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Wang S, Han L, Ren Y, Hu W, Xie X, Chen H, Tang M. The receptor kinase RiSho1 in Rhizophagus irregularis regulates arbuscule development and drought tolerance during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2207-2222. [PMID: 38481316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
In terrestrial ecosystems, most plant species can form beneficial associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit plant nutrient acquisition and enhance plant tolerance to drought. The high osmolarity glycerol 1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG1-MAPK) cascade genes have been characterized in Rhizophagus irregularis. However, the upstream receptor of the HOG1-MAPK cascade remains to be investigated. We identify the receptor kinase RiSho1 from R. irregularis, containing four transmembrane domains and one Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, corresponding to the homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Higher expression levels of RiSho1 were detected during the in planta phase in response to drought. RiSho1 protein was localized in the plasma membrane of yeast, and interacted with the HOG1-MAPK module RiPbs2 directly by protein-protein interaction. RiSho1 complemented the growth defect of the yeast mutant ∆sho1 under sorbitol conditions. Knock-down of RiSho1 led to the decreased expression of downstream HOG1-MAPK cascade (RiSte11, RiPbs2, RiHog1) and drought-resistant genes (RiAQPs, RiTPSs, RiNTH1 and Ri14-3-3), hampered arbuscule development and decreased plants antioxidation ability under drought stress. Our study reveals the role of RiSho1 in regulating arbuscule development and drought-resistant genes via the HOG1-MAPK cascade. These findings provide new perspectives on the mechanisms by which AM fungi respond to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Yaakoub H, Sanchez NS, Ongay-Larios L, Courdavault V, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Coria R, Papon N. The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in fungi †. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:657-695. [PMID: 34893006 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molecular mechanisms evolved by fungi, the most studied one is the activation of the phosphorelay signalling pathways, of which the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway constitutes one of the key molecular apparatus underpinning fungal adaptation and virulence. In this review, we summarize the seminal knowledge of the HOG pathway with its more recent developments. We specifically described the HOG-mediated stress adaptation, with a particular focus on osmotic and oxidative stress, and point out some lags in our understanding of its involvement in the virulence of pathogenic species including, the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we also highlighted some possible applications of the HOG pathway modifications to improve the fungal-based production of natural products in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Norma Silvia Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Putative Membrane Receptors Contribute to Activation and Efficient Signaling of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades during Adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus to Different Stressors and Carbon Sources. mSphere 2020; 5:5/5/e00818-20. [PMID: 32938702 PMCID: PMC7494837 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00818-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) response pathway is a multifunctional signal transduction pathway that specifically transmits ambient osmotic signals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hog1p has two upstream signaling branches, the sensor histidine kinase Sln1p and the receptor Sho1p. The Sho1p branch includes two other proteins, the Msb2p mucin and Opy2p. Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of pulmonary fungal diseases. Here, we investigated the roles played by A. fumigatus SlnASln1p, ShoASho1p, MsbAMsb2p, and OpyAOpy2p putative homologues during the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) HOG pathway. The shoA, msbA, and opyA singly and doubly null mutants are important for the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, oxidative stress, and virulence as assessed by a Galleria mellonella model. Genetic interactions of ShoA, MsbA, and OpyA are also important for proper activation of the SakAHog1p and MpkASlt2 cascade and the response to osmotic and cell wall stresses. Comparative label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of the singly null mutants with the wild-type strain upon caspofungin exposure indicates that the absence of ShoA, MsbA, and OpyA affects the osmotic stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein degradation. The putative receptor mutants showed altered trehalose and glycogen accumulation, suggesting a role for ShoA, MsbA, and OpyA in sugar storage. Protein kinase A activity was also decreased in these mutants. We also observed genetic interactions between SlnA, ShoA, MsbA, and OpyA, suggesting that both branches are important for activation of the HOG/CWI pathways. Our results help in the understanding of the activation and modulation of the HOG and CWI pathways in this important fungal pathogen.IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus is an important human-pathogenic fungal species that is responsible for a high incidence of infections in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and cell wall integrity pathways are important for the adaptation to different forms of environmental adversity such as osmotic and oxidative stresses, nutrient limitations, high temperatures, and other chemical and mechanical stresses that may be produced by the host immune system and antifungal drugs. Little is known about how these pathways are activated in this fungal pathogen. Here, we characterize four A. fumigatus putative homologues that are important for the activation of the yeast HOG pathway. A. fumigatus SlnASln1p, ShoASho1p, MsbAMsb2p, and OpyAOpy2p are genetically interacting and are essential for the activation of the HOG and cell wall integrity pathways. Our results contribute to the understanding of A. fumigatus adaptation to the host environment.
