LEP (-2548G>A LEP) and LEPR (223Gln>Arg, 109Lys>Arg) polymorphisms as breast cancer risk factors in the Polish female population

Identification and validation of obesity related genes signature based on microenvironment phenotypes in prostate adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND

The role of obesity related genes (ORGs) in the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) has not yet been proved by research.

METHODS

We comprehensively evaluated the ORGs patterns in PRAD based on tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotypes and immunotherapy efficacies. Then we constructed a ORGs risk score for prognosis and a ORGs signature for accurate prediction of TME phenotype and immunotherapy efficacy in order to evaluate individual patients.

RESULTS

Two distinct ORGs patterns were generated. The two ORGs patterns were consistent with inflammatory and non-inflammatory TME phenotypes. ORGs patterns had an important role for predicting immunotherapy efficacies. Next, we constructed a ORGs risk score for predicting each patient's prognosis with high performance in TCGA-PRAD. The ORGs risk score could be well verified in the external cohorts including GSE70769 and GSE21034. Then, we developed a ORGs signature and found it was significantly positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in TCGA-PRAD. We found that each patient in the high-risk ORGs signature group represented a non-inflamed TME phenotype on the single cell level. The patients with high ORGs signature had more sensitivity to immunotherapy. And those ORGs were verified.

CONCLUSIONS

ORGs pattern depicts different TME phenotypes in PRAD. The ORGs risk score and ORGs signature have an important role for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacies.

Genetic alterations in LEP and ADIPOQ genes and risk for breast cancer: a meta-analysis

Introduction

Breast cancer has a strong genetic predisposition, and its genetic architecture is not fully understood thus far. In this study, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of genetic alterations in LEP and ADIPOQ genes, as well as their receptor-encoded genes with risk for breast cancer.

Methods

Only published studies conducted in humans and written in English were identified by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHIL and Embase from their inception to October 2022. Eligibility assessment and data collection were completed independently by two researchers. Statistical analyses were done using the STATA software.

Results

After literature search, 33 publications were eligible for inclusion. Overall, LEP gene rs7799039-G allele (odds ratio [OR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62 to 0.98) and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299-T allele (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.88) were associated with the significant risk of breast cancer. In subgroup analyses, differences in menopausal status, obesity, race, study design, diagnosis of breast cancer, genotyping method and sample size might account for the divergent observations of individual studies. Circulating leptin levels were comparable across genotypes of LEP gene rs7799039, as well as that of LEPR gene rs1137101 (P>0.05). Begg's funnel plots seemed symmetrical, with the exception of LEPR gene rs1137100 and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299.

Discussion

Taken together, we found, in this meta-analysis, that LEP gene rs7799039 and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299 were two promising candidate loci in predisposition to breast cancer risk.

The Prognosis of Leptin rs2167270 G > A (G19A) Polymorphism in the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Although the effect of the LEP G19A (rs2167270) polymorphism on cancers is assumed, the results of its influence have been contradictory. A meta-analysis was conducted to precisely verify the relationships between LEP G19A and the development of digestion-related cancers.

Methods

Investigators systematically searched the literature in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science and used STATA software 14.0 for the meta-analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the associations. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity, cancer type, and cancer system were further conducted to assess the relationship between the LEP G19A polymorphism and digestion-related cancers.

Results

In the overall population, we found a significant relationship with overall cancer (allele comparison: OR = 0.921, p = 0.000; dominant comparison: OR = 0.923, p = 0.004; recessive comparison: OR = 0.842, p = 0.000; homozygote model: OR = 0.0843, p = 0.001). In a subgroup analysis conducted by ethnicity, we obtained significant results in Asians (Asian allele comparison: OR = 0.885, p = 0.000; dominant comparison: OR = 0.862, p = 0.000; homozygote model: OR = 0.824, p = 0.039; and heterozygote comparison: OR = 0.868, p = 0.000) but not in Caucasians. In a subgroup analysis conducted by cancer type and cancer system, we obtained significant results that the LEP G19A polymorphism may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, digestive system cancer, and urinary system cancer.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis revealed that the LEP G19A polymorphism may decrease the risk of cancer.