1
|
Wang H, Borlongan M, Hemminki A, Basnet S, Sah N, Kaufman HL, Rabkin SD, Saha D. Viral Vectors Expressing Interleukin 2 for Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:878-895. [PMID: 37578106 PMCID: PMC10623065 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) plays a crucial role in T cell growth and survival, enhancing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer and cytotoxic T cells and thus functioning as a versatile master proinflammatory anticancer cytokine. The FDA has approved IL-2 cytokine therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, IL-2 therapy has significant constraints, including a short serum half-life, low tumor accumulation, and life-threatening toxicities associated with high doses. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer a promising option for cancer immunotherapy, selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the successful delivery of IL-2 to the tumor microenvironment without compromising safety using OVs such as vaccinia, Sendai, parvo, Newcastle disease, tanapox, and adenoviruses. Additionally, by engineering OVs to coexpress IL-2 with other anticancer transgenes, the immune properties of IL-2 can be further enhanced. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising antitumor effects of IL-2-expressing viral vectors, either alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of IL-2-expressing viral vectors and their antitumor mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, California, USA
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Mia Borlongan
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naresh Sah
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Howard L. Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ankyra Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koulouris A, Tsagkaris C, Nikolaou M. Real Impact of Novel Immunotherapy Drugs in Cancer. The Experience of 10 Last Years. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:149. [PMID: 33672017 PMCID: PMC7919369 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense research on immunotherapy has been conducted during recent years. As advances in the field have started changing the landscape of cancer therapy, it is necessary to assess the impact of immunotherapeutic modalities in the treatment of various cancers. Ten years ago, in 2011, ipilimumab was the first of the newest immunotherapeutic drugs against cancer to be approved by the FDA. Then several drugs followed and formed a therapeutic arsenal to fight cancer. Initial studies were performed on metastatic patients, but there are currently several studies in patients with potentially curable cancers. All these developments have created a new environment for oncology which we will present in this article. This review examines the current evidence related to the impact of immunotherapy on various cancers and discusses its potential clinical and research implications, including its effectiveness in comparison to other treatment modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), its toxicity and prospective research opportunities. While constant updates and further research is critical to understand the impact of immunotherapy in cancer therapy, not only does it seem to be important to assess the current state of knowledge highlighting the success but also to determine the challenging aspects of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koulouris
- Department of Medical Oncology University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | | | - Michail Nikolaou
- 1st Oncology Department, “Saint Savas” Anticancer—Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sugii N, Matsuda M, Okumura G, Shibuya A, Ishikawa E, Kaneda Y, Matsumura A. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope containing programmed cell death-ligand 1 siRNA inhibits immunosuppressive activities and elicits antitumor immune responses in glioma. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:81-90. [PMID: 33155337 PMCID: PMC7780057 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway is involved in preventing immune system‐mediated destruction of malignant tumors including glioblastoma. However, the therapeutic influence of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibition alone in glioblastoma is limited. To develop effective combination therapy involving PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibition, we used a non‐replicating virus‐derived vector, hemagglutinating virus of Japan‐envelope (HVJ‐E), to inhibit tumor cell PD‐L1 expression by delivering siRNA targeting PD‐L1. HVJ‐E is a promising vector for efficient delivery of enclosed substances to the target cells. Moreover, HVJ‐E provokes robust antitumoral immunity by activating natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and by suppressing regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). We hypothesized that we could efficiently deliver PD‐L1‐inhibiting siRNAs to tumor cells using HVJ‐E, and that synergistic activation of antitumoral immunity would occur due to the immunostimulating effects of HVJ‐E and PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibition. We used artificially induced murine glioma stem‐like cells, TS, to create mouse (C57BL/6N) glioblastoma models. Intratumoral injection of