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Zhao T, Wen Z, Xia Y, Jin K. The transmembrane protein MaSho1 negatively regulates conidial yield by shifting the conidiation pattern in Metarhizium acridum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4005-4015. [PMID: 32170386 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sho1 is an important membrane sensor upstream of the HOG-MAPK signaling pathway, which plays critical roles in osmotic pressure response, growth, and virulence in fungi. Here, a Sho1 homolog (MaSho1), containing four transmembrane domains and one Src homology (SH3) domain, was characterized in Metarhizium acridum, a fungal pathogen of locusts. Targeted gene disruption of MaSho1 impaired cell wall integrity, virulence, and tolerances to UV-B and oxidative stresses, while none of them was affected when the SH3 domain was deleted. Intriguingly, disruption of MaSho1 significantly increased conidial yield, which was not affected in the SH3 domain mutant. Furthermore, it was found that deletion of MaSho1 led to microcycle conidiation of M. acridum on the normal conidiation medium. Deletion of MaSho1 significantly shortened the hyphal cells but had no effect on conidial germination. Digital gene expression profiling during conidiation indicated that differential expression of genes was associated with mycelial development, cell division, and differentiation between the wild type and the MaSho1 mutant. These data suggested that disruption of MaSho1 shifted the conidiation pattern by altering the transcription of genes to inhibit mycelial growth, thereby promoting the conidiation of M. acridum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiong Wen
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Jin
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
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Jia X, Zhang X, Hu Y, Hu M, Han X, Sun Y, Han L. Role of Downregulation and Phosphorylation of Cofilin in Polarized Growth, MpkA Activation and Stress Response of Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2667. [PMID: 30455681 PMCID: PMC6230985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus causes most of aspergillosis in clinic and comprehensive function analysis of its key protein would promote anti-aspergillosis. In a previous study, we speculated actin depolymerizing factor cofilin might be essential for A. fumigatus viability and found its overexpression upregulated oxidative response and cell wall polysaccharide synthesis of this pathogen. Here, we constructed a conditional cofilin mutant to determine the essential role of cofilin. And the role of cofilin downregulation and phosphorylation in A. fumigatus was further analyzed. Cofilin was required for the polarized growth and heat sensitivity of A. fumigatus. Downregulation of cofilin caused hyphal cytoplasmic leakage, increased the sensitivity of A. fumigatus to sodium dodecyl sulfonate but not to calcofluor white and Congo Red and farnesol, and enhanced the basal phosphorylation level of MpkA, suggesting that cofilin affected the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling. Downregulation of cofilin also increased the sensitivity of A. fumigatus to alkaline pH and H2O2. Repressing cofilin expression in A. fumigatus lead to attenuated virulence, which manifested as lower adherence and internalization rates, weaker host inflammatory response and shorter survival rate in a Galleria mellonella model. Expression of non-phosphorylated cofilin with a mutation of S5A had little impacts on A. fumigatus, whereas expression of a mimic-phosphorylated cofilin with a mutation of S5E resulted in inhibited growth, increased phospho-MpkA level, and decreased pathogenicity. In conclusion, cofilin is crucial to modulating the polarized growth, stress response, CWI and virulence of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jia
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China.,Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsong Hu
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Mandong Hu
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
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Role of the small GTPase Rho1 in cell wall integrity, stress response, and pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 120:30-41. [PMID: 30205199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major pathogen of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The small GTPase, Rho1, of A. fumigatus is reported to comprise a potential regulatory subunit of β-1,3-glucan synthase and is indispensable for fungal viability; however, the role of AfRho1 on the growth, cell wall integrity, and pathogenesis of A. fumigatus is still poorly understood. We constructed A. fumigatus mutants with conditional- and overexpression of Rho1 and found that defects of AfRho1 expression led to the reduction of β-1,3-glucan and glucosamine moieties on the cell wall, with down-regulated transcription of genes in the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and a decrease of calcofluor white (CFW)-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MpkA) phosphorylation and cytoplasmic leakage compared to those of the wild-type strain (WT). In addition, down-regulation of AfRho1 expression caused much higher sensitivity of A. fumigatus to H2O2 and alkaline pH compared to that of WT. Decrease of AfRho1 expression also attenuated the A. fumigatus pathogenicity in Galleria mellonella and inhibited conidial internalization into lung epithelial cells and inflammatory factor release. In contrast, overexpression of Rho1 did not alter A. fumigatus morphology, susceptibility to cell wall stresses, or pathogenicity relative to its parental strain. Taken together, our findings support AfRho1 as an essential regulator of the cell wall integrity, stress response, and pathogenesis of A. fumigatus.
