1
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Yuen CA, Pekmezci M, Bao S, Kong XT. Metastatic glioblastoma to the lungs: a case report and literature review. CNS Oncol 2024; 13:2351789. [PMID: 38864820 PMCID: PMC11172249 DOI: 10.1080/20450907.2024.2351789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite its infiltrative nature, extra-cranial glioblastoma metastases are rare. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with metastatic glioblastoma in the lungs. Sarcomatous histology, a reported risk factor for disseminated disease, was found. Genomic alterations of TP53 mutation, TERT mutation, PTEN mutation, and +7/-10 were also uncovered. Early evidence suggests these molecular aberrations are common in metastatic glioblastoma. Treatment with third-line lenvatinib resulted in a mixed response. This case contributes to the growing body of evidence for the role of genomic alterations in predictive risk in metastatic glioblastoma. There remains an unmet need for treatment of metastatic glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlen A Yuen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA92868, USA
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143, USA
| | - Silin Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurosciences, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA93721, USA
| | - Xiao-Tang Kong
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA92868, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Yuan F, Qi Y, Liu B, Chen Q. Circulating Tumor Cells for Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:607150. [PMID: 33777749 PMCID: PMC7987781 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.607150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has entered clinical applications for several cancers, including metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer for CTC enumeration and NSCLC for EGFR mutations in ctDNA, and has improved the individualized treatment of many cancers, but relatively little progress has been made in validating circulating biomarkers for brain malignancies. So far, data on circulating tumor cells about glioma are limited, the application of circulating tumor cells as biomarker for glioma patients has only just begun. This article reviews the research status and application prospects of circulating tumor cells in gliomas. Several detection methods and research results of circulating tumor cells about clinical research in gliomas are briefly discussed. The wide application prospect of circulating tumor cells in glioma deserves further exploration, and the research on more sensitive and convenient detection methods is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanen Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Signaling Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:129-149. [PMID: 32034712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness is a critical challenge in the clinical management of glioma patients. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that current therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, can enhance glioma invasiveness. Glioma cell invasion is stimulated by both autocrine and paracrine factors that act on a large array of cell surface-bound receptors. Key signaling elements that mediate receptor-initiated signaling in the regulation of glioblastoma invasion are Rho family GTPases, including Rac, RhoA and Cdc42. These GTPases regulate cell morphology and actin dynamics and stimulate cell squeezing through the narrow extracellular spaces that are typical of the brain parenchyma. Transient attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is also necessary for glioblastoma cell invasion. Interactions with extracellular matrix components are mediated by integrins that initiate diverse intracellular signalling pathways. Key signaling elements stimulated by integrins include PI3K, Akt, mTOR and MAP kinases. In order to detach from the tumor mass, glioma cells secrete proteolytic enzymes that cleave cell surface adhesion molecules, including CD44 and L1. Key proteases produced by glioma cells include uPA, ADAMs and MMPs. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control glioma cell invasion has led to the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in this devastating disease.
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4
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Shimizu H, Motomura K, Ohka F, Aoki K, Tanahashi K, Hirano M, Chalise L, Nishikawa T, Yamaguchi J, Wakabayashi T, Natsume A. Multiple metastases to the bone and bone marrow from a 1p/19q-codeleted and IDH2-mutant anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a case report and literature review. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa101. [PMID: 33005899 PMCID: PMC7513887 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Motomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tanahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lushun Chalise
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohide Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junya Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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López F, Rodrigo JP, Silver CE, Haigentz M, Bishop JA, Strojan P, Hartl DM, Bradley PJ, Mendenhall WM, Suárez C, Takes RP, Hamoir M, Robbins KT, Shaha AR, Werner JA, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Cervical lymph node metastases from remote primary tumor sites. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E2374-85. [PMID: 26713674 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most malignant lymphadenopathy in the neck represent lymphomas or metastases from head and neck primary tumors, occasionally, metastatic disease from remote, usually infraclavicular, sites presents as cervical lymphadenopathy with or without an obvious primary tumor. In general, these tumors metastasize to supraclavicular lymph nodes, but occasionally may present at an isolated higher neck level. A search for the primary tumor includes information gained by histology, immunohistochemistry, and evaluation of molecular markers that may be unique to the primary tumor site. In addition, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglocose positron emission tomography combined with CT (FDG-PET/CT) has greatly improved the ability to detect the location of an unknown primary tumor, particularly when in a remote location. Although cervical metastatic disease from a remote primary site is often incurable, there are situations in which meaningful survival can be achieved with appropriate local treatment. Management is quite complex and requires a truly multidisciplinary approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2374-E2385, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,University of Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,University of Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carl E Silver
- Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Missak Haigentz
