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Rudà R, Horbinski C, van den Bent M, Preusser M, Soffietti R. IDH inhibition in gliomas: from preclinical models to clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2024:10.1038/s41582-024-00967-7. [PMID: 38760442 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and cannot usually be cured with standard cancer treatments. Gliomas show intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity at the histological and molecular levels, and they frequently contain mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 gene. IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas are subdivided into grade 2, 3 or 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and grade 2 or 3 IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. The product of the mutated IDH genes, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), induces global DNA hypermethylation and interferes with immunity, leading to stimulation of tumour growth. Selective inhibitors of mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been shown to reduce D-2-HG levels and induce cellular differentiation in preclinical models and to induce MRI-detectable responses in early clinical trials. The phase III INDIGO trial has demonstrated superiority of vorasidenib, a brain-penetrant pan-mutant IDH inhibitor, over placebo in people with non-enhancing grade 2 IDH-mutant gliomas following surgery. In this Review, we describe the pathway of development of IDH inhibitors in IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas from preclinical models to clinical trials. We discuss the practice-changing implications of the INDIGO trial and consider new avenues of investigation in the field of IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumour Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Li Z, Chen J, Kong Z, Shi Y, Xu M, Mu BS, Li N, Ma W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liu Z. A bis-boron boramino acid PET tracer for brain tumor diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1703-1712. [PMID: 38191817 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boramino acids are a class of amino acid biomimics that replace the carboxylate group with trifluoroborate and can achieve the 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with identical chemical structure. METHODS This study reports a trifluoroborate-derived boronophenylalanine (BBPA), a derived boronophenylalanine (BPA) for BNCT, as a promising PET tracer for tumor imaging. RESULTS Competition inhibition assays in cancer cells suggested the cell accumulation of [18F]BBPA is through large neutral amino acid transporter type-1 (LAT-1). Of note, [18F]BBPA is a pan-cancer probe that shows notable tumor uptake in B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice. In the patients with gliomas and metastatic brain tumors, [18F]BBPA-PET shows good tumor uptake and notable tumor-to-normal brain ratio (T/N ratio, 18.7 ± 5.5, n = 11), higher than common amino acid PET tracers. The [18F]BBPA-PET quantitative parameters exhibited no difference in diverse contrast-enhanced status (P = 0.115-0.687) suggesting the [18F]BBPA uptake was independent from MRI contrast-enhancement. CONCLUSION This study outlines a clinical trial with [18F]BBPA to achieve higher tumor-specific accumulation for PET, provides a potential technique for brain tumor diagnosis, and might facilitate the BNCT of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Shuai Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
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Ninatti G, Moresco RM, Sollini M. Molecular imaging of IDH-mutant gliomas in the new era of IDH inhibitors: preparing for future challenges. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1421-1422. [PMID: 38191815 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Ninatti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Sollini
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Lai TH, Wenzel B, Dukić-Stefanović S, Teodoro R, Arnaud L, Maisonial-Besset A, Weber V, Moldovan RP, Meister S, Pietzsch J, Kopka K, Juratli TA, Deuther-Conrad W, Toussaint M. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [ 18F]AG-120 for PET imaging of the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1085-1096. [PMID: 37982850 PMCID: PMC10881675 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioma are clinically challenging tumors due to their location and invasiveness nature, which often hinder complete surgical resection. The evaluation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status has become crucial for effective patient stratification. Through a transdisciplinary approach, we have developed an 18F-labeled ligand for non-invasive assessment of the IDH1R132H variant by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this study, we have successfully prepared diastereomerically pure [18F]AG-120 by copper-mediated radiofluorination of the stannyl precursor 6 on a TRACERlab FX2 N radiosynthesis module. In vitro internalization studies demonstrated significantly higher uptake of [18F]AG-120 in U251 human high-grade glioma cells with stable overexpression of mutant IDH1 (IDH1R132H) compared to their wild-type IDH1 counterpart (0.4 vs. 0.013% applied dose/µg protein at 120 min). In vivo studies conducted in mice, exhibited the excellent metabolic stability of [18F]AG-120, with parent fractions of 85% and 91% in plasma and brain at 30 min p.i., respectively. Dynamic PET studies with [18F]AG-120 in naïve mice and orthotopic glioma rat model reveal limited blood-brain barrier permeation along with a low uptake in the brain tumor. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in uptake between mutant IDH1R132H and wild-type IDH1 tumors (tumor-to-blood ratio[40-60 min]: ~1.7 vs. ~1.3). In conclusion, our preclinical evaluation demonstrated a target-specific internalization of [18F]AG-120 in vitro, a high metabolic stability in vivo in mice, and a slightly higher accumulation of activity in IDH1R132H-glioma compared to IDH1-glioma. Overall, our findings contribute to advancing the field of molecular imaging and encourage the evaluation of [18F]AG-120 to improve diagnosis and management of glioma and other IDH1R132H-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Lai
