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Lou Y, Ma J, Hu Y, Yao X, Liu Y, Wu M, Jia G, Chen Y, Chai R, Xia M, Li W. Integration of Functional Human Auditory Neural Circuits Based on a 3D Carbon Nanotube System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309617. [PMID: 38889308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The physiological interactions between the peripheral and central auditory systems are crucial for auditory information transmission and perception, while reliable models for auditory neural circuits are currently lacking. To address this issue, mouse and human neural pathways are generated by utilizing a carbon nanotube nanofiber system. The super-aligned pattern of the scaffold renders the axons of the bipolar and multipolar neurons extending in a parallel direction. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the scaffold maintains the electrophysiological activity of the primary mouse auditory neurons. The mouse and human primary neurons from peripheral and central auditory units in the system are then co-cultured and showed that the two kinds of neurons form synaptic connections. Moreover, neural progenitor cells of the cochlea and auditory cortex are derived from human embryos to generate region-specific organoids and these organoids are assembled in the nanofiber-combined 3D system. Using optogenetic stimulation, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, it is revealed that functional synaptic connections are formed between peripheral neurons and central neurons, as evidenced by calcium spiking and postsynaptic currents. The auditory circuit model will enable the study of the auditory neural pathway and advance the search for treatment strategies for disorders of neuronal connectivity in sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyao Ma
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaoqian Liu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gaogan Jia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Jacoby J, Kreitzer MA, Alford S, Malchow RP. Fluorescent imaging reports an extracellular alkalinization induced by glutamatergic activation of isolated retinal horizontal cells. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:1056-64. [PMID: 24335210 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00768.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidification induced by retinal horizontal cells has been hypothesized to underlie lateral feedback inhibition onto vertebrate photoreceptors. To test this hypothesis, the H(+)-sensitive fluorophore 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (HAF) was used to measure changes in H(+) from horizontal cells isolated from the retina of the catfish. HAF staining conditions were modified to minimize intracellular accumulation of HAF and maximize membrane-associated staining, and ratiometric fluorescent imaging of cells displaying primarily membrane-associated HAF fluorescence was conducted. Challenge of such HAF-labeled cells with glutamate or the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist kainate produced an increase in the fluorescence ratio, consistent with an alkalinization response of +0.12 pH units and +0.23 pH units, respectively. This alkalinization was blocked by the AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine, and lanthanum. The alkalinization reported by HAF was consistent with extracellular alkalinizations detected in previous studies using self-referencing H(+)-selective microelectrodes. The spatial distribution of the kainate-induced changes in extracellular H(+) was also examined. An overall global alkalinization around the cell was observed, with no obvious signs of discrete centers of acidification. Taken together, these data argue against the hypothesis that glutamatergic-induced efflux of protons from horizontal cells mediates lateral feedback inhibition in the outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jacoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Jacoby J, Kreitzer MA, Alford S, Qian H, Tchernookova BK, Naylor ER, Malchow RP. Extracellular pH dynamics of retinal horizontal cells examined using electrochemical and fluorometric methods. J Neurophysiol 2011; 107:868-79. [PMID: 22090459 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00878.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular H(+) has been hypothesized to mediate feedback inhibition from horizontal cells onto vertebrate photoreceptors. According to this hypothesis, depolarization of horizontal cells should induce extracellular acidification adjacent to the cell membrane. Experiments testing this hypothesis have produced conflicting results. Studies examining carp and goldfish horizontal cells loaded with the pH-sensitive dye 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (HAF) reported an extracellular acidification on depolarization by glutamate or potassium. However, investigations using H(+)-selective microelectrodes report an extracellular alkalinization on depolarization of skate and catfish horizontal cells. These studies differed in the species and extracellular pH buffer used and the presence or absence of cobalt. We used both techniques to examine H(+) changes from isolated catfish horizontal cells under identical experimental conditions (1 mM HEPES, no cobalt). HAF fluorescence indicated an acidification response to high extracellular potassium or glutamate. However, a clear extracellular alkalinization was found using H(+)-selective microelectrodes under the same conditions. Confocal microscopy revealed that HAF was not localized exclusively to the extracellular surface, but rather was detected throughout the intracellular compartment. A high degree of colocalization between HAF and the mitochondrion-specific dye MitoTracker was observed. When HAF fluorescence was monitored from optical sections from the center of a cell, glutamate produced an intracellular acidification. These results are consistent with a model in which depolarization allows calcium influx, followed by activation of a Ca(2+)/H(+) plasma membrane ATPase. Our results suggest that HAF is reporting intracellular pH changes and that depolarization of horizontal cells induces an extracellular alkalinization, which may relieve H(+)-mediated inhibition of photoreceptor synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jacoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Milograna SR, Bell FT, McNamara JC. Signal transduction, plasma membrane calcium movements, and pigment translocation in freshwater shrimp chromatophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 313:605-17. [PMID: 20683865 DOI: 10.1002/jez.