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Xia W, Huang J, Sun C, Shen F, Yang K. MicroRNA‑1224 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating CBX3 expression in chordoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:262. [PMID: 38646496 PMCID: PMC11027112 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have abnormal expression in numerous tumors and are closely related to tumor development and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, there are few studies assessing the role and mechanism of miRNA in chordoma. The sequencing data of three pairs of chordoma and notochord tissues from the GSE56183 dataset were analyzed in the present study. Cell proliferation was assessed in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8. Bioinformatics analysis and the dual luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluate the regulatory relationship between miR-1224 and chromobox 3 (CBX3) in chordoma. The results demonstrated that miR-1224 had a significantly lower expression level in chordoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-1224 inhibited proliferation in the chordoma cells, while the knockdown of miR-1224 promoted proliferation of the chordoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis and the dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CBX3 was a direct target gene of miR-1224 and that miR-1224 induced the proliferation of chordoma cells through the inhibition of CBX3. In summary, miR-1224 reduced the proliferation of chordoma cells through inhibition of CBX3, which provides a theoretical basis for selecting a novel therapeutic target for chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Jihe Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
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2
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Hoch CC, Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Schmidl B, Trill A, Douglas JE, Adappa ND, Stögbauer F, Wollenberg B. Integrated Molecular and Histological Insights for Targeted Therapies in Mesenchymal Sinonasal Tract Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:272-291. [PMID: 38376625 PMCID: PMC10920452 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mesenchymal sinonasal tract tumors (STTs), a distinct subset of STTs. Despite their rarity, mesenchymal STTs represent a unique clinical challenge, characterized by their rarity, often slow progression, and frequently subtle or overlooked symptoms. The complex anatomy of the sinonasal area, which includes critical structures such as the orbit, brain, and cranial nerves, further complicates surgical treatment options. This underscores an urgent need for more advanced and specialized therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Advancements in molecular diagnostics, particularly in next-generation sequencing, have significantly enhanced our understanding of STTs. Consequently, the World Health Organization has updated its tumor classification to better reflect the distinct histological and molecular profiles of these tumors, as well as to categorize mesenchymal STTs with greater accuracy. The growing understanding of the molecular characteristics of mesenchymal STTs opens new possibilities for targeted therapeutic interventions, marking a significant shift in treatment paradigms. This review article concentrates on mesenchymal STTs, specifically addressing sinonasal tract angiofibroma, sinonasal glomangiopericytoma, biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, and skull base chordoma. These entities are marked by unique histopathological and molecular features, which challenge conventional treatment approaches and simultaneously open avenues for novel targeted therapies. Our discussion is geared towards delineating the molecular underpinnings of mesenchymal STTs, with the objective of enhancing therapeutic strategies and addressing the existing shortcomings in the management of these intricate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmidl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anskar Trill
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Douglas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Liu J, Qi Y, Hou S, Zhang S, Wang Z. Linc01116 Silencing Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion, Promotes Apoptosis of Chordoma Cells via Regulating the Expression of Mir-9-5p/PKG1. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1056-1071. [PMID: 37489776 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230719121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1116 (LINC01116) plays a carcinogenic role in a variety of cancers. The study aims to investigate the roles of LINC01116 and hsa-miR-9-5p (miR-9-5p) and fathom their interaction in chordoma. METHODS The predicted binding sites between miR-9-5p with LINC01116 and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) by starBase were confirmed through dual-luciferase reporter assay. The behaviors of chordoma cells undergoing transfection with siLINC01116 or miR-9-5p inhibitor were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. The glucose consumption, lactate production, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production of chordoma cells were examined with specific kits. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine relevant gene expressions in chordoma cells. RESULTS Silencing of LINC01116 facilitated the apoptosis and expressions of Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase-3 (C caspase-3) and miR-9-5p while repressing the cell cycle, viability, proliferation, invasion, glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP production, and expressions of PGK1 and Bcl-2. Meanwhile, LINC01116 sponged miR-9-5p, which could target PGK1. Moreover, the miR-9-5p inhibitor acted contrarily and reversed the role of siLINC01116 in chordoma cells. Besides, LINC01116 downregulation facilitated apoptosis and attenuated the proliferation and invasion of chordoma cells as well as PGK1 expression by upregulating miR-9-5p expression. CONCLUSION LINC01116/miR-9-5p plays a regulatory role in the progression of chordoma cells and is a potential biomarker for chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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Noya C, D’Alessandris QG, Doglietto F, Pallini R, Rigante M, Mattogno PP, Gessi M, Montano N, Parrilla C, Galli J, Olivi A, Lauretti L. Treatment of Clival Chordomas: A 20-Year Experience and Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4493. [PMID: 37760463 PMCID: PMC10527079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clival chordomas are rare but aggressive skull base tumors that pose significant treatment challenges and portend dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to highlight the advantages and limitations of available treatments, to furnish prognostic indicators, and to shed light on novel therapeutic strategies. We conducted a retrospective study of clival chordomas that were surgically treated at our institution from 2003 to 2022; for comparison purposes, we provided a systematic review of published surgical series and, finally, we reviewed the most recent advancements in molecular research. A total of 42 patients underwent 85 surgeries; median follow-up was 15.8 years, overall survival rate was 49.9% at 10 years; meanwhile, progression-free survival was 26.6% at 10 years. A significantly improved survival was observed in younger patients (<50 years), in tumors with Ki67 ≤ 5% and when adjuvant radiotherapy was performed. To conclude, clival chordomas are aggressive tumors in which surgery and radiotherapy play a fundamental role while molecular targeted drugs still have an ancillary position. Recognizing risk factors for recurrence and performing a molecular characterization of more aggressive lesions may be the key to future effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noya
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
| | - Quintino Giorgio D’Alessandris
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pallini
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
| | - Mario Rigante
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Pier Paolo Mattogno
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Gessi
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Parrilla
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Jacopo Galli
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (Q.G.D.); (F.D.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (A.O.)
