Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Effect of CD10-positive cells on osteogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

OBJECTIVE

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of CD10-positive cells within the maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) on osteogenic differentiation of MBMSCs.

DESIGN

CD10 expression in iliac bone marrow-derived MSCs (IBMSCs), MBMSCs, and gingival fibroblasts was measured using flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of 19 MBMSC lines was evaluated, and based on it, they were classified into osteogenic-High and osteogenic-Low groups. The percentage of CD10-positive cells in each group was compared. Effect of coculturing gingival fibroblasts and CD10-positive cells on the osteogenic potential of MBMSCs was also assessed. Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) in osteogenic-High and osteogenic-Low MBMSCs was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in MBMSCs were investigated.

RESULTS

CD10 was not expressed in IBMSCs, but was highly expressed in fibroblasts. In MBMSCs, the CD10-positivity rate varied considerably between cells. MBMSCs with a high-CD10 positivity rate showed low osteogenic potential. Coculture with fibroblasts or CD10-positive cells reduced the osteogenic potential of MBMSCs. TIMP-1 was highly expressed in CD10-positive cells, and osteogenic-Low MBMSCs showed significantly higher TIMP-1 expression compared with osteogenic-High MBMSCs. β-catenin signaling was suppressed in osteogenic-Low MBMSCs.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that TIMP-1 secreted from CD10-positive cells may be involved in the suppression of the osteogenic potential of MBMSCs by contamination with CD10-positive cells. This finding provides important insights for developing bone regeneration therapies using MBMSCs.

Regenerative Aesthetics: A Genuine Frontier or Just a Facet of Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

Regenerative aesthetics claims to enhance cosmetic outcomes through advanced biological interventions like Stem cell and Exosome therapy, Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), Photobiomodulation, bioactive peptides and treatment for cellular senescence yet lacks substantial scientific and regulatory validation.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the scientific and clinical foundations of regenerative medicine techniques in non-surgical aesthetics and assess the legitimacy of regenerative aesthetics as a medical specialty.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published in the last ten years. We included 19 studies, comprising 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 prospective studies, focusing on interventions that purportedly use regenerative medicine principles in aesthetic applications.

RESULTS

The review highlights a prevalent gap in molecular and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of regenerative aesthetics. Despite the robust design of the included RCTs and prospective studies, there remains a significant lack of consistent, high-quality evidence proving the effectiveness of these interventions. Issues such as inadequate reporting, unclear molecular mechanisms, and absence of long-term safety data were common.

CONCLUSION

The field of regenerative aesthetics lacks the necessary scientific rigour and regulatory compliance to be recognized as a legitimate medical specialty. This review underscores the need for stringent scientific validation and regulatory oversight to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy before these techniques can be recommended for clinical use.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Coenzyme Q10 Protects Against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Osteoporosis by Improving Mitochondrial Function via Modulating miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α Pathway

In hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiate into more adipocytes than osteoblasts, leading to decreased bone formation. It is vital to elucidate the effects of hyperlipidemia on bone metabolism and seek new agents that regulate adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. CoQ10, a rate-limiting coenzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, has been reported to decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by functioning as a mitochondrial antioxidant. However, its effect on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic mechanisms of CoQ10 on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis by using high-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated BMSCs. The serum lipid levels were elevated and bone formation-related markers were decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, which could be reversed by CoQ10. Additionally, PGC-1α protein expression was decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased ATP content and overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could also be antagonized by CoQ10. Furthermore, PGC-1α knockdown in vitro promoted ROS generation, BMSC apoptosis, and adipogenic differentiation while attenuating osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Mechanistically, it suggested that the expression of PGC1-α protein was increased with miR-130b-3p inhibitor treatment in osteoporosis under hyperlipidemia conditions to improve mitochondrial function. Collectively, CoQ10 alleviates hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis in ApoE-/- mice and regulates adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. The possible underlying mechanism may involve the improvement of mitochondrial function by modulating the miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α pathway.