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Fernandez NB, Cáceres DH, Serrano JA, Bonifaz A, Canteros CE, Suarez-Alvarez R, Oliveira RMZ, Cognialli RCR, de Macedo PM, Gomez BL, Tobon AM, Taborda C, Chiller T, Brunelli JGP, Smith DJ, de Melo Teixeira M, Queiroz-Telles F, Garcia-Effron G, Ardizzoli K, Negroni R, Giusiano G. Proceedings of the second international meeting on endemic mycoses of the Americas (IMEMA) and first international symposium on implantation mycoses (ISIM). Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae054. [PMID: 38744661 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The second international meeting on endemic mycoses of the Americas (IMEMA) and the first international symposium on implantation mycoses (ISIM) took place in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, on September 25-27, 2023. The conference provided a platform for researchers, clinicians, and experts to discuss the latest developments in the field of endemic and implantation mycoses. Topics included epidemiology, diagnostic advances, treatment strategies, and the impact of environmental factors on the spread of these fungal diseases. IMEMA and ISIM contributed to the regional discourse on the mycoses, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in addressing these public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Fernandez
- Sección Micologia, División de Infectología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Micología Clínica. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Cáceres
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Julian A Serrano
- Sección Micología, Laboratorio Central, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Cristina E Canteros
- Departamento Micología, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Suarez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Colecciones de Cultivos Microbianos del INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosely Maria Zancope Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz L Gomez
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Angela M Tobon
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tom Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | | | - Dallas J Smith
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | | | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Effron
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular - Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología - Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Ardizzoli
- Sector Micología, Servicio de Laboratorio, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Dr. R. Rossi, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Micología Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Negroni
- Adviser of Mycology Unit, Francisco J. Muñiz Hospital, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Resistencia, Argentina
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Viale MN, Caceres DH, Mansilla PE, Lopez-Joffre MC, Vivot FG, Motter AN, Toranzo AI, Canteros CE. Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Anti- Coccidioides Antibodies in Human Sera-Argentina. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:322. [PMID: 38786677 PMCID: PMC11122317 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiomycosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection endemic to certain regions of Argentina. The infection is caused by Coccidioides spp. and is primarily diagnosed by Coccidioides antibody (Ab) detection. Access to rapid, highly accurate diagnostic testing is critical to ensure prompt antifungal therapy. The sōna Coccidioides Ab Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) performs faster and requires less laboratory infrastructure and equipment compared with other Ab detection assays, potentially providing a substantial improvement for rapid case screening in coccidioidomycosis-endemic regions; however, validation of this test is needed. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the sōna Coccidioides Ab (LFA) and compare agreement with anti-Coccidioides Ab detection assays. A total of 103 human sera specimens were tested, including 25 specimens from patients with coccidioidomycosis and 78 from patients without coccidioidomycosis. The sōna Coccidioides Ab Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) was performed with a sensitivity of 88%, and specificity and accuracy of 87%. Furthermore, the Coccidioides Ab LFA had good agreement with other anti-Coccidioides Ab detection assays. Our findings suggest the sōna Coccidioides Ab LFA has satisfactory performance and may be useful for diagnosing coccidioidomycosis in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N. Viale
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina; (M.C.L.-J.); (F.G.V.); (A.I.T.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Diego H. Caceres
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
- Immuno-Mycologics Inc. (IMMY), Norman, OK 73069, USA
| | - Patricia E. Mansilla
- Hospital Interzonal San Juan Bautista, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca 4700, Argentina;
| | - María C. Lopez-Joffre
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina; (M.C.L.-J.); (F.G.V.); (A.I.T.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Flavia G. Vivot
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina; (M.C.L.-J.); (F.G.V.); (A.I.T.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Andrea N. Motter
- Unidad Operativa Centro de Contención Biológica, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina;
| | - Adriana I. Toranzo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina; (M.C.L.-J.); (F.G.V.); (A.I.T.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Cristina E. Canteros
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1282, Argentina; (M.C.L.-J.); (F.G.V.); (A.I.T.); (C.E.C.)
