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Amir M, Jeevithan L, Barkat M, Fatima SH, Khan M, Israr S, Naseer F, Fayyaz S, Elango J, Wu W, Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Rahman SU. Advances in Regenerative Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Harnessing Wnt/β-Catenin in Dentin-Pulp Regeneration. Cells 2024; 13:1153. [PMID: 38995004 PMCID: PMC11240772 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dentin pulp has a complex function as a major unit in maintaining the vitality of teeth. In this sense, the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has a vital part in tooth development, maintenance, repair, and regeneration by controlling physiological activities such as growth, differentiation, and migration. This pathway consists of a network of proteins, such as Wnt signaling molecules, which interact with receptors of targeted cells and play a role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. The Wnt signals are specific spatiotemporally, suggesting its intricate mechanism in development, regulation, repair, and regeneration by the formation of tertiary dentin. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in dentin and pulp regeneration, how different proteins, molecules, and ligands influence this pathway, either upregulating or silencing it, and how it may be used in the future for clinical dentistry, in vital pulp therapy as an effective treatment for dental caries, as an alternative approach for root canal therapy, and to provide a path for therapeutic and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Amir
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Lakshmi Jeevithan
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
| | - Maham Barkat
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Habib Fatima
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Malalai Khan
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Israr
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Naseer
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Fayyaz
- Department of Dental Materials Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China (W.W.)
| | - José Eduardo Maté Sánchez de Val
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
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Ciani L, Libonati A, Dri M, Pomella S, Campanella V, Barillari G. About a Possible Impact of Endodontic Infections by Fusobacterium nucleatum or Porphyromonas gingivalis on Oral Carcinogenesis: A Literature Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5083. [PMID: 38791123 PMCID: PMC11121237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this context, Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum and Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, two bacteria that cause periodontitis, are found in OSCC tissues as well as in oral premalignant lesions, where they exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Since the two bacteria are present also in endodontic diseases, playing a role in their pathogenesis, here we analyze the literature searching for information on the impact that endodontic infection by P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum could have on cellular and molecular events involved in oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed papers indicate that infection by P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in dental pulp cells or periodontal cells, affecting the survival, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of OSCC cells. In addition, the two bacteria and the cytokines they induce halt the differentiation and stimulate the proliferation and invasion of stem cells populating the dental pulp or the periodontium. Although most of the literature confutes the possibility that bacteria-induced endodontic inflammatory diseases could impact on oral carcinogenesis, the papers we have analyzed and discussed herein recommend further investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ciani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Libonati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel of Tirane, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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Zhao Y, Song L, Li M, Peng H, Qiu X, Li Y, Zhu B, Liu C, Ren S, Miao L. Injectable CNPs/DMP1-loaded self-assembly hydrogel regulating inflammation of dental pulp stem cells for dentin regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100907. [PMID: 38170028 PMCID: PMC10758968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vital pulp preservation, which is a clinical challenge of aseptic or iatrogenic accidental exposure of the pulp, in cases direct pulp capping is the main technology. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play a critical role in pulp tissue repair, but their differentiative ability could be inhibited by the potential infection and inflammatory response of the exposed pulp. Therefore, inflammatory regulation and differentiated promotion of hDPSCs are both essential for preserving living pulp teeth. In this study, we constructed a functional dental pulp-capping hydrogel by loading cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) into an injectable Fmoc-triphenylalanine hydrogel (Fmoc-phe3 hydrogel) as CNPs/DMP1/Hydrogel for in situ drugs delivery. With a view to long-term storage and release of CNPs (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) to regulate the local inflammatory environment and DMP1 to promote the regeneration of dentin. Results of CCK-8, LDH release, hemolysis, and Live/Dead assessment of cells demonstrated the good biocompatibility of CNPs/DMP1/Hydrogel. The levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, quantification of the mineralized nodules, expressions of osteogenic genes and proteins demonstrated CNPs/DMP1/Hydrogel could protect the activity of hDPSCs' osteogenic/dentinogenic differentiation by reducing the inflammation response via releasing CNPs. The therapy effects were further confirmed in rat models, CNPs/DMP1/Hydrogel reduced the necrosis rate of damaged pulp and promoted injured pulp repair and reparative dentin formation with preserved vital pulps. In summary, the CNPs/DMP1/Hydrogel composite is an up-and-coming pulp-capping material candidate to induce reparative dentin formation, as well as provide a theoretical and experimental basis for developing pulp-capping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lutong Song
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengchen Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Qiu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou L, Zhao S, Xing X. Effects of different signaling pathways on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells: a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1272764. [PMID: 37929208 PMCID: PMC10622672 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and protect the pulp. The differentiation of DPSCs can be influenced by biomaterials or growth factors that activate different signaling pathways in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we summarized six major pathways involved in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, Wnt signaling pathways, Smad signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and Notch signaling pathways. Various factors can influence the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through one or more signaling pathways. By understanding the interactions between these signaling pathways, we can expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianghui Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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