HVJ‐E containing siRNA targeting PD‐L1 (siPDL1/HVJ‐E) suppressed the expression of tumor cell PD‐L1 and significantly suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous models and prolonged overall survival in brain tumor models. Flow cytometric analyses of brain tumor models showed that the proportions of brain‐infiltrating CTL and NK cells were significantly increased after giving siPDL1/HVJ‐E; in contrast, the rate of Treg/CD4+ cells was significantly decreased in HVJ‐E‐treated tumors. CD8 depletion abrogated the therapeutic effect of siPDL1/HVJ‐E, indicating that CD8+ T lymphocytes mainly mediated this therapeutic effect. We believe that this non‐replicating immunovirotherapy may be a novel therapeutic alternative to treat patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narushi Sugii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Majors of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahide Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Genki Okumura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Majors of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiyohara E, Tanemura A, Nishioka M, Yamada M, Tanaka A, Yokomi A, Saito A, Sakura K, Nakajima T, Myoui A, Sakurai T, Kawakami Y, Kaneda Y, Katayama I. Intratumoral injection of hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope vector yielded an antitumor effect for advanced melanoma: a phase I/IIa clinical study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1131-1140. [PMID: 32047956 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ; Sendai virus) is an RNA virus that has cell fusion activity. HVJ-envelope (HVJ-E) is a UV-irradiated HVJ particle that loses viral replication and protein synthesis activity but retains cell fusion activity. We recently reported that HVJ-E has antitumor effects on several types of tumors. Here, we describe the results of a first-in-human phase I/IIa study in patients with advanced melanoma, receiving intratumoral administration of HVJ-E. The primary aim was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of HVJ-E, and the secondary aim was to examine the objective tumor response and antitumor immunity. Six patients with stage IIIC or IV progressive malignant melanoma with skin or lymph metastasis were enrolled. Patients were separated into two groups (n = 3 each) and received low and high doses of HVJ-E. Five of the six patients completed 4 weeks of follow-up evaluation; one patient discontinued treatment owing to progressive disease. Complete or partial responses were observed in 3 of 6 (50%) injected target lesions, 7 of 15 (47%) noninjected target lesions, and 10 of 21 (48%) target lesions. Induction of antitumor immunity was observed: activation of natural killer cells, a marked increase in interferon-γ levels in the peripheral blood, and infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into both injected and noninjected tumor lesions. Thus, intratumoral injection of HVJ-E in advanced melanoma patients showed safety and tolerability with local regression of the tumor mediated by antitumor immunity. The results suggest that HVJ-E might be a new treatment approach in patients with advanced melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kiyohara
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Megumi Nishioka
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mizuho Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Yokomi
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Saito
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakura
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Akira Myoui
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8583, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8583, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majzoub K, Wrensch F, Baumert TF. The Innate Antiviral Response in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective from Flagellates to Humans. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080758. [PMID: 31426357 PMCID: PMC6723221 DOI: 10.3390/v11080758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells have evolved dedicated molecular systems for sensing and delivering a coordinated response to viral threats. Our understanding of these pathways is almost entirely defined by studies in humans or model organisms like mice, fruit flies and worms. However, new genomic and functional data from organisms such as sponges, anemones and mollusks are helping redefine our understanding of these immune systems and their evolution. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of the innate immune pathways involved in sensing, signaling and inducing genes to counter viral infections in vertebrate animals. We will then focus on some central conserved players of this response including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and cGAS-STING, attempting to put their evolution into perspective. To conclude, we will reflect on the arms race that exists between viruses and their animal hosts, illustrated by the dynamic evolution and diversification of innate immune pathways. These concepts are not only important to understand virus-host interactions in general but may also be relevant for the development of novel curative approaches against human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Majzoub
