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Andersen MS, Kofoed MS, Paludan-Müller AS, Pedersen CB, Mathiesen T, Mawrin C, Wirenfeldt M, Kristensen BW, Olsen BB, Halle B, Poulsen FR. Meningioma animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:764. [PMID: 37898750 PMCID: PMC10612271 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are widely used to study pathological processes and drug (side) effects in a controlled environment. There is a wide variety of methods available for establishing animal models depending on the research question. Commonly used methods in tumor research include xenografting cells (established/commercially available or primary patient-derived) or whole tumor pieces either orthotopically or heterotopically and the more recent genetically engineered models-each type with their own advantages and disadvantages. The current systematic review aimed to investigate the meningioma model types used, perform a meta-analysis on tumor take rate (TTR), and perform critical appraisal of the included studies. The study also aimed to assess reproducibility, reliability, means of validation and verification of models, alongside pros and cons and uses of the model types. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for all in vivo meningioma models. The primary outcome was tumor take rate. Meta-analysis was performed on tumor take rate followed by subgroup analyses on the number of cells and duration of incubation. The validity of the tumor models was assessed qualitatively. We performed critical appraisal of the methodological quality and quality of reporting for all included studies. RESULTS We included 114 unique records (78 using established cell line models (ECLM), 21 using primary patient-derived tumor models (PTM), 10 using genetically engineered models (GEM), and 11 using uncategorized models). TTRs for ECLM were 94% (95% CI 92-96) for orthotopic and 95% (93-96) for heterotopic. PTM showed lower TTRs [orthotopic 53% (33-72) and heterotopic 82% (73-89)] and finally GEM revealed a TTR of 34% (26-43). CONCLUSION This systematic review shows high consistent TTRs in established cell line models and varying TTRs in primary patient-derived models and genetically engineered models. However, we identified several issues regarding the quality of reporting and the methodological approach that reduce the validity, transparency, and reproducibility of studies and suggest a high risk of publication bias. Finally, each tumor model type has specific roles in research based on their advantages (and disadvantages). SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO-ID CRD42022308833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Schou Andersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- BRIDGE (Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel Seremet Kofoed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE (Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Asger Sand Paludan-Müller
- Nordic Cochrane Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and NHTA: Market Access & Health Economics Consultancy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Bonde Pedersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE (Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tiit Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wirenfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Biology, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Brinkmann Olsen
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bo Halle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE (Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frantz Rom Poulsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE (Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Slavik H, Balik V, Vrbkova J, Rehulkova A, Vaverka M, Hrabalek L, Ehrmann J, Vidlarova M, Gurska S, Hajduch M, Srovnal J. Identification of Meningioma Patients at High Risk of Tumor Recurrence Using MicroRNA Profiling. Neurosurgery 2021; 87:1055-1063. [PMID: 32125436 PMCID: PMC7566524 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningioma growth rates are highly variable, even within benign subgroups, with some remaining stable, whereas others grow rapidly. OBJECTIVE To identify molecular-genetic markers for more accurate prediction of meningioma recurrence and better-targeted therapy. METHODS Microarrays identified microRNA (miRNA) expression in primary and recurrent meningiomas of all World Health Organization (WHO) grades. Those found to be deregulated were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 172 patients. Statistical analysis of the resulting dataset revealed predictors of meningioma recurrence. RESULTS Adjusted and nonadjusted models of time to relapse identified the most significant prognosticators to be miR-15a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-331-3p. The final validation phase proved the crucial significance of miR-146a-5p and miR-331-3p, and clinical factors such as type of resection (total or partial) and WHO grade in some selected models. Following stepwise selection in a multivariate model on an expanded cohort, the most predictive model was identified to be that which included lower miR-331-3p expression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; P < .001) and partial tumor resection (HR 3.90; P < .001). Moreover, in the subgroup of total resections, both miRNAs remained prognosticators in univariate models adjusted to the clinical factors. CONCLUSION The proposed models might enable more accurate prediction of time to meningioma recurrence and thus determine optimal postoperative management. Moreover, combining this model with current knowledge of molecular processes underpinning recurrence could permit the identification of distinct meningioma subtypes and enable better-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanus Slavik