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucie Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Weber
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Inserm, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tareq A Juratli
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Chen Q, Wang K, Ren X, Zhao X, Chen Q, Fan D, Zhang S, Li X, Ai L. Individualized discrimination of tumor progression from treatment-related changes in different types of adult-type diffuse gliomas using [ 11C]methionine PET. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:547-559. [PMID: 38095773 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the ability of [11C]methionine (MET) PET in distinguishing between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related changes (TRCs) among different types of adult-type diffuse gliomas according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification and predict overall survival (OS). METHODS We retrospectively selected 113 patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas with suspected TP who underwent MET PET imaging. Maximum and mean tumor-to-background ratios (TBRmax, TBRmean) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were calculated. Diagnoses were verified by histopathology (n = 50) or by clinical/radiological follow-up (n = 63). The diagnostic performance of MET PET parameters was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC) calculation. Survival analysis employed the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression. RESULTS TP and TRCs were diagnosed in 76 (67%) and 37 (33%) patients, respectively. ROC analysis revealed TBRmax had the best performance in differentiating TP from TRCs with a cut-off of 1.96 in IDH-mutant astrocytoma (AUC, 0.87; sensitivity, 93%; specificity 69%), 1.80 in IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma (AUC, 0.96; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 89%), and 2.13 in IDH wild-type glioblastoma (AUC, 0.89; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 78%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, higher TBRmean and MTV were significantly correlated with shorter OS in all IDH-mutant gliomas, as well as in IDH-mutant astrocytoma subgroup. CONCLUSION This work confirms that MET PET has varying diagnostic performances in distinguishing TP from TRCs within three types of adult-type diffuse gliomas, and highlights its high diagnostic accuracy in IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma and potential prognostic value for IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly IDH-mutant astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 West Road of South 4th Ring, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
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Juratli TA, Jungk C, Miller JJ. Journal of Neuro Oncology: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of IDH mutations in gliomas following the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors. J Neurooncol 2023; 162:457-459. [PMID: 37212938 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq A Juratli
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie J Miller
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Galldiks N, Lohmann P, Fink GR, Langen KJ. Amino Acid PET in Neurooncology. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:693-700. [PMID: 37055222 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, several amino acid PET tracers have been used to optimize diagnostics in patients with brain tumors. In clinical routine, the most important clinical indications for amino acid PET in brain tumor patients are differentiation of neoplasm from nonneoplastic etiologies, delineation of tumor extent for further diagnostic and treatment planning (i.e., diagnostic biopsy, resection, or radiotherapy), differentiation of treatment-related changes such as pseudoprogression or radiation necrosis after radiation or chemoradiation from tumor progression at follow-up, and assessment of response to anticancer therapy, including prediction of patient outcome. This continuing education article addresses the diagnostic value of amino acid PET for patients with either glioblastoma or metastatic brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Galldiks
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Philipp Lohmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Germany; and
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Neumaier F, Zlatopolskiy BD, Neumaier B. Mutated Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (mIDH) as Target for PET Imaging in Gliomas. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072890. [PMID: 37049661 PMCID: PMC10096429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. A diffuse infiltrative growth pattern and high resistance to therapy make them largely incurable, but there are significant differences in the prognosis of patients with different subtypes of glioma. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) have been recognized as an important biomarker for glioma classification and a potential therapeutic target. However, current clinical methods for detecting mutated IDH (mIDH) require invasive tissue sampling and cannot be used for follow-up examinations or longitudinal studies. PET imaging could be a promising approach for non-invasive assessment of the IDH status in gliomas, owing to the availability of various mIDH-selective inhibitors as potential leads for the development of PET tracers. In the present review, we summarize the rationale for the development of mIDH-selective PET probes, describe their potential applications beyond the assessment of the IDH status and highlight potential challenges that may complicate tracer development. In addition, we compile the major chemical classes of mIDH-selective inhibitors that have been described to date and briefly consider possible strategies for radiolabeling of the most promising candidates. Where available, we also summarize previous studies with radiolabeled analogs of mIDH inhibitors and assess their suitability for PET imaging in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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