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Xu G, Liu J, He J, He H, Su X, Gui Q. LOC554202 contributes to chordoma progression by sponging miR-377-3p and up-regulating SMAD3. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:15-28. [PMID: 36206143 PMCID: PMC9760475 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor originating from the remnants of the notochord. Here, the role of long noncoding LOC554202 in chordoma progression and its associated mechanism were explored. Cell proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze cell apoptosis rate. The migration and invasion of chordoma cells were analyzed by transwell migration and invasion assays and wound healing assays. A xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to explore the role of LOC554202 in regulating tumor growth in vivo . The interaction between microRNA-377-3p (miR-377-3p) and LOC554202 or sekelsky mothers against d PP (SMAD) family member 3 (SMAD3) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The glycolytic rate of chordoma cells was analyzed using glucose assay kit, lactic acid kit and ApoSENSOR ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. LOC554202 expression was upregulated in chordoma tissues and cell lines. LOC554202 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion and induced the apoptosis of chordoma cells. LOC554202 knockdown restrained xenograft tumor growth in vivo . miR-377-3p was confirmed as a target of LOC554202, and miR-377-3p silencing largely overturned LOC554202 knockdown-mediated anti-tumor effects in chordoma cells. miR-377-3p interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of SMAD3 and miR-377-3p overexpression-mediated antitumor effects in chordoma cells were largely attenuated by SMAD3 overexpression. LOC554202 could positively regulate SMAD3 expression by sponging miR-377-3p in chordoma cells. LOC554202 contributed to the glycolysis of chordoma cells by targeting binding to miR-377-3p/SMAD3 axis. LOC554202 facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis and inhibited the apoptosis of chordoma cells by mediating miR-377-3p/SMAD3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Haibo He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotao Su
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qianhuan Gui
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Bozsodi A, Scholtz B, Papp G, Sapi Z, Biczo A, Varga PP, Lazary A. Potential molecular mechanism in self-renewal is associated with miRNA dysregulation in sacral chordoma - A next-generation RNA sequencing study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10227. [PMID: 36033338 PMCID: PMC9404356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma, the most frequent malignant primary spinal neoplasm, characterized by a high rate of recurrence, is an orphan disease where the clarification of the molecular oncogenesis would be crucial to developing new, effective therapies. Dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNA) has a significant role in cancer development. Methods Next-generation RNA sequencing (NGS) was used for the combinatorial analysis of mRNA-miRNA gene expression profiles in sacral chordoma and nucleus pulposus samples. Advanced bioinformatics workflow was applied to the data to predict miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks with altered activity in chordoma. Results A large set of significantly dysregulated miRNAs in chordoma and their differentially expressed target genes have been identified. Several molecular pathways related to tumorigenesis and the modulation of the immune system are predicted to be dysregulated due to aberrant miRNA expression in chordoma. We identified a gene set including key regulators of the Hippo pathway, which is targeted by differently expressed miRNAs, and validated their altered expression by RT-qPCR. These newly identified miRNA/RNA interactions are predicted to have a role in the self-renewal process of chordoma stem cells, which might sustain the high rate of recurrence for this tumor. Conclusions Our results can significantly contribute to the designation of possible targets for the development of anti-chordoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Bozsodi
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Buda Health Center, Királyhágó u. 1-3, Budapest, H-1126, Hungary
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Beata Scholtz
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gergo Papp
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sapi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Adam Biczo
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Buda Health Center, Királyhágó u. 1-3, Budapest, H-1126, Hungary
| | - Peter Pal Varga
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Buda Health Center, Királyhágó u. 1-3, Budapest, H-1126, Hungary
| | - Aron Lazary
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Buda Health Center, Királyhágó u. 1-3, Budapest, H-1126, Hungary
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Királyhágó u. 1-3, Budapest, H-1126, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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Recurrent Metastatic Chordoma to the Liver: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4625-4631. [PMID: 35877227 PMCID: PMC9317925 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm derived from notochordal tissue that primarily affects the axial skeleton. Almost 40% of patients have non-cranial chordoma metastases. The most common metastatic sites are the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous tissue. We present a 52-year female with a history of sacral chordoma presenting with abdominal fullness, early satiety, and a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an isolated, highly vascularized, and multilobed liver mass in the left lateral segment. The mass was surgically removed using a clean surgical margin. A histological examination and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with a metastatic chordoma. Two years later, follow-up imaging studies showed a 6.5 × 4.0 × 2.0 cm right liver lesion with multiple lungs, chest wall, pleural, and diaphragmatic lesions. Microscopic- and immunohistochemical staining revealed a recurrent metastatic chordoma. Herein, we present a unique case of metastatic recurrent chordoma in the liver with the involvement of other sites. To the best of our knowledge, no other case of recurrent liver metastasis has been reported.
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Tu K, Lee S, Roy S, Sawant A, Shukla H. Dysregulated Epigenetics of Chordoma: Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:678-690. [PMID: 35440334 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220419122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare, slow-growing sarcoma that is locally aggressive, and typically resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Despite its low incidence, chordoma remains a clinical challenge because therapeutic options for chordoma are limited, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to therapies. Furthermore, there are currently no established predictive or prognostic biomarkers to follow disease progression or treatment. Whole-genome sequencing of chordoma tissues has demonstrated a low-frequency mutation rate compared to other cancers. This has generated interest in the role of epigenetic events in chordoma pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the epigenetic drivers of chordoma and their potential applications in prognosis and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tu
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sanjit Roy
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hem Shukla
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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ARHGEF3 Associated with Invasion, Metastasis, and Proliferation in Human Osteosarcoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3381957. [PMID: 34350290 PMCID: PMC8328732 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3381957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor composed of mesenchymal cells producing osteoid and immature bone. This study is aimed at developing novel potential prognostic biomarkers and constructing a miRNA-mRNA network for progression in osteosarcoma. Method GSE70367 and GSE70414 were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO software and the GEO2R calculation method were used to analyze two gene profiles. The coexpression of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) was identified and searched for in the FunRich database for pathway and ontology analysis. Cytoscape was utilized to construct the mRNA-miRNA network. Survival analysis of identified miRNAs and mRNAs was performed by utilizing the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Besides, expression levels of DEMs and target mRNAs were verified by performing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Results Six differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were identified, and 8 target genes were selected after screening. By using the KM Plotter software, miRNA-124 and ARHGEF3 were obviously associated with the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Furthermore, ARHGEF3 was found downregulated in osteosarcoma cells by performing qRT-PCR and WB experiments. Results also showed that downregulated ARHGEF3 may associate with invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. Conclusions By using microarray and bioinformatics analysis, DEMs were selected, and a complete miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. ARHGEF3 may act as a therapeutic and prognostic target of osteosarcoma.