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Douglas AP, Stewart AG, Halliday CL, Chen SCA. Outbreaks of Fungal Infections in Hospitals: Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1059. [PMID: 37998865 PMCID: PMC10672668 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial clusters of fungal infections, whilst uncommon, cannot be predicted and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we review reports of nosocomial outbreaks of invasive fungal disease to glean insight into their epidemiology, risks for infection, methods employed in outbreak detection including genomic testing to confirm the outbreak, and approaches to clinical and infection control management. Both yeasts and filamentous fungi cause outbreaks, with each having general and specific risks. The early detection and confirmation of the outbreak are essential for diagnosis, treatment of affected patients, and termination of the outbreak. Environmental sampling, including the air in mould outbreaks, for the pathogen may be indicated. The genetic analysis of epidemiologically linked isolates is strongly recommended through a sufficiently discriminatory approach such as whole genome sequencing or a method that is acceptably discriminatory for that pathogen. An analysis of both linked isolates and epidemiologically unrelated strains is required to enable genetic similarity comparisons. The management of the outbreak encompasses input from a multi-disciplinary team with epidemiological investigation and infection control measures, including screening for additional cases, patient cohorting, and strict hygiene and cleaning procedures. Automated methods for fungal infection surveillance would greatly aid earlier outbreak detection and should be a focus of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby P. Douglas
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Adam G. Stewart
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Catriona L. Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (C.L.H.); (S.C.-A.C.)
| | - Sharon C.-A. Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (C.L.H.); (S.C.-A.C.)
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Caceres DH, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Whitaker M, Jackson BR, Kim L, Surie D, Cikesh B, Lindsley MD, McCotter OZ, Berkow EL, Toda M. Fungal Pathogens as Causes of Acute Respiratory Illness in Hospitalized Veterans: Frequency of Fungal Positive Test Results Using Rapid Immunodiagnostic Assays. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040456. [PMID: 37108910 PMCID: PMC10145596 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal respiratory illnesses caused by endemic mycoses can be nonspecific and are often mistaken for viral or bacterial infections. We performed fungal testing on serum specimens from patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) to assess the possible role of endemic fungi as etiologic agents. Patients hospitalized with ARI at a Veterans Affairs hospital in Houston, Texas, during November 2016-August 2017 were enrolled. Epidemiologic and clinical data, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples for viral testing (PCR), and serum specimens were collected at admission. We retrospectively tested remnant sera from a subset of patients with negative initial viral testing using immunoassays for the detection of Coccidioides and Histoplasma antibodies (Ab) and Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Histoplasma antigens (Ag). Of 224 patient serum specimens tested, 49 (22%) had positive results for fungal pathogens, including 30 (13%) by Coccidioides immunodiagnostic assays, 19 (8%) by Histoplasma immunodiagnostic assays, 2 (1%) by Aspergillus Ag, and none by Cryptococcus Ag testing. A high proportion of veterans hospitalized with ARI had positive serological results for fungal pathogens, primarily endemic mycoses, which cause fungal pneumonia. The high proportion of Coccidioides positivity is unexpected as this fungus is not thought to be common in southeastern Texas or metropolitan Houston, though is known to be endemic in southwestern Texas. Although serological testing suffers from low specificity, these results suggest that these fungi may be more common causes of ARI in southeast Texas than commonly appreciated and more increased clinical evaluation may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Caceres
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
| | | | - Michael Whitaker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Brendan R Jackson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Lindsay Kim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Diya Surie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bryanna Cikesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mark D Lindsley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Orion Z McCotter
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Berkow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mitsuru Toda
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Uroro EO, Bright R, Hayles A, Vasilev K. Lipase-Responsive Amphotericin B Loaded PCL Nanoparticles for Antifungal Therapies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:155. [PMID: 36616065 PMCID: PMC9823996 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, its clinical use is limited due to its serious side effects, such as renal and cardiovascular toxicity. Furthermore, amphotericin B is administered in high doses due to its poor water solubility. Hence, it is necessary to develop an on-demand release strategy for the delivery of amphotericin B to reduce cytotoxicity. The present report describes a novel encapsulation of amphotericin B into lipase-sensitive polycaprolactone to form a nanocomposite. Nanocomposites were produced by the oil-in-water method and their physicochemical properties such as size, hydrodynamic diameter, drug loading, and zeta potential were determined. The in vitro release of amphotericin B was characterized in the presence and absence of lipase. The antifungal activity of the nanocomposites was verified against lipase-secreting Candida albicans, and cytotoxicity was tested against primary human dermal fibroblasts. In the absence of lipase, the release of amphotericin B from the nanocomposites was minimal. However, in the presence of lipase, an enzyme that is abundant at infection sites, a fungicidal concentration of amphotericin B was released from the nanocomposites. The antifungal activity of the nanocomposites showed an enhanced effect against the lipase-secreting fungus, Candida albicans, in comparison to the free drug at the same concentration. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation significantly reduced amphotericin B-related cytotoxicity compared to the free drug. The synthesized nanocomposites can serve as a potent carrier for the responsive delivery of amphotericin B in antifungal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Bright
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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