Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cell spheres with hematopoietic stem cells under hypoxia: a cost-effective method to maintain self-renewal and homing marker expression

Mesenchymal stromal cells surface engineering for efficient hematopoietic reconstitution

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are believed to migrate to injury sites, release chemical attractants, and either recruit local stem cells or modulate the immune system positively. Although MSCs are highly desired for their potential to reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration, their limited lifespan restricts their applications. This study presents a simple approach for protecting MSCs with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and magnesium (Mg) based metal-organic framework coatings (E-Mg@MSC). The layer strengthens MSCs resistant to harmful stresses and creates a favorable microenvironment for repair by providing Mg to facilitate MSCs' osteogenic differentiation and using EGCG to neutralize excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). E-Mg@MSC serves as a treatment for hematopoietic injury induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Coated MSCs exhibit sustained secretion of hematopoietic growth factors and precise homing to radiation-sensitive tissues. In vivo studies show substantial enhancement in hematopoietic system recovery and multi-organ protection. Mechanistic investigations suggest that E-Mg@MSC mitigates IR-induced ROS, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis, contributing to reduced radiation damage. The system represents a versatile and compelling strategy for cell-surface engineering with functional materials to advance MSCs therapy.

Exploring the potential of predicted miRNAs on the genes involved in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

A major challenge in therapeutic approaches applying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the cell quantity. The primary objective of this study was to predict the miRNAs and anti-miRNAs using bioinformatics tools and investigate their effects on the expression levels of key genes predicted in the improvement of proliferation, and the inhibition of differentiation in HSCs isolated from Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB). A network including genes related to the differentiation and proliferation stages of HSCs was constructed by enriching data of text (PubMed) and StemChecker server with KEGG signaling pathways, and was improved using GEO datasets. Bioinformatics tools predicted a profile from miRNAs containing miR-20a-5p, miR-423-5p, and chimeric anti-miRNA constructed from 5'-miR-340/3'-miR-524 for the high-score genes (RB1, SMAD4, STAT1, CALML4, GNG13, and CDKN1A/CDKN1B genes) in the network. The miRNAs and anti-miRNA were transferred into HSCs using polyethylenimine (PEI). The gene expression levels were estimated using the RT-qPCR technique in the PEI + (miRNA/anti-miRNA)-contained cell groups (n = 6). Furthermore, CD markers (90, 16, and 45) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Strong relationships were found between the high-score genes, miRNAs, and chimeric anti-miRNA. The RB1, SMAD4, and STAT1 gene expression levels were decreased by miR-20a-5p (P < 0.05). Additionally, the anti-miRNA increased the gene expression level of GNG13 (P < 0.05), whereas the miR-423-5p decreased the CDKN1A gene expression level (P < 0.01). The cellular count also increased significantly (P < 0.05) but the CD45 differentiation marker did not change in the cell groups. The study revealed the predicted miRNA/anti-miRNA profile expands HSCs isolated from HUCB. While miR-20a-5p suppressed the RB1, SMAD4, and STAT1 genes involved in cellular differentiation, the anti-miRNA promoted the GNG13 gene related to the proliferation process. Notably, the mixed miRNA/anti-miRNA group exhibited the highest cellular expansion. This approach could hold promise for enhancing the cell quantity in HSC therapy.

Influential factors for optimizing and strengthening mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells co-culture

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are two types of bone marrow stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into different cell lineages. HSCs interact with MSCs under protective conditions, called niche. Numerous studies have indicated supportive effects of MSCs on HSCs proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, HSCs have many clinical applications and could treat different hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. For this purpose, there is a need to perform in vitro studies to optimize their expansion. Therefore, various methods including co-culture with MSCs are used to address the limitations of HSCs culture. Some parameters that might be effective for improving the MSC/ HSC co-culture systems. Manipulating culture condition to enhance MSC paracrine activity, scaffolds, hypoxia, culture medium additives, and the use of various MSC sources, have been examined in different studies. In this article, we investigated the potential factors for optimizing HSCs/ MSCs co-culture. It might be helpful to apply a suitable approach for providing high-quality HSCs and improving their therapeutic applications.

Plumping up a Cushion of Human Biowaste in Regenerative Medicine: Novel Insights into a State-of-the-Art Reserve Arsenal

Major breakthroughs and disruptive methods in disease treatment today owe their thanks to our inch by inch developing conception of the infinitive aspects of medicine since the very beginning, among which, the role of the regenerative medicine can on no account be denied, a branch of medicine dedicated to either repairing or replacing the injured or diseased cells, organs, and tissues. A novel means to accomplish such a quest is what is being called "medical biowaste", a large assortment of biological samples produced during a surgery session or as a result of physiological conditions and biological activities. The current paper accentuating several of a number of promising sources of biowaste together with their plausible applications in routine clinical practices and the confronting challenges aims at inspiring research on the existing gap between clinical and basic science to further extend our knowledge and understanding concerning the potential applications of medical biowaste.

Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium derived from suspension cultivation or silymarin on liver failure mice

BACKGROUND

Common treatments of liver disease failed to meet all the needs in this important medical field. It results in an urgent need for proper some new adjuvant therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives are promising tools in this regard. We aimed to compare the Silymarin, as traditional treatment with mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM), as a novel strategy, both with therapeutic potentialities in term of liver failure (LF) treatment.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Mice models with liver failure were induced with CCl₄ and were treated in the groups as follows: normal mice receiving DMEM-LG medium as control, LF-mice receiving DMEM-LG medium as sham, LF-mice receiving Silymarin as LF-SM, and LF-mice receiving MSC sphere CM as LF-MSC-CM. Biochemical, histopathological, molecular and protein level parameters were evaluated using blood and liver samples. Liver enzymes, MicroRNA-122 values as well as necrotic score were significantly lower in the LF-SM and LF-MSC-CM groups compared to sham. LF-SM showed significantly higher level of total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde than that of LF-MSC-CM groups. Sph-MSC-CM not only induced more down-regulated expression of fibrinogen-like protein 1 and receptor interacting protein kinases1 but also led to higher expression level of keratinocyte growth factor. LF-MSC-CM showed less mortality rate compared to other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Hepato-protective potentialities of Sph-MSC-CM are comparable to those of Silymarin. More inhibition of necroptosis/ necrosis and inflammation might result in rapid liver repair in case of MSC-CM administration.