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Wang L, Guan X, Hu Q, Wu Z, Chen W, Song L, Wang K, Tian K, Cao C, Zhang D, Ma J, Tong X, Zhang B, Zhang J, Zeng C. TGFB3 downregulation causing chordomagenesis and its tumor suppression role maintained by Smad7. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:913-923. [PMID: 34057989 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone tumor arising from notochordal remnants, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. By integrated mRNA and microRNA analyses, we found significant downregulation of TGFB3 along with upregulation of its inhibitor, miR-29 family in chordoma comparing with notochord. Somatic copy number gains of miR-29 loci in chordoma highlighted a mechanism of inactivation of TGFB3 signaling in tumor formation. In zebrafish, knockout and knockdown homologous tgfb3 resulted in a chordoma-like neoplasm. On the other hand, Smad7 negative feedback regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is retentive in chordoma cell UM-Chor1 despite its disruption in most cancer cells (e.g. A549). Therefore, contrary to other cancers, exogenous TGF-β activated Smad7 by downregulating miR-182 and inhibited cell migration and invasion in UM-Chor1. Meanwhile, TGF-β decreased chordoma characteristic protein Brachyury. Altogether, downregulation of TGFB3 causes chordomagenesis, showing a feasible target for therapies. The retention of Smad7 negative regulation may maintain the suppressor role of TGF-β in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lairong Song
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Kaibing Tian
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Huang W, Yan YG, Wang WJ, Ouyang ZH, Li XL, Zhang TL, Wang XB, Wang B, Lv GH, Li J, Zou MX. Development and Validation of a 6-miRNA Prognostic Signature in Spinal Chordoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:556902. [PMID: 33194623 PMCID: PMC7656123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.556902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published data have suggested a critical role for microRNA (miRNA) expression in chordoma progression. However, most of these studies focus on single miRNA and no multi-miRNA prognostic signature has been currently established for chordoma. In this study, we sought to develop and validate a 6-miRNA risk score (miRscore) model for survival prediction. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Google scholar searches (from inception to July 20, 2018) were conducted to identify candidate miRNAs with prognostic value as per predefined criteria. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure miRNA levels in 114 spinal chordoma (54 in the training and 60 in the validation cohort) and 20 control specimens. Subsequently, the miRscore was built based on miRNAs data. RESULTS Literature searches identified six prognostic miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-1237-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-1, miR-155, and miR-1290) with differential expression in tumor tissues. Bioinformatical analysis revealed an important regulatory role for miR-574-3p/EGFR signaling in chordoma and showed that the target genes of these prognostic miRNAs were mainly enriched in transcription regulation, protein binding and cancer-related pathways. In both cohorts, the miRscore was associated with surrounding muscle invasion by tumor and/or other aggressive features. The miRscore model well predicted local recurrence-free survival and overall survival, which remained after adjusting for other relevant covariates. Further time-dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis in the two cohorts found that the miRscore classifier had stronger prognostic power than known clinical predictors and improved the ability of Enneking staging to predict outcomes. Importantly, recursive-partitioning analysis of both samples combined separated patients into four prognostically distinct risk subgroups for recurrence and survival (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the miRscore as a useful prognostic stratification tool in spinal chordoma and may represent an important step toward future personalized treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ouyang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue-Lin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Gill CM, Fowkes M, Shrivastava RK. Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Chordomas: A Review of the Literature in the Genomic Era. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E118-E123. [PMID: 31504814 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare primary malignant tumors of the bones that occur along the skull base, spine, and sacrum. Long-term survival and neurological outcome continue to be challenging with continued low percentages of long-term survival. Recent studies have used genome, exome, transcriptome, and proteome sequencing to assess the mutational profile of chordomas. Most notably, Brachyury, or T-protein, has been shown to be an early mutational event in chordoma evolution. Clinically actionable mutations, including in the PI3K pathway, were identified. Preliminary evidence suggests that there may be mutational differences associated with primary tumor location. In this study, we review the therapeutic landscape of chordomas and discuss emerging targets in the genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Gill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Raj K Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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13
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Yao J, Wu X. Upregulation Of miR-149-3p Suppresses Spinal Chordoma Malignancy By Targeting Smad3. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9987-9997. [PMID: 31819495 PMCID: PMC6875263 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulation of miRNAs plays an important role in the malignancy of different tumors including chordoma. Expression of miR-149-3p was earlier reported to be downregulated in chordoma tissue. However, its biological role remains to be unrevealed in chordoma, especially in spinal chordoma. Methods Expression of miR-149-3p and Smad3 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Chordoma malignancy was evaluated by cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis using MTT assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry analyzing apoptosis rate, and Western blot-determined expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3, respectively. The target binding between miR-149-3p and Smad3 was predicted by TargetScan Human website and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Xenograft tumors were generated, and expression of miR-149-3p and Smad3 was investigated in vivo. Results miR-149-3p was downregulated in spinal chordoma tissues and cells, and its overexpression promoted chordoma cell apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1 cells. Unexpectedly, Smad3 was a downstream target of miR-149-3p and negatively correlated with miR-149-3p expression in chordoma tissues. Besides, Smad3 was upregulated in chordoma tissues and its silencing had a similar effect as miR-149-3p overexpression in U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1 cells. Moreover, Smad3 upregulation could partially reverse the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-149-3p in chordoma cells. In vivo, the tumorigenesis of U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1 cells was impaired by upregulated miR-149-3p through decreasing Smad3 expression. Conclusion miR-149-3p could serve as a tumor suppressor in spinal chordoma through targeting and downregulating Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Spine, The Orthopedic Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450099, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tuysuz EC, Gulluoglu S, Yaltirik CK, Ozbey U, Kuskucu A, Çoban EA, Sahin F, Türe U, Bayrak OF. Distinctive role of dysregulated miRNAs in chordoma cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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He HC, Dai Z. Letter to the Editor. Prognostic molecular panel for skull base chordoma. J Neurosurg 2019; 130:1767-1769. [PMID: 30875691 DOI: 10.3171/2018.12.jns183445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Zhao K, Li X, Chen X, Zhu Q, Yin F, Ruan Q, Xia J, Niu Z. RETRACTED: Inhibition of miR-140-3p or miR-155-5p by antagomir treatment sensitize chordoma cells to chemotherapy drug treatment by increasing PTEN expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:298-306. [PMID: 30980798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
This article has been retracted at the request of the authors and the Editor-in-Chief as the validity of the data cannot be guaranteed. The journal was initially contacted by the corresponding author to report that, when the authors verified post publication PTEN as their former target of miR-140-3p, they found that treatment with miR-140-3p or miR-155-5p antagomir increased PTEN protein levels in patient-derived chordoma cells without having a significant effect on the malignancy of the tumor cells.