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cytoplasmic calcium increase via fusion with inactivated Sendai virus induces apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells by downregulation of c-Myc oncogene. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36034-36048. [PMID: 27145280 PMCID: PMC5094981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the emergence of drug resistance is a major limitation of current treatments for multiple myeloma (MM), it is necessary to continuously develop novel anticancer strategies. Here, using an inactivated Sendai virus (Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan; HVJ) envelope (HVJ-E), we discovered that increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by virus-cell fusion significantly induced apoptosis against human MM cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Interaction of F protein of HVJ-E with MM cells increased intracellular Ca2+ level of MMs by the induction of Ca2+ efflux from endoplasmic reticulum but not influx from extracellular region. The elevation of the Ca2+ cytoplasmic level induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus, and SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD4 complex suppressed c-Myc transcription. Meanwhile, HVJ-E decreases S62 phosphorylation of c-Myc and promotes c-Myc protein degradation. Thus, HVJ-E-induced cell death of MM resulted from suppression of c-Myc by both destabilization of c-Myc protein and downregulation of c-Myc transcription. This study indicates that HVJ-E will be a promising tool for MM therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li K, Qu S, Chen X, Wu Q, Shi M. Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E404. [PMID: 28216575 PMCID: PMC5343938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Shuai Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Many drugs have been developed and optimized for the treatment of cancer; however, it is difficult to completely cure cancer with anticancer drugs alone. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic technologies, in addition to new anticancer drugs, is necessary for more effective oncotherapy. Oncolytic viruses are one potential new anticancer strategy. Various oncolytic viruses have been developed for safe and effective oncotherapy. Recently, Sendai virus-based oncotherapy has been reported by several groups, and attention has been drawn to its unique anticancer mechanisms, which are different from those of the conventional oncolytic viruses that kill cancer cells by cancer cell-selective replication. Here, we introduce Sendai virus-based virotherapy and its anticancer mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Saga
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Q, Zhu H, Xu X, Li L, Tan H, Cai X. Inactivated Sendai virus induces apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:64-70. [PMID: 26235873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated Sendai virus (HVJ-E) has shown potential anticancer efficacy in various cancer cells. However, the ability of HVJ-E to regulate cancer cell survival and death remains largely unknown. In the present study we first found that HVJ-E exhibited cytotoxic effects in the non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) line A549 and cisplatin-resistant A549 cells (A549/DDP). The suppression of cell viability was due to both the activation of caspases and the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in A549 and A549/DDP human lung cancer cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HVJ-E could induce autophagy in NSCLC cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway for the first time. Inhibiting autophagy in A549/DDP cells and inducing autophagy in A549 cells enhanced HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. These findings provide a molecular basis of HVJ-E-mediated cell death and support the notion that combination treatment with autophagy modulators is an effective strategy to augment the cytotoxic effects of HVJ-E in NSCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huixia Zhu
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xu
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiming Tan
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyao Cai
- Comparative Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Virosome presents multimodel cancer therapy without viral replication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:764706. [PMID: 24369016 PMCID: PMC3866828 DOI: 10.1155/2013/764706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A virosome is an artificial envelope that includes viral surface proteins and lacks the ability to produce progeny virus. Virosomes are able to introduce an encapsulated macromolecule into the cytoplasm of cells using their viral envelope fusion ability. Moreover, virus-derived factors have an adjuvant effect for immune stimulation. Therefore, many virosomes have been utilized as drug delivery vectors and adjuvants for cancer therapy. This paper introduces the application of virosomes for cancer treatment. In Particular, we focus on virosomes derived from the influenza and Sendai viruses which have been widely used for cancer therapy. Influenza virosomes have been mainly applied as drug delivery vectors and adjuvants. By contrast, the Sendai virosomes have been mainly applied as anticancer immune activators and apoptosis inducers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Takehara Y, Satoh T, Nishizawa A, Saeki K, Nakamura M, Masuzawa M, Kaneda Y, Katayama I, Yokozeki H. Anti-tumor effects of inactivated Sendai virus particles with an IL-2 gene on angiosarcoma. