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Mozihim AK, Chung I, Said NABM, Jamil AHA. Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Gynaecological Cancers: Is There a Role for Oestradiol? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040350. [PMID: 35448537 PMCID: PMC9031151 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynaecological cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to sustain the production of energy and macromolecules required for cell growth, division and survival. Emerging evidence has provided significant insights into the integral role of fatty acids on tumourigenesis, but the metabolic role of high endogenous oestrogen levels and increased gynaecological cancer risks, notably in obesity, is less understood. This is becoming a renewed research interest, given the recently established association between obesity and incidence of many gynaecological cancers, including breast, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers. This review article, hence, comprehensively discusses how FA metabolism is altered in these gynaecological cancers, highlighting the emerging role of oestradiol on the actions of key regulatory enzymes of lipid metabolism, either directly through its classical ER pathways, or indirectly via the IGIFR pathway. Given the dramatic rise in obesity and parallel increase in the prevalence of gynaecological cancers among premenopausal women, further clarifications of the complex mechanisms underpinning gynaecological cancers are needed to inform future prevention efforts. Hence, in our review, we also highlight opportunities where metabolic dependencies can be exploited as viable therapeutic targets for these hormone-responsive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azilleo Kristo Mozihim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (N.A.B.M.S.)
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Akmarina B. M. Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (N.A.B.M.S.)
| | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.K.M.); (N.A.B.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-7967-4909
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Haslund-Vinding J, Møller JR, Ziebell M, Vilhardt F, Mathiesen T. The role of systemic inflammatory cells in meningiomas. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:1205-1215. [PMID: 34716512 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the inflammatory systemic cell infiltrate and its role in pathophysiology and prognostic implications of meningiomas. Articles from PubMed describing inflammation and immune cells in meningioma were systematically selected and reviewed. Infiltrating inflammatory cells are common in meningiomas and correlate with tumor behavior and peritumoral edema. The immune cell infiltrate mainly comprised macrophages, CD4 + T cells of the Th1 and Th2 subtype, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, mast cells, and to a lesser degree B cells. The polarization of macrophages to M1 or M2 states, as well as the differentiation of T-helper cells to Th1 or Th2 subsets, is of prognostic value, but whether or not the presence of macrophages is associated with the degree of malignancy of the tumor is controversial. The best documented immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting mechanism is the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1/PD-1L) which is found on both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The immune cell infiltration varies between different meningiomas. It contributes to a microenvironment with potential contradictory effects on tumor growth and edema. The immune mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets provided that their effects can be comprehensively understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Haslund-Vinding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Riis Møller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ziebell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiit Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Song LR, Li D, Weng JC, Li CB, Wang L, Wu Z, Zhang JT. MicroRNA-195 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Directly Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase in Malignant Meningioma. World Neurosurg 2020; 136:e355-e364. [PMID: 31927122 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningiomas are among the most common primary intracranial tumors. Up to 20% of cases will show increased malignancy at histological examination (World Health Organization grade II or III). Effective pharmacotherapy, except for radiotherapy, is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of malignant meningioma to provide more treatment strategies. METHODS RNA sequencing and micro-RNA (miRNA) microarray detection were applied to identify differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs in benign and malignant meningioma. The miRDB and TargetScan databases were used to predict the potential interaction between miRNAs and mRNAs. A proliferation assay was used to evaluate the cell growth. A wound healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to assess the cell migration and invasion abilities, respectively. The interaction between miRNA and mRNA was identified using a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly upregulated in malignant meningioma compared with benign meningioma. Knockdown of FASN significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of IOMM-Lee cells. Moreover, miR-195 was verified to directly target FASN using a luciferase reporter assay. Upregulation of miR-195 also significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of IOMM-Lee cells. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics analysis to predict the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and found that NUP210, SPIRE2, SLC7A1, and DMTN might function as ceRNAs of FASN by sponging miR-195 in meningioma. CONCLUSIONS Our results have suggested a tumor suppressive role for miR-195 in the tumorigenesis and progression of malignant meningioma by targeting FASN. In addition, NUP210, SPIRE2, SLC7A1, and DMTN might act as ceRNAs to regulate FASN expression by sponging miR-195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Rong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Cong Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Bei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neuro-Oncology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
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SHIBUYA M. Pathology and molecular genetics of meningioma: recent advances. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014; 55:14-27. [PMID: 25744347 PMCID: PMC4533397 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial primary neoplasm in adults. Although the spectrum of clinical and molecular genetic issues regarding meningiomas remains undefined, novel genetic alterations that are associated with tumor morphology, malignancy, or location have recently been discovered. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of the heterogenous pathology of meningiomas, particularly on associations between the clinical, histological, etiological, epidemiological, and molecular genetical aspects of the neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto SHIBUYA
