1
|
Latronico T, Rossano R, Miniero DV, Casalino E, Liuzzi GM. Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol against Manganese-Induced Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in an "In Vivo" Model of Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2142. [PMID: 38396818 PMCID: PMC10888573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) leads to its accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurotoxicity with not well-known mechanisms. We investigated the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in Mn neurotoxicity in an in vivo model of rats treated through an intraperitoneal injection, for 4 weeks, with 50 mg/kg of MnCl2 in the presence or in the absence of 30 mg/kg of resveratrol (RSV). A loss of weight was observed in Mn-treated rats compared with untreated and RSV-treated rats. A progressive recovery of body weight was detected in rats co-treated with Mn and RSV. The analysis of brain homogenates indicated that RSV counteracted the Mn-induced increase in MMP-9 levels and reactive oxygen species production as well as the Mn-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content. In conclusion, Mn exposure, resulting in MMP-9 induction with mechanisms related to oxidative stress, represents a risk factor for the development of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (G.M.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (G.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim F, Nomier MA, Sabik LME, Shaheen MA. Manganese-induced neurotoxicity and the potential protective effects of lipoic acid and Spirulina platensis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:497-507. [PMID: 32441205 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1771803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for many physiological processes; however, its excessive accumulation in the brain causes severe dysfunctions in the nervous system. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of Mn and the potential protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Spirulina platensis (SP), each alone and in combination. Sixty-four male albino rats were divided into eight equal groups: group 1 was used as control, group 2 received saline, which used as a vehicle, group 3 received ALA (50 mg/kg/day), group 4 received SP (300 mg/kg/day), group 5 received Mn (74 mg/kg, 5 days/week), group 6 received Mn + ALA, group 7 received Mn + SP, group 8 received Mn + ALA + SP. Groups 6, 7 and 8 received the same previously mentioned doses. All treatments were orally gavaged for 8 weeks. Mn administration caused neurobehavioral changes, increases of brain and serum Mn and malondialdehyde (MDA), with decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), dopamine and acetylcholine levels. The co-treatment with ALA and SP revealed their ability to protect against oxidative damage, neurobehavioral and biochemical changes induced by Mn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Nomier
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Laila M E Sabik
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ou CY, He YH, Sun Y, Yang L, Shi WX, Li SJ. Effects of Sub-Acute Manganese Exposure on Thyroid Hormone and Glutamine (Gln)/Glutamate (Glu)-γ- Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Cycle in Serum of Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122157. [PMID: 31216744 PMCID: PMC6616488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure may adversely affect the central nervous system, and cause an extrapyramidal disorder known as manganism. The glutamine (Gln)/glutamate (Glu)-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cycle and thyroid hormone system may be involved in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. However, the effect of Mn on the Gln/Glu-GABA cycle in the serum has not been reported. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-acute Mn exposure on the Gln/Glu-GABA cycle and thyroid hormones levels in the serum of rats, as well as their relationship. The results showed that sub-acute Mn exposure increased serum Mn levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.733. Furthermore, interruption of the Glu/Gln-GABA cycle in serum was found in Mn-exposed rats, as well as thyroid hormone disorder in the serum via increasing serum Glu levels, and decreasing serum Gln, GABA, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels. Additionally, results of partial correlation showed that there was a close relationship between serum Mn levels and the detected indicators accompanied with a positive association between GABA and T3 levels, as well as Gln and T4 levels in the serum of Mn-exposed rats. Unexpectedly, there was no significant correlation between serum Glu and the serum T3 and T4 levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that both the Glu/Gln-GABA cycle and thyroid hormone system in the serum may play a potential role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Thyroid hormone levels, T3 and T4, have a closer relationship with GABA and Gln levels, respectively, in the serum of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yong-Hua He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Xiang Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Foster ML, Bartnikas TB, Johnson LC, Herrera C, Pettiglio MA, Keene AM, Taylor MD, Dorman DC. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the equivalency of gavage, dietary, and drinking water exposure to manganese in F344 rats. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:244-51. [PMID: 25724921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns exist as to whether individuals may be at greater risk for neurotoxicity following increased manganese (Mn) oral intake. The goals of this study were to determine the equivalence of 3 methods of oral exposure and the rate (mg Mn/kg/day) of exposure. Adult male rats were allocated to control diet (10 ppm), high manganese diet (200 ppm), manganese-supplemented drinking water, and manganese gavage treatment groups. Animals in the drinking water and gavage groups were given the 10 ppm manganese diet and supplemented with manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) in drinking water or once-daily gavage to provide a daily manganese intake equivalent to that seen in the high-manganese diet group. No statistically significant difference in body weight gain or terminal body weights was seen. Rats were anesthetized following 7 and 61 exposure