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Bradner JM, Kalia V, Lau FK, Sharma M, Bucher ML, Johnson M, Chen M, Walker DI, Jones DP, Miller GW. Genetic or Toxicant-Induced Disruption of Vesicular Monoamine Storage and Global Metabolic Profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:313-324. [PMID: 33538833 PMCID: PMC8041460 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper storage and release of monoamines contributes to a wide range of neuronal activity. Here, we examine the effects of altered vesicular monoamine transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene cat-1 is responsible for the encoding of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) in C. elegans and is analogous to the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Our laboratory has previously shown that reduced VMAT2 activity confers vulnerability on catecholamine neurons in mice. The purpose of this article was to determine whether this function is conserved and to determine the impact of reduced VMAT activity in C. elegans. Here we show that deletion of cat-1/VMAT increases sensitivity to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as measured by enhanced degeneration of dopamine neurons. Reduced cat-1/VMAT also induces changes in dopamine-mediated behaviors. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the whole organism reveals changes in amino acid metabolism, including tyrosine metabolism in the cat-1/VMAT mutants. Treatment with MPP+ disrupted tryptophan metabolism. Both conditions altered glycerophospholipid metabolism, suggesting a convergent pathway of neuronal dysfunction. Our results demonstrate the evolutionarily conserved nature of monoamine function in C. elegans and further suggest that high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can be used in this model to study environmental and genetic contributors to complex human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Fion K Lau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Merry Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Geiszler PC, Ugun-Klusek A, Lawler K, Pardon MC, Yuchun D, Bai L, Daykin CA, Auer DP, Bedford L. Dynamic metabolic patterns tracking neurodegeneration and gliosis following 26S proteasome dysfunction in mouse forebrain neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4833. [PMID: 29555943 PMCID: PMC5859111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling is an important tool that may better capture the multiple features of neurodegeneration. With the considerable parallels between mouse and human metabolism, the use of metabolomics in mouse models with neurodegenerative pathology provides mechanistic insight and ready translation into aspects of human disease. Using 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy we have carried out a temporal region-specific investigation of the metabolome of neuron-specific 26S proteasome knockout mice characterised by progressive neurodegeneration and Lewy-like inclusion formation in the forebrain. An early significant decrease in N-acetyl aspartate revealed evidence of neuronal dysfunction before cell death that may be associated with changes in brain neuroenergetics, underpinning the use of this metabolite to track neuronal health. Importantly, we show early and extensive activation of astrocytes and microglia in response to targeted neuronal dysfunction in this context, but only late changes in myo-inositol; the best established glial cell marker in magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, supporting recent evidence that additional early neuroinflammatory markers are needed. Our results extend the limited understanding of metabolite changes associated with gliosis and provide evidence that changes in glutamate homeostasis and lactate may correlate with astrocyte activation and have biomarker potential for tracking neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine C Geiszler
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Lawler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ding Yuchun
- School of Computing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Li Bai
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare A Daykin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Metaboconsult UK, Heanor, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Dorothee P Auer
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Lynn Bedford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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3
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Workflow methodology for rat brain metabolome exploration using NMR, LC–MS and GC–MS analytical platforms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:270-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling Reveals Neurochemical Alterations in the Brain of Rats Treated with Sorafenib. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:290-301. [PMID: 26233726 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib, an active multi-kinase inhibitor, has been widely used as a chemotherapy drug to treat advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients. In spite of the relative safety, sorafenib has been shown to exert a negative impact on cognitive functioning in cancer patients, specifically on learning and memory; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, an NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the neurochemical effects of sorafenib in rats. Male rats were once daily administrated with 120 mg/kg sorafenib by gavage for 3, 7, and 28 days, respectively. NMR-based metabolomics coupled with histopathology examinations for hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum were performed. The (1)H NMR spectra data were analyzed by using multivariate pattern recognition techniques to show the time-dependent biochemical variations induced by sorafenib. Excellent separation was obtained and distinguishing metabolites were observed between sorafenib-treated and control rats. A total of 36 differential metabolites in hippocampus of rats treated with sorafenib were identified, some of which were significantly changed. Furthermore, these modified metabolites mainly reflected the disturbances in neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, membrane, and amino acids. However, only a few metabolites in PFC and striatum were altered by sorafenib. Additionally, no apparent histological changes in these three brain regions were observed in sorafenib-treated rats. Together, our findings demonstrate the disturbed metabonomics pathways, especially, in hippocampus, which may underlie the sorafenib-induced cognitive deficits in patients. This work also shows the advantage of NMR-based metabolomics over traditional approach on the study of biochemical effects of drugs.