- Departments of Medicine (Oncology) and Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Departments of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dana M Hartl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Phonétique et de Phonologie, Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France
| | - Patrick J Bradley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlos Suárez
- University of Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hamoir
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Oncology Program, St Luc University Hospital and Cancer Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Thomas Robbins
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Ashok R Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jochen A Werner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group
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6
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Extraneural metastases in glioblastoma patients: two cases with YKL-40-positive glioblastomas and a meta-analysis of the literature. Neurosurg Rev 2015. [PMID: 26212701 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-015-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) are high-grade gliomas that severely impact on overall survival (OS). GBM cell motility and the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier could favor GBM cell communication with the systemic circulation. In spite of this, extracranial GBM metastases are rare. Here, we describe two YKL-40-positive GBM patients with extra-CNS (central nervous system) metastases, and we present a meta-analysis of 94 cases. The analysis concluded that extra-CNS metastases occurred 8.5 months after first GBM diagnosis and OS was 12 months; surgical GBM excision was associated at a longer interval to extra-CNS metastasis than biopsy only, and even longer if followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Both our case reports were adult males who developed extra-CNS, YKL-40-positive metastases at lymph nodes, lung and subcutaneous sites, after 86 and 24 months from initial diagnosis of GBM. At first GBM local recurrence, they were treated with bevacizumab (BV), an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. They died after 4 and 1 month from the occurrence of metastases. Both cases expressed YKL-40 and lacked EGFR amplification, suggesting a mesenchymal phenotype, and maintained such profile at extra-CNS recurrence; they did not show MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1/2 mutations, or c-Met upregulation. Our two cases and the meta-analysis support the idea that prolonged survival of GBM patients increases the probability of GBM cells shedding to lymphatic and hematic system. Interestingly, the present two cases showed the features of mesenchymal profile, usually related with worst prognosis that was maintained in extracranial metastases.
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7
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Awan M, Liu S, Sahgal A, Das S, Chao ST, Chang EL, Knisely JPS, Redmond K, Sohn JW, Machtay M, Sloan AE, Mansur DB, Rogers LR, Lo SS. Extra-CNS metastasis from glioblastoma: a rare clinical entity. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:545-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1028374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Ray A, Manjila S, Hdeib AM, Radhakrishnan A, Nock CJ, Cohen ML, Sloan AE. Extracranial metastasis of gliobastoma: Three illustrative cases and current review of the molecular pathology and management strategies. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:479-486. [PMID: 26137254 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, accounting for ~12-15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Despite advances in surgical, medical and radiation therapies, the mortality of GBM remains high, with a median survival ranging between 40 and 70 weeks. Similar to other primary brain tumors, the extracranial metastasis of GBM is extremely rare, occurring in <2% of patients. To demonstrate the clinical characteristics of this rare tumor, we herein present three cases of extracranial GBM metastasis: One to the lungs, which represents the longest reported survival of lung metastases from GBM to date; the second to the soft tissue of the posterior neck; and the third to the lumbar intradural space. Unlike tumors elsewhere, there are unique barriers in the brain that prevent the hematogenous and lymphatic spread of intracranial tumors, such as the dura mater and the thickened basement membrane of the blood vessels. In addition, central nervous system tumor cells lack extracellular matrix proteins required to invade surrounding connective tissue, a prerequisite for tumor dissemination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the different possible mechanisms underlying the extracranial metastasis of GBM and determine the biomolecular and genetic characteristics differentiating GBMs that metastasize from those that do not. We also reviewed the role of systemic chemotherapy and bevacizumab in the treatment of disseminated GBMs. Early identification and differentiation of these tumors may enable patients to benefit from surgical resection, radiation and combination chemotherapy prior to developing other comorbidities from metastatic disease, which may translate into prolonged survival with an acceptable quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ray
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sunil Manjila
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alia M Hdeib
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Archana Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Nock
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark L Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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9
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Kros JM, Mustafa DM, Dekker LJM, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Luider TM, Zheng PP. Circulating glioma biomarkers. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:343-60. [PMID: 25253418 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Validated biomarkers for patients suffering from gliomas are urgently needed for standardizing measurements of the effects of treatment in daily clinical practice and trials. Circulating body fluids offer easily accessible sources for such markers. This review highlights various categories of tumor-associated circulating biomarkers identified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioma patients, including circulating tumor cells, exosomes, nucleic acids, proteins, and oncometabolites. The validation and potential clinical utility of these biomarkers is briefly discussed. Although many candidate circulating protein biomarkers were reported, none of these have reached the required validation to be introduced for clinical practice. Recent developments in tracing circulating tumor cells and their derivatives as exosomes and circulating nuclear acids may become more successful in providing useful biomarkers. It is to be expected that current technical developments will contribute to the finding and validation of circulating biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Dana M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Lennard J M Dekker