days, and samples of bile and blood were collected. Rats were then euthanized and striatum, olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, cerebellum, liver, spleen, and femur samples were collected for chemical analysis. Hematocrit was unaffected by manganese exposure. Liver and bile manganese concentrations were elevated in all treatment groups on day 61 (relative to controls). Increased cerebellum manganese concentrations were seen in animals from the high-manganese diet group (day 61, relative to controls). Increased (relative to all treatment groups) femur, striatum, cerebellum, frontal cortex, and olfactory bulb manganese concentrations were also seen following gavage suggesting that dose rate is an important factor in the pharmacokinetics of oral manganese. These data will be used to refine physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, extending their utility for manganese risk assessment by including multiple dietary exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Foster
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Laura C Johnson
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Michael A Pettiglio
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Athena M Keene
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - David C Dorman
- *North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Rm. 522, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA, Afton Chemical Corporation, 500 Spring Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240 Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi S, Zhao J, Yang L, Nie X, Han J, Ma X, Wan C, Jiang J. KHSRP participates in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:454-65. [PMID: 25027559 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient. However, exposure to high doses of Mn may lead to a neurological disease known as manganism, which is characterized by marked brain neuronal loss. K-homology splicing regulator protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein and has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular signaling associated with neuronal apoptosis and survival, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In the present study, the role of KHSRP in Mn-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in vivo using a rat model of chronic Mn exposure and in vitro using differentiated PC12 cell cultures. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed a significant upregulation of KHSRP in rat striatum following Mn exposure. Immunofluorescent labeling indicated that KHSRP was localized mainly in neurons. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that KHSRP was mainly distributed in apoptotic neurons. Increased KHSRP expression was positively correlated with the upregulation of several apoptosis-related proteins, such as p53, bax, and active caspase-3. In addition, significant co-localization of KHSRP and active caspase-3 in neurons after Mn exposure was also observed, suggesting a potential involvement of KHSRP in the regulation of Mn-induced striatal neuronal apoptosis. Importantly, interference with KHSRP apparently decreased the level of p53 and attenuated Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that upregulation of KHSRP may be involved in the pathological process underlying Mn neurotoxicity via the modulation of p53 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangshi Shi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang J, Shi S, Zhou Q, Ma X, Nie X, Yang L, Han J, Xu G, Wan C. Downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:783-94. [PMID: 24464479 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. However, exposure to excessive Mn may cause neurodegenerative disorders called manganism. Accumulating evidence indicated that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was tightly associated with the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. The present study investigates the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a remarkable downregulation of p-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin in rat striatum after Mn exposure. TUNEL assay revealed significant neuronal apoptosis following treatment with 25 mg/kg Mn. Immunofluorescent staining showed that β-catenin was expressed predominantly in neurons, and colocalization of β-catenin and active caspase-3 was observed after Mn exposure. Furthermore, Mn exposure resulted in PC12 cells apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced levels of cellular β-catenin and p-GSK-3β. Accordingly, the mRNA level of the prosurvival factor survivin, a downstream target gene of β-catenin, was synchronously decreased. More importantly, blockage of GSK-3β activity with the GSK-3β inhibitor lithium chloride could attenuate Mn-induced downregulation of β-catenin and survivin as well as neuronal apoptosis. Overall, the present study demonstrates that downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be of vital importance in the neuropathological process of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cordova FM, Aguiar AS, Peres TV, Lopes MW, Gonçalves FM, Pedro DZ, Lopes SC, Pilati C, Prediger RDS, Farina M, Erikson KM, Aschner M, Leal RB. Manganese-exposed developing rats display motor deficits and striatal oxidative stress that are reversed by Trolox. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1231-44. [PMID: 23385959 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While manganese (Mn) is essential for proper central nervous system (CNS) development, excessive Mn exposure may lead to neurotoxicity. Mn preferentially accumulates in the basal ganglia, and in adults it may cause Parkinson's disease-like disorder. Compared to adults, younger individuals accumulate greater Mn levels in the CNS and are more vulnerable to its toxicity. Moreover, the mechanisms mediating developmental Mn-induced neurotoxicity are not completely understood. The present study investigated the developmental neurotoxicity elicited by Mn exposure (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) from postnatal day 8 to PN27 in rats. Neurochemical analyses were carried out on PN29, with a particular focus on striatal alterations in intracellular signaling pathways (MAPKs, Akt and DARPP-32), oxidative stress generation and cell death. Motor alterations were evaluated later in life at 3, 4 or 5 weeks of age. Mn exposure (20 mg/kg) increased p38(MAPK) and Akt phosphorylation, but decreased DARPP-32-Thr-34 phosphorylation. Mn (10 and 20 mg/kg) increased caspase activity and F2-isoprostane production (a biological marker of lipid peroxidation). Paralleling the changes in striatal biochemical parameters, Mn (20 mg/kg) also caused motor impairment, evidenced by increased falling latency in the rotarod test, decreased distance traveled and motor speed in the open-field test. Notably, the antioxidant Trolox™ reversed the Mn (20 mg/kg)-dependent augmentation in p38(MAPK) phosphorylation and reduced the Mn (20 mg/kg)-induced caspase activity and F2-isoprostane production. Trolox™ also reversed the Mn-induced motor coordination deficits. These findings are the first to show that long-term exposure to Mn during a critical period of neurodevelopment causes motor coordination dysfunction with parallel increment in oxidative stress markers, p38(MAPK) phosphorylation and caspase activity in the striatum. Moreover, we establish Trolox™ as a potential neuroprotective agent given its efficacy in reversing the Mn-induced neurodevelopmental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano M Cordova
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blecharz-Klin K, Piechal A, Joniec-Maciejak I, Pyrzanowska J, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Effect of intranasal manganese administration on neurotransmission and spatial learning in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:1-9. [PMID: 23022103 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of intranasal manganese chloride (MnCl(2)·4H(2)O) exposure on spatial learning, memory and motor activity was estimated in Morris water maze task in adult rats. Three-month-old male Wistar rats received for 2weeks MnCl(2)·4H(2)O at two doses the following: 0.2mg/kg b.w. (Mn0.2) or 0.8mg/kg b.w. (Mn0.8) per day. Control (Con) and manganese-exposed groups were observed for behavioral performance and learning in water maze. ANOVA for repeated measurements did not show any significant differences in acquisition in the water maze between the groups. However, the results of the probe trial on day 5, exhibited spatial memory deficits following manganese treatment. After completion of the behavioral experiment, the regional brain concentrations of neurotransmitters and their metabolites were determined via HPLC in selected brain regions, i.e. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in the content of monoamines and metabolites between the treatment groups compared to the controls. Negative correlations between platform crossings on the previous platform position in Southeast (SE) quadrant during the probe trial and neurotransmitter turnover suggest that impairment of spatial memory and cognitive performance after manganese (Mn) treatment is associated with modulation of the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. These findings show that intranasally applied Mn can impair spatial memory with significant changes in the tissue level and metabolism of monoamines in several brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cordova FM, Aguiar AS, Peres TV, Lopes MW, Gonçalves FM, Remor AP, Lopes SC, Pilati C, Latini AS, Prediger RDS, Erikson KM, Aschner M, Leal RB. In vivo manganese exposure modulates Erk, Akt and Darpp-32 in the striatum of developing rats, and impairs their motor function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33057. [PMID: 22427945 PMCID: PMC3302787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for development and metabolism. However, exposures to high Mn levels may be toxic, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotoxicity is commonly due to occupational or environmental exposures leading to Mn accumulation in the basal ganglia and a Parkinsonian-like disorder. Younger individuals are more susceptible to Mn toxicity. Moreover, early exposure may represent a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases later in life. The present study was undertaken to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity in an in vivo model of immature rats exposed to Mn (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) from postnatal day 8 (PN8) to PN12. Neurochemical analysis was carried out on PN14. We focused on striatal alterations in intracellular signaling pathways, oxidative stress and cell death. Moreover, motor alterations as a result of early Mn exposure (PN8-12) were evaluated later in life at 3-, 4- and 5-weeks-of-age. Mn altered in a dose-dependent manner the activity of key cell signaling elements. Specifically, Mn increased the phosphorylation of DARPP-32-Thr-34, ERK1/2 and AKT. Additionally, Mn increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase activity, and altered mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II activities. Mn (10 and 20 mg/kg) also impaired motor coordination in the 3rd, 4th and 5th week of life. Trolox™, an antioxidant, reversed several of the Mn altered parameters, including the increased ROS production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, Trolox™ failed to reverse the Mn (20 mg/kg)-induced increase in AKT phosphorylation and motor deficits. Additionally, Mn (20 mg/kg) decreased the distance, speed and grooming frequency in an open field test; Trolox™ blocked only the decrease of grooming frequency. Taken together, these results establish that short-term exposure to Mn during a specific developmental window (PN8-12) induces metabolic and neurochemical alterations in the striatum that may modulate later-life behavioral changes. Furthermore, some of the molecular and behavioral events, which are perturbed by early Mn exposure are not directly related to the production of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano M. Cordova
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Centro de Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Aderbal S. Aguiar
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tanara V. Peres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mark W. Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe M. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aline P. Remor
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Samantha C. Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Célso Pilati
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Alexandra S. Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui D. S. Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Keith M. Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo B. Leal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|