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Balik
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbkova
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alona Rehulkova
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vaverka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lumir Hrabalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Ehrmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Vidlarova
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Gurska
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kim H, Park KJ, Ryu BK, Park DH, Kong DS, Chong K, Chae YS, Chung YG, Park SI, Kang SH. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor is a key oncogenic driver of aggressive human meningioma progression. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:125-141. [PMID: 31179553 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aggressive meningioma remains incurable with neither chemo- nor targeted therapies proven effective, largely due to unidentified genetic alterations and/or aberrant oncogenic pathways driving the disease progression. In this study, we examined the expression and function of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor during meningioma progression. METHODS Human meningioma samples (n = 101) were collected, followed by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemical and progression-free survival (PFS) analyses. For in vitro assays, FOXM1 was overexpressed or knocked-down in benign (SF4433 and SF4068) or malignant (SF3061 and IOMM-Lee) human meningioma cell lines respectively. For in vivo studies, siomycin A (a FOXM1 inhibitor)-pretreated or control IOMM-Lee cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. RESULTS FOXM1 expression was increased in higher grades of meningioma and correlated with the mitotic index in the tumour tissue. Moreover, FOXM1 was increased in recurrent meningioma compared with the matched primary lesions. The patients who had higher FOXM1 expression had shorter PFS. In the subsequent in vitro assays, knockdown of FOXM1 in malignant meningioma cell lines resulted in decreased tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion, potentially via regulation of β-catenin, cyclin D1, p21, interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, PLAU, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes, whereas overexpression of FOXM1 in benign meningioma cell lines had the opposite effects. Last, suppression of FOXM1 using a pharmacological inhibitor, siomycin A, decreased tumour growth in an in vivo mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that FOXM1 is a key transcription factor regulating oncogenic signalling pathways in meningioma progression, and a promising therapeutic target for aggressive meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-J Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-K Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-H Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-S Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Chong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-S Chae
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-G Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S I Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The BK21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Centre for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S-H Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Bai H, Chang Y, Li B, Mao Y, Jonas JB. Effects of lentivirus-mediated astrocyte elevated gene-1 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e397-e402. [PMID: 30694025 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) overexpression on the biological behaviour of human retinoblastoma (RB) cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS Three human RB cell lines (SO-RB50, Y79 and WERI-RB1) were infected with AEG-1-GFP recombinant lentiviral vectors to induce AEG-1 overexpression, while the cells infected with negative lentiviral vectors and cells without any intervention formed control groups. RESULTS All three RB cell lines showed an overexpression of AEG-1 after lentivirus infection (p < 0.001 for all three cell lines). The survival rate of RB cells increased (all p < 0.001) in the AEG-1 overexpressed groups when compared with the control groups. There was a decrease in G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest and an accumulation in G2/M cell cycle phase in all three RB cell lines (p < 0.001), with an induction in the S phase in WERI-RB1 cells. It was paralleled by a downregulation of p21 and p27 proteins and an upregulation of the Cdc2 protein. The apoptosis rate of RB cells declined (p < 0.001) when AEG-1 was overexpressed, in association with an upregulation of Bcl-2 protein and a downregulation of Bax protein and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. CONCLUSIONS A lentivirus-mediated AEG-1 overexpression in RB cells led in vitro to a growth promotion and an apoptosis inhibition of human RB cells, associated with an upregulation of the Bcl-2 protein, a downregulation of the Bax protein and of cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and with alterations of the cell cycle. AEG-1 may be involved in the development and progression of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Bai
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Ying Chang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanxi Eye Hospital; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Bin Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Ying Mao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