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Wang Z, An N, Xu W, Zhang W, Meng X, Chen G, Liu W. Functional characterization of the upstream components of the Hog1-like kinase cascade in hyperosmotic and carbon sensing in Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:97. [PMID: 29636818 PMCID: PMC5883349 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei holds a high capacity for protein secretion and represents the most important cellulase producer in industry. However, the external signal sensing and intracellular signal transduction during cellulose induction remain unclear. As one of the most pervasive signal transduction pathways in all eukaryotic species, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its upstream sensing and signaling components are involved in various physiological processes including stress and nutrient sensing. Particularly, the Hog1-type MAPK Tmk3 has been reported to be involved in the cellulase production in T. reesei. RESULTS Here we established the physiological role of two upstream regulatory branches, the Sho1 branch and the Sln1 branch, of the Hog1-type Tmk3 pathway in T. reesei. Deletion of Trste20 of the Sho1 branch or repression of Trypd1 of the Sln1 branch reduced the resistance to high salt stress, whereas TrSho1 showed an opposing effect to that of TrSte20 and the identified TrSln1 seemed to be dispensable in the osmotic regulation. The Sho1 and Sln1 branches also participated in the cell wall integrity maintenance and other stress responses (i.e. oxidative and thermo stresses). Notably, TrSho1 and TrSte20 of the Sho1 branch and TrYpd1 of the Sln1 branch were shown to be differentially involved in the cellulase production of T. reesei. Repression of Trypd1 hardly affected cellulase induction, whereas overexpression of Trypd1 resulted in the reduced production of cellulases. Contrary to the case of Trypd1, repression of Trsho1 or deletion of Trste20 significantly reduced the transcription of cellulase genes. CONCLUSIONS TrSho1 and TrSte20 of the Sho1 branch and TrYpd1 of the Sln1 branch are all involved in general stress responses including hyperosmotic regulation and cell wall integrity maintenance. Moreover, our study revealed that the Sho1 and Sln1 osmosensing pathways are differentially involved in the regulation of cellulase production in T. reesei. The Sho1 branch positively regulated the production of cellulases and the transcription of cellulase genes while TrYpd1 of the Sln1 branch negatively controlled the cellulase production, supporting the crosstalks of osmosensing and nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Alves de Castro P, dos Reis TF, Dolan SK, Manfiolli AO, Brown NA, Jones GW, Doyle S, Riaño-Pachón DM, Squina FM, Caldana C, Singh A, Del Poeta M, Hagiwara D, Silva-Rocha R, Goldman GH. The Aspergillus fumigatus SchA SCH9 kinase modulates SakA HOG1 MAP kinase activity and it is essential for virulence. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:642-671. [PMID: 27538790 PMCID: PMC5207228 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase TOR, the Target of Rapamycin, is an important regulator of nutrient, energy and stress signaling in eukaryotes. Sch9, a Ser/Thr kinase of AGC family (the cAMP-dependent PKA, cGMP- dependent protein kinase G and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C family), is a substrate of TOR. Here, we characterized the fungal opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus Sch9 homologue (SchA). The schA null mutant was sensitive to rapamycin, high concentrations of calcium, hyperosmotic stress and SchA was involved in iron metabolism. The ΔschA null mutant showed increased phosphorylation of SakA, the A. fumigatus Hog1 homologue. The schA null mutant has increased and decreased trehalose and glycerol accumulation, respectively, suggesting SchA performs different roles for glycerol and trehalose accumulation during osmotic stress. The schA was transcriptionally regulated by osmotic stress and this response was dependent on SakA and MpkC. The double ΔschA ΔsakA and ΔschA ΔmpkC mutants were more sensitive to osmotic stress than the corresponding parental strains. Transcriptomics and proteomics identified direct and indirect targets of SchA post-exposure to hyperosmotic stress. Finally, ΔschA was avirulent in a low dose murine infection model. Our results suggest there is a complex network of interactions amongst the A. fumigatus TOR, SakA and SchA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaila Fernanda dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stephen K. Dolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Adriana Oliveira Manfiolli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Neil Andrew Brown
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Gary W. Jones
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Diego M. Riaño-Pachón
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Fábio Márcio Squina
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brasil
- Max Planck Partner Group at Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rafael Silva-Rocha