The journal further requested the author to provide more information about their post publication findings with regard to this article. However, the author was not able to fulfil this request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Nursing, Changchun Obstetrics-Gynecology Hospital, Changchun, 130042, PR China
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Jidong Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Zefeng Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, PR China
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17
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Choi PJ, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. The Current Understanding of MicroRNA's Therapeutic, Diagnostic, and Prognostic Role in Chordomas: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 2018; 10:e3772. [PMID: 30820391 PMCID: PMC6389020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are primary low-grade bone tumors derived from the embryonic notochord that make up less than 5% of all osseous malignancies and commonly affect the spine at its vertebral body and at its two ends i.e., skull base and the sacrum. Although histologically defined to be low-grade, chordoma is locally destructive, metastatic, and has a serious recurrence rate, which all contribute to the dismal median survival rate of six years. Its locally destructive nature places the adjacent vital neurovascular structures at risk, making an en-bloc resection a challenge. This tumor is also known to show high resistance to currently available chemoradiotherapy, although the benefit of proton beam therapy for skull base chordoma has been demonstrated. There is an additional need to focus our attention on investigating the molecular biology of this chemoradiotherapy-resistant tumor to develop a more targeted therapy, which has additional diagnostic and prognostic values. In this paper, we discuss the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in chordomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Choi
- Surgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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18
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Zhang H, Yang K, Ren T, Huang Y, Tang X, Guo W. miR-16-5p inhibits chordoma cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting Smad3. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 29880900 PMCID: PMC5992191 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed miRNAs play a crucial role in the development of multiple cancer types, including chordoma. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear and need to be elucidated. In this study, miRNAs were screened by miRNA array analysis and then confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. We found that miR-16-5p was significantly downregulated in chordoma, and overexpression of miR-16-5p suppressed chordoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo and correlated with the upregulated expression of E-cadherin and downregulated expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, Smad3 was identified as a target of miR-16-5p, and Smad3 was highly expressed in chordoma tissues. Further research showed that knockdown of Smad3 had an effect similar to that of overexpression of miR-16-5p in chordoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that miR-16-5p plays a tumor suppressor role in chordoma progression by targeting Smad3, which could provide a promising prognostic and therapeutic strategy for chordoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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19
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MicroRNA 148a-3p promotes Thrombospondin-4 expression and enhances angiogenesis during tendinopathy development by inhibiting Krüppel-like factor 6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:276-282. [PMID: 29807011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder with characteristic hypervascularity. The mechanism of angiogenesis in tendinopathy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-148a-3p in angiogenesis development of tendinopathy. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p expression was increased in tendinopathy tissues and positively correlated with CD34 levels which is a specific marker for angiogenesis. We identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a direct target gene of miR-148a-3p in tenocytes. Furthermore, reduced levels of KLF6 in tendinopathy tissues was showed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis, compared with controls. A negative correlation between the levels of KLF6 mRNA and miR-148a-3p was observed. Then, we verified that miR-148a-3p could regulate Tsp-4 expression by targeting KLF6 in tenocyte and was positively correlated with Tsp-4 levels in tendinopathy tissues. In a coculture system of tenocytes with endothelial cells (ECs), we observed that transfection of Lv-miR-148a-3p markedly upregulated EC angiogenesis. In summary, our data establish a novel molecular mechanism by which miR-148a-3p upregulates Tsp-4 expression in tenocytes to promote EC angiogenesis by targeting KLF6, which could be helpful for the treatment of tendinopathy in the future.
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20
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Heublein S, Albertsmeier M, Pfeifer D, Loehrs L, Bazhin AV, Kirchner T, Werner J, Neumann J, Angele MK. Association of differential miRNA expression with hepatic vs. peritoneal metastatic spread in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:201. [PMID: 29463215 PMCID: PMC5819695 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though peritoneal carcinomatosis reflects a late stage of colorectal cancer (CRC), only few patients present with synchronous or metachronous liver metastases alongside their peritoneal carcinomatosis. It is hypothesized that this phenomenon may be causally linked to molecular characteristics of the primary CRC. This study used miRNA profiling of primary CRC tissue either metastasized to the liver, to the peritoneum or not metastasized at all thus to identify miRNAs potentially associated with defining the site of metastatic spread in CRC. METHODS Tissue of the primary tumor stemming from CRC patients diagnosed for either liver metastasis (LM; n = 10) or peritoneal carcinomatosis (PER; n = 10) was analyzed in this study. Advanced CRC cases without metastasis (M0; n = 3) were also included thus to select on those miRNAs most potentially associated with determining metastatic spread in general. miRNA profiling of 754 different miRNAs was performed in each group. MiRNAs being either differentially expressed comparing PER and LM or even triple differentially expressed (PER vs. LM vs. M0) were identified. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated by in silico and functional analysis. RESULTS Comparative analysis identified 41 miRNAs to be differentially expressed comparing primary tumors metastasized to the liver as opposed to those spread to the peritoneum. A set of 31 miRNAs was significantly induced in primary tumors that spread to the peritoneum (PER), while the remaining 10 miRNAs were found to be repressed. Out of these 41 miRNAs a number of 25 miRNAs was triple-differentially expressed (i.e. differentially expressed comparing LM vs. PER vs. M0). The latter underwent in silico analysis. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-31 down-regulated c-MET in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that CRC primary tumors spread to the peritoneum vs. metastasized to the liver display significantly different miRNA profiles. Larger patient cohorts will be needed to validate whether determination of e.g. miR-31 may aid to predict the course of disease and whether this may help to create individualized follow up or treatment protocols. To determine whether certain miRNAs may be involved in regulating the metastatic potential of CRC, functional studies will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Albertsmeier
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David Pfeifer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Loehrs
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kurt Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marachioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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21
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He H, Cai M, Zhu J, Xiao W, Liu B, Shi Y, Yang X, Liang X, Zheng T, Hu S, Jia X, Chen S, Wang J, Qin Y, Lai S. miR-148a-3p promotes rabbit preadipocyte differentiation by targeting PTEN. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:241-249. [PMID: 29426973 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although emerging data support crucial roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) during adipogenesis, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, it was shown that in rabbits, levels of miR-148a-3p not only increased in white adipose tissue during early stages of growth but also during in vitro cultured preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-148a-3p significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4, as well as the protein levels of PPARγ, as indicated by qPCR and western blotting analyses. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p also promoted intracellular triglyceride accumulation. In contrast, downregulation of miR-148a-3p inhibited the differentiation of rabbit preadipocytes. Next, based on target gene prediction and a luciferase reporter assay, we further demonstrated that miR-148a-3p directly targeted one of the 3' untranslated regions of PTEN. Finally, it was observed inhibition of PTEN by siRNA promoted rabbit preadipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-148a-3p could be involved in regulating rabbit preadipocyte differentiation through inhibiting expression of PTEN, which further highlighted the importance of miRNAs during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingcheng Cai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Buwei Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Chendu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohu Liang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tianhao Zheng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chen H, Zhang K, Lu J, Wu G, Yang H, Chen K. Comprehensive analysis of mRNA-lncRNA co-expression profile revealing crucial role of imprinted gene cluster DLK1-MEG3 in chordoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112623-112635. [PMID: 29348851 PMCID: PMC5762536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with high recurrence rate, but the mechanism of its development is unclear. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are recently revealed to be regulators in a variety of biological processed by targeting on mRNA transcription. Their expression profile and function in chordoma have not been investigated yet. In this study, we firstly performed the comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA and coding genes expression analysis with three chordoma samples and three fetal nucleus pulposus tissues. lncRNA and gene microarrays were used to determine the differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein coding genes. 2786 lncRNAs and 3286 coding genes were significantly up-regulated in chordoma, while 2042 lncRNAs and 1006 coding genes were down-regulated. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to correlate differentially expressed lncRNAs with protein coding genes, indicating a comprehensive lncRNA-coding gene co-expression network in chordoma. Cis-correlation analysis showed that various transcripts of MEG3 and MEG8 were paired with the most differentially expressed gene DLK1. As located in the same locus, we further analyzed the miRNA clusters in this region, and identified that 61.22% of these miRNAs were significantly down-regulated, implying the silence of the imprinted gene cluster DLK1-MEG3. Overexpression of MEG3 suppressed the proliferation of chordoma cells. Our study pointed out the potential role of lncRNAs in chordoma, presented the lncRNA-coding genes co-expression profile, and revealed that imprinted gene cluster DLK1-MEG3 contributes to the pathogenesis of chordoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that can arise anywhere along the central neural axis and many involve head and neck sites, most commonly the skull base. The relative rarity of these tumors, combined with the complex anatomy of the head and neck, pose diagnostic challenges to pathologists. This article describes the pertinent clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of chordomas and describes how these features can be used to aid in formulating a differential diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on key diagnostic pitfalls and the importance of incorporating immunohistochemical information into the diagnosis.