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Astrocyte elevated gene-1 promotes tumour growth and invasion by inducing EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15447. [PMID: 29133850 PMCID: PMC5684276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common human malignancy with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Although astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) expression is up-regulated in various human cancers and plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumour progression, the impact of AEG-1 on the development and progression of OSCC remains unclear. Accordingly, this study aims to clarify the biological significance of AEG-1 in OSCC. We found AEG-1 to be overexpressed in OSCC tissues compared to normal oral mucosa. Knockdown or overexpression of AEG-1 in OSCC cell lines showed that AEG-1 is important for tumour growth, apoptosis, drug tolerance, and maintaining epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, in a xenograft-mouse model generated by AEG-1-overexpressing SCC15 cells, we found that higher expression of AEG-1 promoted tumour growth, angiogenesis, and EMT in vivo. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of AEG-1 in regulating OSCC tumour growth, apoptosis, drug tolerance, and invasion, as well as AEG-1-induced activation of p38 and NF-κB signalling, suggesting that AEG-1 is an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Li H, Zhao J. let-7d suppresses proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis of meningioma by targeting AEG-1. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4895-4904. [PMID: 29070952 PMCID: PMC5640403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s141008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND let-7d has been indicated to act as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, the function and molecular mechanism of let-7d in meningioma progression have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of let-7d and AEG-1 mRNA in meningioma tissues and cell lines. The protein level of AEG-1 was measured by Western blot analysis. MTT assay, Transwell invasion assay and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to determine the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of IOMM-Lee and CH-157MN cells, respectively. Target gene of let-7d was verified by luciferase reporter analysis. RESULTS let-7d expression was downregulated, and AEG-1 expression was upregulated in meningioma tumor tissues. let-7d overexpression suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis in IOMM-Lee and CH-157MN cells. Moreover, AEG-1 was a direct target of let-7d. Restoration of AEG-1 expression reversed let-7d-mediated suppression of the proliferation and invasion and let-7d-induced apoptosis in IOMM-Lee and CH-157MN cells. CONCLUSION let-7d repressed proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis of meningioma cells by targeting AEG-1. The present study provided a better understanding of the meningioma pathogenesis and a promising therapeutic target for meningioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
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Pan Y, Guo X, Yang Z, Chen S, Lei Y, Lin M, Wang L, Feng C, Ke Z. AEG-1 activates Wnt/PCP signaling to promote metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2093-104. [PMID: 26689985 PMCID: PMC4811518 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, survival among patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) and cervical lymph node metastasis remains dismal. Here, we estimated the functional effect of AEG-1 on TSCC metastasis and explored the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We initially found that AEG-1 mRNA levels were much higher in metastatic TSCC than in non-metastatic TSCC and that AEG-1 expression strongly correlates with EMT status. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the combined AEG-1 and EMT statuses are predictive of the survival rate among TSCC patients. In addition, AEG-1 knockdown inhibited EMT in cultured TSCC cell lines and in a xenograft-mouse model. Recombinant AEG-1 activated Wnt/PCP-Rho signaling, and its stimulatory effects on TSCC cell invasiveness and EMT were reversed by an anti-Wnt5a neutralizing antibody or by inhibition of Rac1 or ROCK. These results highlight the critical stimulatory effect of AEG-1 on cancer cell invasiveness and EMT and indicate that AEG-1 may be a useful prognostic biomarker for TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Yiyan Lei
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Chongjin Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
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Ge Y, Xu K. Alpha-synuclein contributes to malignant progression of human meningioma via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 27895530 PMCID: PMC5109801 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) in benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas and determine its role in the malignant progression of meningiomas. METHODS Expression of α-synuclein was measured in 44 meningioma samples by real-time PCR analysis. The effects of overexpression or knockdown of α-synuclein on meningioma cell growth, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity were determined. RESULTS Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas displayed significantly greater levels of α-synuclein mRNA, relative to benign tumors. Depletion of α-synuclein decreased cell proliferation and colony formation and promoted apoptosis in IOMM-Lee meningioma cells, whereas overexpression of α-synuclein facilitated cell proliferation and colony formation in CH-157MN meningioma cells. Silencing of α-synuclein attenuated IOMM-Lee cell migration and invasion. In contrast, ectopic expression of α-synuclein increased the invasiveness of CH-157MN cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated that downregulation of α-synuclein significantly retarded meningioma growth in nude mice. At the molecular level, the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP were significantly decreased in α-synuclein-depleted IOMM-Lee cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, α-synuclein upregulation contributes to aggressive phenotypes of meningiomas via the Akt/mTOR pathway and thus represents a potential therapeutic target for malignant meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