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Perez-Nadales E, Di Pietro A. The transmembrane protein Sho1 cooperates with the mucin Msb2 to regulate invasive growth and plant infection in Fusarium oxysporum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:593-603. [PMID: 25382187 PMCID: PMC6638380 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fmk1 is essential for plant infection. The mucin-like membrane protein Msb2 regulates a subset of Fmk1-dependent functions. Here, we examined the role of the tetraspan transmembrane protein Sho1 as an additional regulator of the Fmk1 pathway and determined its genetic interaction with Msb2. Targeted Δsho1 mutants were generated in wild-type and Δmsb2 backgrounds to test possible interactions between the two genes. The mutants were examined for hyphal growth under different stress conditions, phosphorylation of the MAPK Fmk1 and an array of Fmk1-dependent virulence functions. Similar to Msb2, Sho1 was required for the activation of Fmk1 phosphorylation, as well as Fmk1-dependent gene expression and invasive growth functions, including extracellular pectinolytic activity, cellophane penetration, plant tissue colonization and virulence on tomato plants. Δsho1 mutants were hypersensitive to the cell wall-perturbing compound Calcofluor White, and this phenotype was exacerbated in the Δmsb2 Δsho1 double mutant. These results highlight that Sho1 and Msb2 have partially overlapping functions upstream of the Fmk1 MAPK cascade, to promote invasive growth and plant infection, as well as cell wall integrity, in F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perez-Nadales
- Departamento de Genética and Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética and Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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10
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Osmosensing and osmoregulation in unicellular eukaryotes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:435-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Current understanding of HOG-MAPK pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus. Mycopathologia 2012; 175:13-23. [PMID: 23161019 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lethal systemic invasive aspergillosis. It must be able to adapt to stress in the microenvironment during host invasion and systemic spread. The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a key element that controls adaptation to environmental stress. It plays a critical role in the virulence of several fungal pathogens. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the functions of different components of the HOG-MAPK pathway in A. fumigatus through mutant analysis or inferences from the genome annotation, focusing on their roles in adaptation to stress, regulation of infection-related morphogenesis, and effect on virulence. We also briefly compare the functions of the HOG pathway in A. fumigatus with those in the model fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans as well as several other human and plant pathogens including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Magnaporthe oryzae. The genes described in this review mainly include tcsB, fos1, skn7, sho1, pbs2, and sakA whose deletion mutants have already been established in A. fumigatus. Among them, fos1 has been considered a virulence factor in A. fumigatus, indicating that components of the HOG pathway may be suitable as targets for developing new fungicides. However, quite a few of the genes of this pathway, such as sskA (ssk1), sskB, steC, and downstream regulator genes, are not well characterized. System biology approaches may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of HOG pathway functions with dynamic details.
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Ji Y, Yang F, Ma D, Zhang J, Wan Z, Liu W, Li R. HOG-MAPK signaling regulates the adaptive responses of Aspergillus fumigatus to thermal stress and other related stress. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:273-82. [PMID: 22678624 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is naturally exposed to a highly variable environment and subjected to various kinds of stresses. High-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG-MAPK) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to environmental changes. Here, we explored the contribution of HOG-MAPK pathway to the adaptive responses to thermal stress and other related stresses in A. fumigatus. We observed the phenotype features of wild-type strains and their derived mutants at 37 and 48 °C, and the results suggested that tcsB participates in response to high temperature. Furthermore, susceptibility test for antifungal drugs showed that SHO1 branch is probably involved in the susceptibility of A. fumigatus to itraconazole at high temperature. Although sakA expression at mRNA level appeared unchanged in wild-type AF293 subjected to thermal stress, phosphorylated SakAp level increased significantly in the strains exposed to cold stress, 250 mmol/L nystatin or 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide in a manner dependent on the SLN1 branch and independent on the SHO1 branch. Taken together, these results indicate that HOG-MAPK pathway, especially the SLN1 branch, plays an important role in the adaptations of A. fumigatus to thermal stress and other related stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Ji
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xi-Shi-Ku St., Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
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