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:1-10. [PMID: 23886549 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a life-threatening tumor that is resistant to conventional therapies. The therapeutic effects of Sendai virus particles (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope: HVJ-E) carrying IL-2 gene (HVJ-E/IL-2) were examined in a mouse model of angiosarcoma. Intra-tumoral injection of HVJ-E/IL-2 effectively inhibited the growth of angiosarcoma cells (ISOS-1) inoculated in mice and improved tumor-free rates. HVJ-E/IL-2 stimulated local accumulation of CD8 (+) T cells and NK cells and reduced regulatory T cells in regional lymph nodes. Notably, the prevalence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells was lower in HVJ-E/IL-2-treated mice than in HVJ-E-treated mice. HVJ-E/IL-2 treatment promoted IFN-γ production from CD8 (+) T cells in response to tumor cells, more significantly than HVJ-E treatment. Greatly improved tumor-free rates were obtained when sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered in combination with HVJ-E/IL-2. Immunogene therapy with HVJ-E/IL-2 with or without sunitinib could be a promising therapeutic option for cutaneous angiosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaneda Y. Virosome: a novel vector to enable multi-modal strategies for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:730-8. [PMID: 21443915 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in treatments, cancer remains a life-threatening disease that is resistant to therapy. Single-modal cancer therapy is often insufficient to provide complete remission. A revolution in cancer therapy may someday be provided by vector-based gene and drug delivery systems. However, it remains difficult to achieve this aim because viral and non-viral vectors have their own advantages and limitations. To overcome these limitations, virosomes have been constructed by combining viral components with non-viral vectors or by using pseudovirions without viral genome replication. Viruses, such as influenza virus, HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; Sendai virus) and hepatitis B virus, have been used in the construction of virosomes. The HVJ-derived vector is particularly promising due to its highly efficient delivery of DNA, siRNA, proteins and anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, the HVJ envelope (HVJ-E) vector has intrinsic anti-tumor activities including the activation of multiple anti-tumor immunities and the induction of cancer-selective apoptosis. HVJ-E is currently being clinically used for the treatment of melanoma. A promising multi-modal cancer therapy will be achieved when virosomes with intrinsic anti-tumor activities are utilized as vectors for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs and genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
HMGA1 expression in human gliomas and its correlation with tumor proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:543-9. [PMID: 21984063 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein is an architectural transcription factor widely expressed during embryonic development and tumor progression. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of HMGA1 in malignant gliomas with different WHO classification and to study the correlation of HMGA1 expression with tumor proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Expression of HMGA1, Ki-67, MMP-9, VEGF-A, and MVD in malignant gliomas and their correlation were studied in 60 samples of different WHO classification by use of immunohistochemistry, and in 27 randomly selected samples by use of real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry results showed that nuclear immunostaining of HMGA1 protein was not observed in normal brain tissues but was observed in 96.7% (58 of 60) of malignant gliomas including high (+++) in 15 (25.0%), moderate (++) in 28 (46.7%), and negligible to low (0-+) in 17 (28.3%) samples. Expression of HMGA1 protein was significantly higher in glioblastoma multiforme than in WHO grade II (P = 0.002) and WHO grade III gliomas (P = 0.024). HMGA1 protein expression correlated significantly with expression of Ki-67 (r = 0.530, P = 0.000), MMP-9 (r = 0.508, P = 0.000), VEGF-A (r = 0.316, P = 0.014), and MVD (r = 0.321, P = 0.012), but not with sex (r = 0.087, P = 0.510) and age (r = -0.121, P = 0.358). Real-time quantitative PCR results, also, were indicative of HMGA1 overexpression in glioblastoma multiforme compared with WHO grade II (P = 0.043) and WHO grade III (P = 0.031) gliomas. HMGA1 gene expression correlated significantly with gene expression of Ki-67 (r = 0.429, P = 0.025), MMP-9 (r = 0.443, P = 0.024), and VEGF-A (r = 0.409, P = 0.034). These results indicated that expression of HMGA1 correlates significantly with malignancy, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gliomas. We conclude that HMGA1 may be a potential biomarker and rational therapeutic target for human tumors.
Collapse
|