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Peter A E Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Ping-Pin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
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10
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Godoy P, Mello S, Magalhães D, Donaires F, Nicolucci P, Donadi E, Passos G, Sakamoto-Hojo E. Ionizing radiation-induced gene expression changes in TP53 proficient and deficient glioblastoma cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 756:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Signaling determinants of glioma cell invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 986:121-41. [PMID: 22879067 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4719-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness is a critical challenge in the clinical management of glioma patients. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that current therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, can enhance glioma invasiveness. Glioma cell invasion is stimulated by both autocrine and paracrine factors that act on a large array of cell surface-bound receptors. Key signaling elements that mediate receptor-initiated signaling in the regulation of glioblastoma invasion are Rho family GTPases, including Rac, RhoA and Cdc42. These GTPases regulate cell morphology and actin dynamics and stimulate cell squeezing through the narrow extracellular spaces that are typical of the brain parenchyma. Transient attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is also necessary for glioblastoma cell invasion. Interactions with extracellular matrix components are mediated by integrins that initiate diverse intracellular signalling pathways. Key signaling elements stimulated by integrins include PI3K, Akt, mTOR and MAP kinases. In order to detach from the tumor mass, glioma cells secrete proteolytic enzymes that cleave cell surface adhesion molecules, including CD44 and L1. Key proteases produced by glioma cells include uPA, ADAMs and MMPs. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control glioma cell invasion has led to the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in this devastating disease.
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12
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Tempero MA, Arnoletti JP, Behrman SW, Ben-Josef E, Benson AB, Casper ES, Cohen SJ, Czito B, Ellenhorn JDI, Hawkins WG, Herman J, Hoffman JP, Ko A, Komanduri S, Koong A, Ma WW, Malafa MP, Merchant NB, Mulvihill SJ, Muscarella P, Nakakura EK, Obando J, Pitman MB, Sasson AR, Tally A, Thayer SP, Whiting S, Wolff RA, Wolpin BM, Freedman-Cass DA, Shead DA. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, version 2.2012: featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2012; 32:e80-4. [PMID: 22679115 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.48.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma discuss the workup and management of tumors of the exocrine pancreas. These NCCN Guidelines Insights provide a summary and explanation of major changes to the 2012 NCCN Guidelines for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. The panel made 3 significant updates to the guidelines: 1) more detail was added regarding multiphase CT techniques for diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer, and pancreas protocol MRI was added as an emerging alternative to CT; 2) the use of a fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin (e.g., 5-FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin or capecitabine/oxaliplatin) was added as an acceptable chemotherapy combination for patients with advanced or metastatic disease and good performance status as a category 2B recommendation; and 3) the panel developed new recommendations concerning surgical technique and pathologic analysis and reporting.
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13
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Röthlisberger A, Lehmbecker A, Beineke A, Mischke R, Dziallas P, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tipold A. Suspected primary glioblastoma multiforme in the canine spinal cord. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:604-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Röthlisberger
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Buenteweg 9; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | | | | | - R. Mischke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Buenteweg 9; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - P. Dziallas
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Buenteweg 9; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | | | - A. Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Buenteweg 9; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
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14
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Schönsteiner SS, Bommer M, Haenle MM, Klaus B, Scheuerle A, Schmid M, Mayer-Steinacker R. Rare phenomenon: liver metastases from glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e668-71. [PMID: 21670450 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.35.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Beauchesne P. Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality? Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:461-77. [PMID: 24212625 PMCID: PMC3756372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas account for approximately 60% of all primary brain tumors in adults. Prognosis for these patients has not significantly changed in recent years-despite debulking surgery, radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy-with a median survival of 9-12 months. Virtually no patients are cured of their illness. Malignant gliomas are usually locally invasive tumors, though extra-neural metastases can sometimes occur late in the course of the disease (median of two years). They generally appear after craniotomy although spontaneous metastases have also been reported. The incidence of these metastases from primary intra-cranial malignant gliomas is low; it is estimated at less than 2% of all cases. Extra-neural metastases from gliomas frequently occur late in the course of the disease (median of two years), and generally appear after craniotomy, but spontaneous metastases have also been reported. Malignant glioma metastases usually involve the regional lymph nodes, lungs and pleural cavity, and occasionally the bone and liver. In this review, we present three cases of extra-neural metastasis of malignant gliomas from our department, summarize the main reported cases in literature, and try to understand the mechanisms underlying these systemic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Beauchesne
- Neuro-Oncology, CHU de NANCY, Hôpital Central, CO n°34, 54035 Nancy Cedex, France.
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