- Central Laboratory, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo
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Wakamiya T, Suzuki SO, Hamasaki H, Honda H, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Iwaki T. Elevated expression of fatty acid synthase and nuclear localization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C are common among human gliomas. Neuropathology 2014; 34:465-74. [PMID: 24984811 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a brain-specific isoform of the CPT1 family, are upregulated in certain types of cancers, including gliomas. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis, and its phosphorylated form inhibits lipid synthesis. We examined the expression and subcellular localization of these fatty acid metabolism-related molecules in human gliomas. We performed immunostaining of two glioma cell lines (U373MG and U87MG) and 41 surgical specimens of diffuse gliomas with various histological grades (21 with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) R132H mutation and 20 without the mutation). In the cultured glioma cells, CPT1C and phosphorylated ACC (p-ACC) were mainly localized to the nuclei, whereas FASN localized to the cytoplasm. In the surgical specimens, most glioma tissues showed nuclear staining for CPT1C and p-ACC, and cytoplasmic staining for FASN, regardless of the genetic status of IDH1 and the histological grade. Therefore, elevated cytoplasmic expression of FASN and nuclear localization of CPT1C are common among human diffuse gliomas, which may be regulated by the differential phosphorylation status of ACC in the cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomihiro Wakamiya
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Grube S, Dünisch P, Freitag D, Klausnitzer M, Sakr Y, Walter J, Kalff R, Ewald C. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase in human gliomas correlates with the WHO tumor grade and inhibition with Orlistat reduces cell viability and triggers apoptosis. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:277-287. [PMID: 24789255 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), catalyzing the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, is known to be deregulated in several cancers. Inhibition of this enzyme reduces tumor cell proliferation. Unfortunately, adverse effects and chemical instability prevent the in vivo use of the best-known inhibitors, Cerulenin and C75. Orlistat, a drug used for obesity treatment, is also considered as a potential FASN inhibitor, but its impact on glioma cell biology has not yet been described. In this study, we analyzed FASN expression in human glioma samples and primary glioblastoma cell cultures and the effects of FASN inhibition with Orlistat, Cerulenin and C75. Immunohistochemistry followed by densitometric analysis of 20 glioma samples revealed overexpression of FASN that correlated with the WHO tumor grade. Treatment of glioblastoma cells with these inhibitors resulted in a significant, dose-dependent reduction in tumor cell viability and fatty acid synthesis. Compared to Cerulenin and C75, Orlistat was a more potent inhibitor in cell cultures and cell lines. In LN229, cell-growth was reduced by 63.9 ± 8.7 % after 48 h and 200 µM Orlistat compared to controls; in LT68, the reduction in cell growth was 76.3 ± 23.7 %. Nuclear fragmentation assay and Western blotting analysis after targeting FASN with Orlistat demonstrated autophagy and apoptosis. Organotypic slice cultures treated with Orlistat showed reduced proliferation after Ki67 staining and increased caspase-3 cleavage. Our results suggest that FASN may be a therapeutic target in malignant gliomas and identify Orlistat as a possible anti-tumor drug in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grube
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Pedro Dünisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Freitag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Maren Klausnitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Yasser Sakr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Kalff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Ewald
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Hitchler MJ, Domann FE. Redox regulation of the epigenetic landscape in cancer: a role for metabolic reprogramming in remodeling the epigenome. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2178-87. [PMID: 23022407 PMCID: PMC3508253 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer arises from normal cells that acquire a series of molecular changes; however, the founding events that create the clonogens from which a tumor will arise and progress have been the subject of speculation. Through the efforts of several generations of cancer biologists it has been established that the malignant phenotype is an amalgamation of genetic and metabolic alterations. Numerous theories have suggested that either, or both, of these elements might serve as the impetus for cancer formation. Recently, the epigenetic origins of cancer have been suggested as an additional mechanism giving rise to the malignant phenotype. When the discovery that the enzymes responsible for initiating and perpetuating epigenetic events is linked to metabolism by their cofactors, a new paradigm for the origins of cancer can be created. Here, we summarize the foundation of such a paradigm on the origins of cancer, in which metabolic alterations create an epigenetic progenitor that clonally expands to become cancer. We suggest that metabolic alterations disrupt the production and availability of cofactors such as S-adenosylmethionine, α-ketoglutarate, NAD(+), and acetyl-CoA to modify the epigenotype of cells. We further speculate that redox biology can change epigenetic events through oxidation of enzymes and alterations in metabolic cofactors that affect epigenetic events such as DNA methylation. Combined, these metabolic and redox changes serve as the foundation for altering the epigenotype of normal cells and creating the epigenetic progenitor of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center 4950 Sunset Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Address correspondence to ; Tel: 319-335-8019; Fax: 319-335-8039
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Usefulness of immunohistochemical expression analysis of metabolic-related molecules to differentiate between intracranial neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 30:144-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-012-0120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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