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean color change results from the differential translocation of chromatophore pigments, regulated by neurosecretory peptides like red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) that, in the red ovarian chromatophores of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium olfersi, triggers pigment aggregation via increased cytosolic cGMP and Ca(2+) of both smooth endoplasmatic reticulum (SER) and extracellular origin. However, Ca(2+) movements during RPCH signaling and the mechanisms that regulate intracellular [Ca(2+)] are enigmatic. We investigate Ca(2+) transporters in the chromatophore plasma membrane and Ca(2+) movements that occur during RPCH signal transduction. Inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase by La(3+) and indirect inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger by ouabain induce pigment aggregation, revealing a role for both in Ca(2+) extrusion. Ca(2+) channel blockade by La(3+) or Cd(2+) strongly inhibits slow-phase RPCH-triggered aggregation during which pigments disperse spontaneously. L-type Ca(2+) channel blockade by gabapentin markedly reduces rapid-phase translocation velocity; N- or P/Q-type blockade by ω-conotoxin MVIIC strongly inhibits RPCH-triggered aggregation and reduces velocity, effects revealing RPCH-signaled influx of extracellular Ca(2+). Plasma membrane depolarization, induced by increasing external K(+) from 5 to 50 mM, produces Ca(2+)-dependent pigment aggregation, whereas removal of K(+) from the perfusate causes pigment hyperdispersion, disclosing a clear correlation between membrane depolarization and pigment aggregation; K(+) channel blockade by Ba(2+) also partially inhibits RPCH action. We suggest that, during RPCH signal transduction, Ca(2+) released from the SER, together with K(+) channel closure, causes chromatophore membrane depolarization, leading to the opening of predominantly N- and/or P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, and a Ca(2+)/cGMP cascade, resulting in pigment aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ribeiro Milograna
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Meunier N, Marion-Poll F, Lucas P. Water taste transduction pathway is calcium dependent in Drosophila. Chem Senses 2009; 34:441-9. [PMID: 19386695 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, detection of osmolarity by the gustatory system was overlooked until recently. In insects, specific taste receptor neurons detect hypoosmotic stimuli and are commonly called "W" (water) cells. W cells are easy to access in vivo and represent a good model to study the transduction of hypoosmotic stimuli. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in Drosophila, we show that tarsal W cell firing activity depends on the concentration of external calcium bathing the dendrite. This dependence was confirmed by the strong inhibition of W cell responses to hypoosmotic stimuli by lanthanum (IC(50) = 8 nM), an ion known to inhibit calcium-permeable channels. Downstream, the transduction pathway likely involves calmodulin because calmodulin antagonists such as W-7 (IC(50) = 2 microM) and fluphenazine (IC(50) = 30 microM) prevented the activation of the W cell by hypoosmotic stimuli. A protein kinase C (PKC) may also be involved as W cell responses were blocked by PKC inhibitors, chelerythrine (IC(50) = 20 microM) and staurosporine (IC(50) = 30 microM). It was also reduced when expressing an inhibitory pseudosubstrate of PKC in gustatory receptor neurons. In the rat, the transduction pathway underlying low osmolarity detection involves aquaporin and swelling-activated ion channels. Our study suggests that the transduction pathway of hypoosmotic stimuli in insects differs from mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Meunier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, 1272 Physiologie de l'Insecte-Signalisation et Communication, Versailles, France.
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Alshuaib WB, Mathew MV. Vitamins C and E Modulate Neuronal Potassium Currents. J Membr Biol 2006; 210:193-8. [PMID: 16909341 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-006-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of vitamins C and E on the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IK(DR)), which is important in repolarizing the membrane potential, and on the transient A-type potassium current (IK(A)), which regulates neuronal firing frequency. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure the currents from cultured Drosophila neurons derived from embryonic neuroblasts. The membrane potential was stepped to different voltages between -40 and +60 mV from a holding potential of -80 mV. IK(DR) and IK(A) measured in the vitamin C-containing solution (IK(DR) 305 +/- 16 pA, IK(A) 11 +/- 2 pA) were smaller than those measured in the control solution (488 +/- 21 pA, IK(A )28 +/- 3 pA). By contrast, IK(DR) and IK(A) measured in the vitamin E-containing solution (IK(DR) 561 +/- 21 pA, IK(A )31 +/- 3 pA) were greater than those measured in the control solution (422 +/- 15 pA, 17 +/- 2 pA). These results indicate that vitamins C and E can modulate potassium current amplitudes and possibly lead to altered neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed B Alshuaib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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