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24
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Ma X, Qi S, Duan Z, Liao H, Yang B, Wang W, Tan J, Li Q, Xia X. Long non-coding RNA LOC554202 modulates chordoma cell proliferation and invasion by recruiting EZH2 and regulating miR-31 expression. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28963737 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumour arising from notochordal remnants. Long non-coding RNA LOC554202, as the host gene of miR-31, contributes to various cancer developments. However, little is known about the biological function of LOC554202 in chordoma. Here, the relationship between LncRNA LOC554202, miR-31 and EZH2 was elucidated in chordoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of LOC554402, miR-31, EZH2, RNF144B, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured in chordoma tissues and the chordoma cell lines via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. FISH assay demonstrated the LOC554402 expression in chordoma tissues. The chordoma cell lines, U-CH1 and JHC7, were transfected with siRNA or miRNA mimics and analysed for cell proliferation ability, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion. RNA pull down, RIP assay, and Luciferase Reporter Assay were used to analyze the interaction between LOC554202 and EZH2. Animal tumour xenografts were generated, and qRT-PCR was performed to investigate EZH2, miR-31, and RNB144B expression on tumour growth in vivo. RESULTS We found elevated expression of LOC554202 was associated with a decreased level of miR-31 in cancer tissues. Knockdown of LOC554202 or overexpression of miR-31 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of chordoma cells. Unexpectedly, EZH2 as a binding protein of LOC554202, and it was positively regulated by LOC554202, leading to the reduced expression of miR-31. Furthermore, the impaired function of miR-31 restored expression of the oncogene RNF144B and maintained the metastasis-promoting activity in vitro. The results in vivo confirmed the anti-tumour effects of knockdown of LOC554202, which inhibited EZH2/miR-31 to activate the oncogene RNF144B. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LOC554202 may play an important role in the progression of chordoma by the direct upregulation of EZH2 and indirect promotion of RNF144B via miR-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengjin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenying Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongzhan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Baohua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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25
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Chen K, Chen H, Zhang K, Sun S, Mo J, Lu J, Qian Z, Yang H. MicroRNA profiling and bioinformatics analyses reveal the potential roles of microRNAs in chordoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5533-5539. [PMID: 29113181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare aggressive bone tumor arising from remnants of the notochord, and patients with chordoma have a poor prognosis. However, the unique expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their downstream signaling pathways in chordoma remain incompletely characterized. The aim of the present study was to delineate the global miRNA expression profile and associated signaling networks in chordoma. miRNA profiling was performed on chordoma and fetal notochord tissues. Differentially expressed miRNAs in chordoma were analyzed using microarrays with hierarchical clustering analysis. The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted, and Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed for the intersecting genes. A total of 42 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in chordoma compared with that in fetal nucleus pulposus tissues. The expression of hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-1290 and hsa-miR-623 were validated using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of the intersection predicted by three databases (Targetscan, microRNA.org and PITA), 10,292 potential miRNA targets were identified. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that these dysregulated miRNAs and their predicted targets were functions of signaling pathways in cancer, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and endocytosis. In particular, human (hsa-)miR-185-5p was identified as a crucial miRNA in chordoma development via the Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study provide a comprehensive expression and functional profile of differentially expressed miRNAs associated with chordoma. This profile may serve as a potential tool for biomarker and therapeutic target identification in patients with chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Mo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglai Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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26
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Cirnigliaro M, Barbagallo C, Gulisano M, Domini CN, Barone R, Barbagallo D, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Expression and Regulatory Network Analysis of miR-140-3p, a New Potential Serum Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:250. [PMID: 28848387 PMCID: PMC5554380 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its prevalence and social impact, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is drawing much interest. Molecular basis of ASD is heterogeneous and only partially known. Many factors, including disorders comorbid with ASD, like TS (Tourette Syndrome), complicate ASD behavior-based diagnosis and make it vulnerable to bias. To further investigate ASD etiology and to identify potential biomarkers to support its precise diagnosis, we used TaqMan Low Density Array technology to profile serum miRNAs from ASD, TS, and TS+ASD patients, and unaffected controls (NCs). Through validation assays in 30 ASD, 24 TS, and 25 TS+ASD patients and 25 NCs, we demonstrated that miR-140-3p is upregulated in ASD vs.: NC, TS, and TS+ASD (Tukey's test, p-values = 0.03, = 0.01, < 0.0001, respectively). ΔCt values for miR-140-3p and YGTSS (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) scores are positively correlated (Spearman r = 0.33; Benjamini-Hochberg p = 0.008) and show a linear relationship (p = 0.002). Network functional analysis showed that nodes controlled by miR-140-3p, especially CD38 and NRIP1 which are its validated targets, are involved in processes convergingly dysregulated in ASD, such as synaptic plasticity, immune response, and chromatin binding. Biomarker analysis proved that serum miR-140-3p can discriminate among: (1) ASD and NC (Area under the ROC curve, AUC: 0.70; sensitivity: 63.33%; specificity: 68%); (2) ASD and TS (AUC: 0.72; sensitivity: 66.66%; specificity: 70.83%); (3) ASD and TS+ASD (AUC: 0.78; sensitivity: 73.33%; specificity: 76%). Characterization of miR-140-3p network would contribute to further clarify ASD etiology. Serum miR-140-3p could represent a potential non-invasive biomarker for ASD, easy to test through liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Carla N Domini
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy.,Associazione Oasi Maria SS. Onlus (IRCCS), Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain AgingTroina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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Letter to the Editor Regarding "Expression of Cathepsin K in Skull Base Chordoma". World Neurosurg 2017; 103:927-929. [PMID: 28672708 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Wang XB, Lv GH, Li J, Zou MX. Ki-67 Index as a Prognostic Marker in Chordomas: A Systematic Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 101:782-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Santegoeds R, Yakkioui Y, Jahanshahi A, Raven G, Van Overbeeke J, Herrler A, Temel Y. Notochord isolation using laser capture microdissection. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 80:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Gulluoglu S, Sahin M, Tuysuz EC, Yaltirik CK, Kuskucu A, Ozkan F, Sahin F, Ture U, Bayrak OF. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promotes Aggressiveness of Chordoma. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1177-1188. [PMID: 28247842 PMCID: PMC7841199 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14874349473815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors of the spine and skull base that are locally destructive and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Chordoma patients have a long life expectancy with high mortality from the disease. Cancer stem cells, which are known to exist in chordomas, have extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential and are responsible for maintaining tumor heterogeneity along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has multiple functions in stem cell biology, the immune response, and cancer, and is potentially a key molecule that allows cancer stem cells to self-renew. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LIF increases the aggressive traits of chordoma cells and leads to a poor prognosis in patients. Chordoma cell lines were treated with LIF, and functional tests were done. Twenty skull base chordoma samples were checked for levels of LIF and a correlation with clinicopathological features. The whole transcriptome microarray was used to observe changes in gene expression. We observed increased migration, invasion, tumorosphere formation, colony formation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance accompanied by a dramatic elevation in inflammatory gene networks and pathways in chordomas. The expression of LIF was associated with tumor size and a poorer overall survival. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments suggest that LIF can facilitate tumor-promoting inflammation. Results indicate that LIF plays a role in maintaining cancer stem cells in chordomas.
