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Weig BC, Richardson JR, Lowndes HE, Reuhl KR. Trimethyltin intoxication induces the migration of ventricular/subventricular zone cells to the injured murine hippocampus. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:72-80. [PMID: 27045884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the postnatal decline of cell proliferation in the mammalian central nervous system, the adult brain retains progenitor cells with stem cell-like properties in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Brain injury can stimulate proliferation and redirect the migration pattern of SVZ precursor cells to the injury site. Sublethal exposure to the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) causes dose-dependent necrosis and apoptosis in the hippocampus dentate gyrus and increases SGZ stem cell proliferation to generate new granule cells. To determine whether SVZ cells also contribute to the repopulation of the TMT-damaged dentate gyrus, 6-8 week old male C3H mice were injected with the carbocyanine dye spDiI and bromodeoxyuridine (80mg/kg; ip.) to label ventricular cells prior to TMT exposure. The presence of labeled cells in hippocampus was determined 7 and 28days after TMT exposure. No significant change in the number of BrdU(+) and spDiI(+) cells was observed in the dentate gyrus 7days after TMT treatment. However, 28days after TMT treatment there was a 3-4 fold increase in the number of spDiI-labeled cells in the hippocampal hilus and dentate gyrus. Few spDiI(+) cells stained positive for the mature phenotypic markers NeuN or GFAP, suggesting they may represent undifferentiated cells. A small percentage of migrating cells were BrdU(+)/spDiI(+), indicating some newly produced, SVZ- derived precursors migrated to the hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest that TMT-induced injury of the hippocampus can stimulate the migration of ventricular zone-derived cells to injured dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair C Weig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Herbert E Lowndes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Kenneth R Reuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy and Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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Abeysinghe HCS, Bokhari L, Quigley A, Choolani M, Chan J, Dusting GJ, Crook JM, Kobayashi NR, Roulston CL. Pre-differentiation of human neural stem cells into GABAergic neurons prior to transplant results in greater repopulation of the damaged brain and accelerates functional recovery after transient ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:186. [PMID: 26420220 PMCID: PMC4588906 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite attempts to prevent brain injury during the hyperacute phase of stroke, most sufferers end up with significant neuronal loss and functional deficits. The use of cell-based therapies to recover the injured brain offers new hope. In the current study, we employed human neural stem cells (hNSCs) isolated from subventricular zone (SVZ), and directed their differentiation into GABAergic neurons followed by transplantation to ischemic brain. METHODS Pre-differentiated GABAergic neurons, undifferentiated SVZ-hNSCs or media alone were stereotaxically transplanted into the rat brain (n=7/group) 7 days after endothelin-1 induced stroke. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurological deficit scores and the cylinder test. Transplanted cell survival, cellular phenotype and maturation were assessed using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Behavioral assessments revealed accelerated improvements in motor function 7 days post-transplant in rats treated with pre-differentiated GABAergic cells in comparison to media alone and undifferentiated hNSC treated groups. Histopathology 28 days-post transplant indicated that pre-differentiated cells maintained their GABAergic neuronal phenotype, showed evidence of synaptogenesis and up-regulated expression of both GABA and calcium signaling proteins associated with neurotransmission. Rats treated with pre-differentiated cells also showed increased neurogenic activity within the SVZ at 28 days, suggesting an additional trophic role of these GABAergic cells. In contrast, undifferentiated SVZ-hNSCs predominantly differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes and appeared to be incorporated into the glial scar. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show enhanced exogenous repopulation of a neuronal phenotype after stroke using techniques aimed at GABAergic cell induction prior to delivery that resulted in accelerated and improved functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima C S Abeysinghe
- Neurotrauma Research Team, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Level 4, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Laita Bokhari
- Neurotrauma Research Team, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Level 4, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Anita Quigley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia.
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jerry Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Cytoprotection Pharmacology Program, Centre for Eye Research, The Royal Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Opthamology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Nao R Kobayashi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia
| | - Carli L Roulston
- Neurotrauma Research Team, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Level 4, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Corvino V, Marchese E, Podda MV, Lattanzi W, Giannetti S, Di Maria V, Cocco S, Grassi C, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The neurogenic effects of exogenous neuropeptide Y: early molecular events and long-lasting effects in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88294. [PMID: 24516629 PMCID: PMC3917853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous neurogenesis is regarded as a promising challenge in neuroprotection. In the rat model of hippocampal neurodegeneration obtained by Trimethyltin (TMT) administration (8 mg/kg), characterised by selective pyramidal cell loss, enhanced neurogenesis, seizures and cognitive impairment, we previously demonstrated a proliferative role of exogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY), on dentate progenitors in the early phases of neurodegeneration. To investigate the functional integration of newly-born neurons, here we studied in adult rats the long-term effects of intracerebroventricular administration of NPY (2 µg/2 µl, 4 days after TMT-treatment), which plays an adjuvant role in neurodegeneration and epilepsy. Our results indicate that 30 days after NPY administration the number of new neurons was still higher in TMT+NPY-treated rats than in control+saline group. As a functional correlate of the integration of new neurons into the hippocampal network, long-term potentiation recorded in Dentate Gyrus (DG) in the absence of GABAA receptor blockade was higher in the TMT+NPY-treated group than in all other groups. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of Kruppel-like factor 9, a transcription factor essential for late-phase maturation of neurons in the DG, and of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, critically involved in the maturation and dendrite extension of newly-born neurons, revealed a significant up-regulation of both genes in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups. To explore the early molecular events activated by NPY administration, the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, which participates in the maintenance of the neurogenic hippocampal niche, was evaluated by qPCR 1, 3 and 5 days after NPY-treatment. An early significant up-regulation of Shh expression was detected in TMT+NPY-treated rats compared with all other groups, associated with a modulation of downstream genes. Our data indicate that the neurogenic effect of NPY administration during TMT-induced neurodegeneration involves early Shh pathway activation and results in a functional integration of newly-generated neurons into the local circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Neuroprotective strategies in hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by the neurotoxicant trimethyltin. Neurochem Res 2012. [PMID: 23179590 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subpopulations to trimethyltin (TMT), an organotin compound with neurotoxicant effects selectively involving the limbic system and especially marked in the hippocampus, makes it useful to obtain in vivo models of neurodegeneration associated with behavioural alterations, such as hyperactivity and aggression, cognitive impairment as well as temporal lobe epilepsy. TMT has been widely used to study neuronal and glial factors involved in selective neuronal death, as well as the molecular mechanisms leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration (including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress). It also offers a valuable instrument to study the cell-cell interactions and signalling pathways that modulate injury-induced neurogenesis, including the involvement of newly generated neurons in the possible repair processes. Since TMT appears to be a useful tool to damage the brain and study the various responses to damage, this review summarises current data from in vivo and in vitro studies on neuroprotective strategies to counteract TMT-induced neuronal death, that may be useful to elucidate the role of putative candidates for translational medical research on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Bantubungi K, Blum D, Cuvelier L, Wislet-Gendebien S, Rogister B, Brouillet E, Schiffmann SN. Stem cell factor and mesenchymal and neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 37:454-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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