and of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the diurnal variation of NOCTURNIN in healthy volunteers and its expression levels in rotational shift and daytime workers. Methods NOCTURNIN expression levels were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy volunteers at 4-hour intervals for 24 h. Metabolic parameters and NOCTURNIN expression were measured in workers engaged in shift and daytime work. Results In the group of volunteers NOCTURNIN expression showed diurnal variation, with a peak at 8:00 AM. NOCTURNIN expression was higher in shift workers than in daytime workers. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of shift work as an independent factor affecting NOCTURNIN expression. Notably, its level correlated directly with body mass index and inversely with total energy expenditure. Conclusions Measuring NOCTURNIN expression levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes can improve investigations on the relationship between changes in circadian rhythm and metabolic disorders. Shift workers show higher NOCTURNIN levels than daytime workers.
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