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31
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Gao Y, Xu D, Zhao L, Sun Y. The DNA damage response of C. elegans affected by gravity sensing and radiosensitivity during the Shenzhou-8 spaceflight. Mutat Res 2017; 795:15-26. [PMID: 28088539 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Space radiation and microgravity are recognized as primary and inevitable risk factors for humans traveling in space, but the reports regarding their synergistic effects remain inconclusive and vary across studies due to differences in the environmental conditions and intrinsic biological sensitivity. Thus, we studied the synergistic effects on transcriptional changes in the global genome and DNA damage response (DDR) by using dys-1 mutant and ced-1 mutant of C. elegans, which respectively presented microgravity-insensitivity and radiosensitivity when exposure to spaceflight condition (SF) and space radiation (SR). The dys-1 mutation induced similar transcriptional changes under both conditions, including the transcriptional distribution and function of altered genes. The majority of alterations were related to metabolic shift under both conditions, including transmembrane transport, lipid metabolic processes and proteolysis. Under SF and SR conditions, 12/14 and 10/13 altered pathways, respectively, were both grouped in the metabolism category. Out of the 778 genes involved in DDR, except eya-1 and ceh-34, 28 altered genes in dys-1 mutant showed no predicted protein interactions, or anti-correlated miRNAs during spaceflight. The ced-1 mutation induced similar changes under SF and SR; however, these effects were stronger than those of the dys-1 mutant. The additional genes identified were related to phosphorous/phosphate metabolic processes and growth rather than, metabolism, especially for environmental information processing under SR. Although the DDR profiles were significantly changed under both conditions, the ced-1 mutation favored DNA repair under SF and apoptosis under SR. Notably, 37 miRNAs were predicted to be involved in the DDR. Our study indicates that, the dys-1 mutation reduced the transcriptional response to SF, and the ced-1 mutation increased the response to SR, when compared with the wild type C. elegans. Although some effects were due to radiosensitivity, microgravity, depending on the dystrophin, exerts predominant effects on transcription in C. elegans during short-duration spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road 350, Hefei 230031, China; Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road 350, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, China.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu T, Li C, Wu J, He Q, Wang G, Ding C, Liu K, Tang H, Ji F. Increased expression of microRNA-148a in osteosarcoma promotes cancer cell growth by targeting PTEN. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3208-3214. [PMID: 27899984 PMCID: PMC5103920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, and deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in osteosarcoma have attracted great attention. In the present study, through miRNA microarray analysis, it was identified that miR-148a expression was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues. Increased miR-148a expression was significantly correlated with tumor progression and prognosis. Furthermore, increased miR-148a expression could promote osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo, and the tumor-promoting effect was due to enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway caused by miR-148a-mediated inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression. Together, the present results suggest a role for miR-148a in osteosarcoma development and its potential use in prognosis prediction and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qianyun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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33
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The potential function of microRNA in chordomas. Gene 2016; 585:76-83. [PMID: 27016303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular biology of chordomas, which are rare, chemoresistant tumors with no well-established treatment. miRNAs regulate gene networks and pathways. We aimed to evaluate the effects of dysregulated miRNA in chordomas would help reveal the underlying mechanisms of chordoma initiation and progression. In this study, miR-31, anti-miR-140-3p, anti-miR148a, and miR-222 were transiently transfected to chordoma cell lines and an MTS assay, apoptosis assay, and cell-cycle analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects. The mRNA level of predicted and confirmed targets of each miRNA, as well as the EMT and MET markers of U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1, were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transient transfection of miRNA mimics was achieved, as each mimic increased or decreased the level of its corresponding miRNA. miR-31 decreased cell viability in MUG-Chor1 and U-CH2 after 72h, which is consistent with previous findings for U-CH1. Both miR-31 and anti-miR-148a induced apoptosis in all three cell lines. Although each miRNA had a similar pattern, miR-31 had the most effective S-phase arrest in all three cell lines. RDX, MET, DNMT1, DNMT3B, TRPS1, BIRC5, and KIT were found to be targeted by the selected miRNAs. The level of miR-222 in chordoma cell lines U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1 correlated positively with EMT markers and negatively with MET markers. This study uncovered the potential of miR-31, miR-140-3p, miR-148a, and miR-222-3p to be key molecules in the cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis in chordomas, as well as initiation, differentiation, and progression.