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Emdad L, Das SK, Hu B, Kegelman T, Kang DC, Lee SG, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC: A Promiscuous Protein Partner Critical in Cancer, Obesity, and CNS Diseases. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:97-132. [PMID: 27451125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its original discovery in 2002, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a primary regulator of several diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a key contributory molecule in almost every aspect of cancer progression, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, increased cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Additionally, recent studies highlight a seminal role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. By interacting with multiple protein partners, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. This review discusses the current state of understanding of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC regulation and function in cancer and other diseases with a focus on its association/interaction with several pivotal protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - S K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - B Hu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - T Kegelman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - D-C Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - P B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Lentivirus-Mediated Knockdown of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis through MAPK Pathways in Human Retinoblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148763. [PMID: 26894431 PMCID: PMC4760765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore expression and function of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in human retinoblastoma (RB). Methods The expression of AEG-1 in histological sections of human RBs and in RB cell lines was examined using immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. We knocked down AEG-1 gene levels by AEG-1-siRNA lentivirus transfection of human RB cell lines SO-RB50 and Y79, and using an MTT assay, we assessed the role of AEG-1 on RB cell proliferation. The biological significance of lentivirus transfection induced AEG-1 down-regulation was examined by assessing the apoptosis rate in the transfected RB cells by Annexin V-APC staining and flow cytometry. We additionally measured the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-3, and the phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation alternation of MAPKs. Results AEG-1 expression was detected to be strongly positive in the histological slides of 35 out of 54 (65%) patients with RB. AEG-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.05) with tumor stage. In the RB cell lines SO-RB50, Y79 and WERI-RB1 as compared with retinal pigment epithelium cells, expression of AEG-1 mRNA and AEG-1 protein was significantly higher. In AEG-1-siRNA lentivirus transfected cell cultures as compared with negative control lentivirus transfected cell cultures, levels of AEG-1 mRNA and of AEG-1 protein (P<0.05) and cell growth rates (P<0.01) were significantly lower, and apoptosis rate (P<0.001), Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved-caspase-3 protein level were significantly increased. The P-ERK/ERK ratio was significantly decreased in the AEG-1-siRNA lentivirus transfected cell lines. Conclusions Expression of AEG-1 was associated with RB, in histological slides of patients and in cell culture experiments. Lentivirus transfection induced knockdown of AEG-1 had a tumor suppressive effect, potentially by tumor cell apoptosis induction through inhibition of ERK.
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Li P, Hao S, Bi Z, Zhang J, Wu Z, Ren X. Methylation of Werner syndrome protein is associated with the occurrence and development of invasive meningioma via the regulation of Myc and p53 expression. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:498-502. [PMID: 26622343 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the positive rate of Werner syndrome protein (WRN) methylation in meningioma patients, and further assess the association between WRN methylation and the occurrence of meningioma. A total of 56 consecutive meningioma patients and 26 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the positive rate of WRN methylation in the peripheral blood and tissue samples collected from the recruited subjects. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels of WRN, Myc and p53 in the peripheral blood and tissue samples. The positive rate of WRN methylation in the peripheral blood of the meningioma group was increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the protein expression levels of WRN were significantly decreased in the peripheral blood and tissue samples collected from the individuals with a positive WRN methylation status (P<0.05), as compared with the samples without WRN methylation. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Myc and p53 were increased in the peripheral blood and tissue samples that exhibited positive WRN methylation when compared with those without WRN methylation (P<0.05). Therefore, WRN methylation was demonstrated to be associated with the occurrence and development of invasive meningioma, possibly through the regulation of Myc and p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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