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Zheng AR, Wei CK, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Gut modulatory effects of flaxseed derived Maillard reaction products in Sprague-Dawley rats during sub-chronic toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tevzadze G, Barbakadze T, Kvergelidze E, Zhuravliova E, Shanshiashvili L, Mikeladze D. Gut neurotoxin p-cresol induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and increases the expression of neurofilament subunits in PC-12 cells. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 9:12-23. [PMID: 35434277 PMCID: PMC8941194 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Increased p-cresol levels reportedly alter brain dopamine metabolism and exacerbate neurological disorders in experimental animals. In contrast to toxic concentrations, low doses of p-cresol may have distinct effects on neuronal metabolism. However, the role of p-cresol in synapse remodeling, neurite outgrowth, and other anabolic processes in neurons remains elusive. We propose that low doses of p-cresol affect neuronal cell structural remodeling compared with the high concentration-mediated harmful effects. Thus, the effects of p-cresol on the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurofilament subunit expression were examined using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12 cells). We observed that low doses of p-cresol potentiated nerve growth factor-induced differentiation via secretion of BDNF in cultured PC-12 cells. Opioidergic compounds modulated these p-cresol effects, which were reversed by oxytocin. We propose that this effect of p-cresol has an adaptive and compensatory character and can be attributed to the induction of oxidative stress. Accordingly, we hypothesize that low doses of p-cresol induce mild oxidative stress, stimulating BDNF release by activating redox-sensitive genes. Given that the intestinal microbiome is the primary source of endogenous p-cresol, the balance between gut microbiome strains (especially Clostridium species) and opioidergic compounds may directly influence neuroplasticity.</p>
</abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Tevzadze
- 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Tamar Barbakadze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Elisabed Kvergelidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Lali Shanshiashvili
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
- * Correspondence: ; Tel.: +995577421170
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Tevzadze G, Zhuravliova E, Barbakadze T, Shanshiashvili L, Dzneladze D, Nanobashvili Z, Lordkipanidze T, Mikeladze D. Gut neurotoxin p-cresol induces differential expression of GLUN2B and GLUN2A subunits of the NMDA receptor in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in healthy and audiogenic seizure-prone rats. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:30-42. [PMID: 32455164 PMCID: PMC7242059 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mislocalization and abnormal expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunits is observed in several brain disorders and pathological conditions. Recently, we have shown that intraperitoneal injection of the gut neurotoxin p-cresol induces autism-like behavior and accelerates seizure reactions in healthy and epilepsy-prone rats, respectively. In this study, we evaluated the expression of GLUN2B and GLUN2A NMDAR subunits, and assessed the activity of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Rac1 in the hippocampi and nucleus accumbens of healthy and epilepsy-prone rats following p-cresol administration. We have found that subchronic intraperitoneal injection of p-cresol induced differential expression of GLUN2B and GLUN2A between the two brain regions, and altered the GLUN2B/GLUN2A ratio, in rats in both groups. Moreover, p-cresol impaired CREB phosphorylation in both brain structures and stimulated Rac activity in the hippocampus. These data indicate that p-cresol differently modulates the expression of NMDAR subunits in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampi of healthy and epilepsy-prone rats. We propose that these differences are due to the specificity of interactions between dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Tevzadze
- 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Tamar Barbakadze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Lali Shanshiashvili
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Davit Dzneladze
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Zaqaria Nanobashvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Tamar Lordkipanidze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
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Effects of a Gut Microbiome Toxin, p-Cresol, on the Contents of the NMDA2B Receptor Subunit in the Nucl. Accumbens of Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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