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Abstract
Chordoma is an extremely rare cancer, with an incidence of about one case per million persons per year in the USA and Europe (about 300 and 450 cases per year, respectively). The estimated median overall survival of patients with chordoma is approximately 6–7 years, yielding a rough estimate of chordoma prevalence at about 2000 in the USA and 3000 in Europe. Primary tumor develops along the axial spine between the clivus and sacrum and develops from the residual embryonic notochord. Brachyury (T), a transcription factor required for normal embryonic development, is expressed in the notochord and overexpressed in almost all cases of chordoma. The primary treatment for chordoma is surgical excision with wide local margins, when possible. Radiotherapy also plays a significant role in the adjuvant setting and when surgery is not possible. Unfortunately, in the advanced and/or metastatic setting, where the role of surgery and/or radiation is less clear, treatment options are very limited. To date, there have been no randomized, controlled trials in chordoma that have resulted in defined agents of clinical benefit for systemic treatment. This review briefly describes the natural history and initial treatment of chordoma and focuses on treatment options for advanced disease and potential avenues of research that may lead to improved treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Heery
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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35
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Osaka E, Kelly AD, Spentzos D, Choy E, Yang X, Shen JK, Yang P, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. MicroRNA-155 expression is independently predictive of outcome in chordoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9125-39. [PMID: 25823817 PMCID: PMC4496207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression and the clinicopathological features of chordoma patients, and to evaluate the functional role of miR-155 in chordoma. Methods The miRNA expression profiles were analyzed using miRNA microarray assays. Regulatory activity of miR-155 was assessed using bioinformatic tools. miR-155 expression levels were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between miR-155 expression and the clinicopathological features of chordoma patients were analyzed. Proliferative, migratory and invasive activities were assessed by MTT, wound healing, and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Results The miRNA microarray assay revealed miR-155 to be highly expressed and biologically active in chordoma. miR-155 expression in chordoma tissues was significantly elevated, and this expression correlated significantly with disease stage (p = 0.036) and the presence of metastasis (p = 0.035). miR-155 expression also correlated significantly with poor outcomes for chordoma patients (hazard ratio, 5.32; p = 0.045). Inhibition of miR-155 expression suppressed proliferation, and the migratory and invasive activities of chordoma cells. Conclusions We have shown miR-155 expression to independently affect prognosis in chordoma. These results collectively indicate that miR-155 expression may serve not only as a prognostic marker, but also as a potential therapeutic target in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Osaka
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Andrew D Kelly
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sarcoma Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pei Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Henry J Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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36
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Sun X, Hornicek F, Schwab JH. Chordoma: an update on the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2016; 8:344-52. [PMID: 26493697 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-015-9311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare low-grade primary malignant skeletal tumor, which is presumed to derive from notochord remnants. The pathogenesis of chordoma has not been fully elucidated. However, recent advances in the molecular biology studies have identified brachyury underlying the initiation and progression of chordoma cells. More efforts have been made on accumulating evidence of the notochordal origin of chordoma, discovering signaling pathways and identifying crucial targets in chordomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the most recent research findings and focus on the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey 355 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey 355 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey 355 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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37
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Gulluoglu S, Turksoy O, Kuskucu A, Ture U, Bayrak OF. The molecular aspects of chordoma. Neurosurg Rev 2015; 39:185-96; discussion 196. [PMID: 26363792 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-015-0663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are one of the rarest bone tumors, and they originate from remnants of embryonic notochord along the spine, more frequently at the skull base and sacrum. Although they are relatively slow growing and low grade, chordomas are highly recurrent, aggressive, locally invasive, and prone to metastasize to the lungs, bone, and the liver. Chordomas highly and generally show a dual epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. These tumors resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy; therefore, radical surgery and high-dose radiation are the most used treatments, although there is no standard way to treat the disease. The molecular biology process behind the initiation and progression of a chordoma needs to be revealed for a better understanding of the disease and to develop more effective therapies. Efforts to discover the mysteries of these molecular aspects have delineated several molecular and genetic alterations in this tumor. Here, we review and describe the emerging insights into the molecular landscape of chordomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Gulluoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School and Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Turksoy
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kuskucu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School and Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ture
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University Medical School and Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School and Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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38
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Yu X, Li Z. Epigenetic deregulations in chordoma. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:497-502. [PMID: 26256106 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare type of malignant bone tumour arising from remnant notochord and prognosis of patients with it remains poor as its molecular and genetic mechanisms are not well understood. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification and nucleosome remodelling), play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Aberrant epigenetic patterns are present in patients with chordoma, indicating a potential role for epigenetic mechanisms inthis malignancy. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations may provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets for treatment. In this review, we discuss relevant epigenetic findings associated with chordoma, and their potential application for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China
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Ferrari L, Pistocchi A, Libera L, Boari N, Mortini P, Bellipanni G, Giordano A, Cotelli F, Riva P. FAS/FASL are dysregulated in chordoma and their loss-of-function impairs zebrafish notochord formation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5712-24. [PMID: 25071022 PMCID: PMC4170636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor that recapitulates the notochord phenotype and is thought to derive from notochord remnants not correctly regressed during development. Apoptosis is necessary for the proper notochord development in vertebrates, and the apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas and Fasl has been demonstrated to be involved in notochord cells regression. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FAS/FASL pathway in a cohort of skull base chordomas and to analyze the role of fas/fasl homologs in zebrafish notochord formation. FAS/FASL expression was found to be dysregulated in chordoma leading to inactivation of the downstream Caspases in the samples analyzed. Both fas and fasl were specifically expressed in zebrafish notochord sorted cells. fas and fasl loss-of-function mainly resulted in larvae with notochord multi-cell-layer jumps organization, larger vacuolated notochord cells, defects in the peri-notochordal sheath structure and in vertebral mineralization. Interestingly, we observed the persistent expression of ntla and col2a1a, the zebrafish homologs of the human T gene and COL2A1 respectively, which are specifically up-regulated in chordoma. These results demonstrate for the first time the dysregulation of FAS/FASL in chordoma and their role in notochord formation in the zebrafish model, suggesting their possible implication in chordoma onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5 20133 Milan, Italy; These authors contribute equally in this study
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5 20133 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26 20133 Milan, Italy; These authors contribute equally in this study
| | - Laura Libera
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Boari
- Dipartimento di Neurochirurgia, Università Vita-Salute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Dipartimento di Neurochirurgia, Università Vita-Salute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5 20133 Milan, Italy
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MicroRNA-494 inhibition protects nucleus pulposus cells from TNF-α-induced apoptosis by targeting JunD. Biochimie 2015; 115:1-7. [PMID: 25906693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human nucleus pulposus cell (HNPC) apoptosis plays an important role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Our previous research revealed that among all of the dysregulated microRNAs in the degenerated nucleus pulposus tissues of patient with IVDD, miRNA-494 (miR-494) is the most significantly increased. However, the influence of miR-494 HNPC apoptosis has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effect of miR-494 on the HNPC apoptosis induced by TNF-α and to explore the possible mechanism of this process. METHODS First, HNPCs were stimulated with TNF-α at different concentrations (0 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, or 100 ng/ml) for 0 h, 8 h, 16 h, or 24 h. Annexin V-PE/7-AAD assays and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the cell apoptosis rates and miR-494 expression. Second, we successfully knocked down endogenous miR-494 in HNPCs via lentiviral antigomiR-494 vector infection and then stimulated with TNF-α (100 ng/ml, 16 h). The rates of apoptosis and miR-494 expression were then detected again. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting were used to determine whether JunD is a target of miR-494. Finally, western blotting was used to analyze the expression of cytochrome C. RESULTS We found that the rate of apoptosis increased with concentration, time (p < 0.05) and miR-494 expression (p < 0.05). The rate of apoptosis in the 100 ng/ml, 16 h group appeared to be suitable. After transfection, the apoptosis rate and miR-494 expression were significantly decreased in the antigomiR-494+TNF-α group compared to the controls (p < 0.05). We also revealed that JunD is a target of miR-494. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that treatment with the lentiviral antigomiR-494 vector resulted in increased expression of JunD (p < 0.05) and decreased expression of cytochrome C (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicated that miR-494 is a novel regulator of HNPC apoptosis induced by TNF-α. The knock-out of miR-494 expression protected the HNPCs from apoptosis via the up-regulation of JunD, which was possibly mediated via cytochrome C apoptotic signaling. These findings suggest that the miR-494/JunD signaling pathway might represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of IVDD.
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41
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Zou MX, Huang W, Wang XB, Li J, Lv GH, Wang B, Deng YW. Reduced expression of miRNA-1237-3p associated with poor survival of spinal chordoma patients. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 24:1738-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kuang L, Lv G, Wang B, Li L, Dai Y, Li Y. Overexpression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 in chordoma tissues is associated with chordoma pathogenesis by reducing miR‑125a and miR‑10a expression. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:93-8. [PMID: 25673044 PMCID: PMC4438963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare, slow-growing primary malignant neoplasm of the axial skeleton, which arises from the remnants of the notochord. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in chordoma tissues and crucially involved in chordoma pathogenesis. In the present study, the expression of 11 candidate miRs were analyzed in chordoma tissues and miR-10a and miR-125a were found to be significantly downregulated compared with controls. Notably, the expression of the primary transcripts, pri-miR-125a and pri-miR-10a was unaltered, suggesting that disturbed microRNA expression may be induced by altered pri-miRNA processing. Previous studies have indicated that disturbed adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) expression is able to alter mRNA and miRNA adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) levels associated with cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, the expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2 was analyzed in chordoma tissues. It was found that ADAR1 was significantly overexpressed, which was accompanied by enhanced pre-miR-10a and pri-miR-125a A-to-I editing. These findings suggest that ADAR2 overexpression causes enhanced pre-miR-10a and pri-miR-125a A-to-I editing, which alters mature miR-10a and miR-125a expression and may contribute to chordoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Dai
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Osaka E, Yang X, Shen JK, Yang P, Feng Y, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) inhibits chordoma cell migration and invasion by targeting slug. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1075-82. [PMID: 24760686 PMCID: PMC4123853 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that expression of miRNA-1 (miR-1) is frequently down-regulated in several cancer types including chordoma. Identifying and validating novel targets of miR-1 is useful for understanding the roles of miR-1 in chordoma. We aimed to further investigate the functions of miR-1 in chordoma. Specifically, we assessed whether restoration of miR-1 affects cell migration and invasion in chordoma, and focused on the miR-1 potential target Slug gene. Migratory and invasive activities were assessed by wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Slug expression was evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Restoration of miR-1 expression suppressed the migratory and invasive activities of chordoma cells. Transfection of miR-1 inhibited cell proliferation both time- and dose-dependently in chordoma. MiR-1 transfected cells showed inhibited Slug expression. Slug was over-expressed in chordoma cell lines and advanced chordoma tissues. In conclusion, we have shown that miR-1 directly targets the Slug gene in chordoma. Restoration of miR-1 suppressed not only proliferation, but also migratory and invasive activities, and reduced the Slug expression in chordoma cells. These results collectively indicate that miR-1/Slug pathway is a potential therapeutic target because of its crucial roles in chordoma cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Osaka
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Jacson K. Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Pei Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yong Feng
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Henry J. Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Duan Z, Shen J, Yang X, Yang P, Osaka E, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Zhang Y, Nielsen GP, Spentzos D, Mankin H, Hornicek F. Prognostic significance of miRNA-1 (miR-1) expression in patients with chordoma. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:695-701. [PMID: 24501096 PMCID: PMC4049352 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reliable prognostic biomarkers for chordoma have not yet been established. Recent studies revealed that expression of miRNA-1 (miR-1) is frequently downregulated in several cancer types including chordoma. The goal of this follow-up study is to investigate the expression of miR-1 as a prognostic biomarker and further confirm the functional role of miR-1 in chordoma cell growth and proliferation. We determined the relative expression levels of miR-1 and Met in chordoma tissue samples and correlated those to clinical variables. The results showed that miR-1 was downregulated in 93.7% of chordoma tissues and expression was inversely correlated with Met expression. miR-1 expression levels also correlated with clinical prognosis. To characterize and confirm the functional role of miR-1 in the growth and proliferation of chordoma cells, miR-1 precursors were stably transfected into chordoma cell lines UCH-1 and CH-22. Cell Proliferation Assay and MTT were used to evaluate cell growth and proliferation. Restoring expression of miR-1 precursor decreased cell growth and proliferation in UCH-1 and CH-22 cells. These results indicate that suppressed miR-1 expression in chordoma may in part be a driver for tumor growth, and that miR-1 has potential to serve as prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chordoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Pei Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Eiji Osaka
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Gregory Cote
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - David Harmon
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liu Hua Qiao Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - G. Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sarcoma Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Zhang Y, Schiff D, Park D, Abounader R. MicroRNA-608 and microRNA-34a regulate chordoma malignancy by targeting EGFR, Bcl-xL and MET. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91546. [PMID: 24621885 PMCID: PMC3951453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare malignant tumors that originate from the notochord remnants and occur in the skull base, spine and sacrum. Due to a very limited understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of chordoma, there are no adjuvant and molecular therapies besides surgical resection and radiation therapy. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNA molecules with critical roles in cancer. The role of miRNAs in chordomas is mostly unknown. We uncover microRNA-608 (miR-608) and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) as novel tumor suppressive microRNAs that regulate malignancy in chordoma. We find that miR-608 and miR-34a expressions are downregulated in human chordoma cell lines and primary cells at least partially via alteration of their genes' copy numbers. We identify the commonly deregulated oncogenes EGFR and Bcl-xL as direct targets of miR-608 and the receptor tyrosine kinase MET as direct target of miR-34a. We show that EGFR and MET activations promote chordoma cell proliferation and invasion and that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and MET inhibits chordoma cell proliferation and survival. We demonstrate that restoration of miR-608 and miR-34a inhibits cell proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis in chordoma cells. We find that miR-34a inversely correlates with MET expression and miR-608 inversely correlates with EGFR expression in chordoma cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time that miR-608 and miR-34a regulate chordoma malignancy by regulating EGFR, MET and Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (RA)
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deric Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Roger Abounader
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (RA)
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