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Lu Z, Wang J, Li M, Liu Q, Wei D, Yang M, Kong L. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics study on a goldfish model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Chem Biol Interact 2014; 223:18-26. [PMID: 25242684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A goldfish (Carassius auratus) model of Parkinson's disease (PD) was constructed by a single dose of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) according to previously reported methods. Global metabolite changes in brain of the MPTP induced goldfish model of PD were investigated. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics combined with various statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and two-dimensional statistical total correlation spectroscopy (2D-STOCSY) found significant increase of leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, alanylalanine, creatinine, myo-inositol, 18:2 fatty acid, total fatty acids, arachic alcohol, taurine and significant decrease of N-acetylaspartate, (phospho)creatine, (phospho)choline, betaine, glutamine, 3-hexenedioate, acetamide, malonate, isocitrate, scyllo-inositol, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterols, n-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in brain of MPTP induced PD goldfish. These disturbed metabolite levels were involved in oxidative stress, energy failure, neuronal cell injury and death, consistent with those observed in clinical PD patients, and rodents and primates model of PD, indicating that the acute MPTP model of goldfish was an ideal and valuable model for PD research. In addition, several unusual metabolites in brain were significantly changed between MPTP induced PD and control goldfish, which might also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. This study also demonstrated the applicability and potential of (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach for evaluation of animal models of disease induced by chemicals, such as MPTP-induced PD goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Li H, Chen B, Shao X, Hu Z, Deng Y, Zhu R, Li Y, Zhang B, Hou J, Du C, Zhao Q, Fu D, Bu Q, Zhao Y, Cen X. 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic analysis of brain in mice with nicotine treatment. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:32. [PMID: 24558969 PMCID: PMC3936859 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is rapidly absorbed from cigarette smoke and therefore induces a number of chronic illnesses with the widespread use of tobacco products. Studies have shown a few cerebral metabolites modified by nicotine; however, endogenous metabolic profiling in brain has not been well explored. Results H NMR-based on metabonomics was applied to investigate the endogenous metabolic profiling of brain hippocampus, nucleus acumens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. We found that nicotine significantly increased CPP in mice, and some specific cerebral metabolites differentially changed in nicotine-treated mice. These modified metabolites included glutamate, acetylcholine, tryptamine, glucose, lactate, creatine, 3-hydroxybutyrate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which was closely associated with neurotransmitter and energy source. Additionally, glutathione and taurine in hippocampus and striatum, phosphocholine in PFC and glycerol in NAc were significantly modified by nicotine, implying the dysregulation of anti-oxidative stress response and membrane metabolism. Conclusions Nicotine induces significant metabonomic alterations in brain, which are involved in neurotransmitter disturbance, energy metabolism dysregulation, anti-oxidation and membrane function disruptions, as well as amino acid metabolism imbalance. These findings provide a new insight into rewarding effects of nicotine and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28# Gaopeng Avenue, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li H, Bu Q, Chen B, Shao X, Hu Z, Deng P, Lv L, Deng Y, Zhu R, Li Y, Zhang B, Hou J, Du C, Zhao Q, Fu D, Zhao Y, Cen X. Mechanisms of metabonomic for a gateway drug: nicotine priming enhances behavioral response to cocaine with modification in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter level. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87040. [PMID: 24489831 PMCID: PMC3904956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the most commonly used drugs, has become a major concern because tobacco serves as a gateway drug and is linked to illicit drug abuse, such as cocaine and marijuana. However, previous studies mainly focused on certain genes or neurotransmitters which have already been known to participate in drug addiction, lacking endogenous metabolic profiling in a global view. To further explore the mechanism by which nicotine modifies the response to cocaine, we developed two conditioned place preference (CPP) models in mice. In threshold dose model, mice were pretreated with nicotine, followed by cocaine treatment at the dose of 2 mg/kg, a threshold dose of cocaine to induce CPP in mice. In high-dose model, mice were only treated with 20 mg/kg cocaine, which induced a significant CPP. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance based on metabonomics was used to investigate metabolic profiles of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum. We found that nicotine pretreatment dramatically increased CPP induced by 2 mg/kg cocaine, which was similar to 20 mg/kg cocaine-induced CPP. Interestingly, metabolic profiles showed considerable overlap between these two models. These overlapped metabolites mainly included neurotransmitters as well as the molecules participating in energy homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Our results show that the reinforcing effect of nicotine on behavioral response to cocaine may attribute to the modification of some specific metabolites in NAc and striatum, thus creating a favorable metabolic environment for enhancing conditioned rewarding effect of cocaine. Our findings provide an insight into the effect of cigarette smoking on cocaine dependence and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Shao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Hu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lv
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Deng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baolai Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Hou
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changman Du
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengqi Fu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Calvani R, Brasili E, Praticò G, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Marini F, Sciubba F, Finamore A, Roselli M, Marzetti E, Miccheli A. Fecal and urinary NMR-based metabolomics unveil an aging signature in mice. Exp Gerontol 2014; 49:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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1H nuclear magnetic resonance brain metabolomics in neonatal mice after hypoxia-ischemia distinguished normothermic recovery from mild hypothermia recoveries. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:170-9. [PMID: 23708689 PMCID: PMC3734529 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild brain hypothermia (31-34 °C) after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in human and animal neonates. Using an asphyxia model with neonatal mice treated with mild hypothermia after HI, we investigated whether (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics of brain extracts could suggest biomarkers and distinguish different treatments and outcome groups. METHODS At postnatal day 7 (P7), CD1 mice underwent right carotid artery occlusion, 30 min of HI (8% oxygen), and 3.5 h of either hypothermia (31 °C) or normothermia (37 °C). Whole brains were frozen immediately after HI, immediately after 3.5 h of hypothermia or normothermia treatments, and 24 h later. Perchloric acid extractions of 36 metabolites were quantified by 900 MHz (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate analyses included principal component analyses (PCA) and a novel regression algorithm. Histological injury was quantified after HI at 5 d. RESULTS PCA scores plots separated normothermia/HI animals from hypothermia/HI and control animals, but more data are required for multivariate models to be predictive. Loadings plots identified 11 significant metabolites, whereas the regression algorithm identified 6. Histological injury scores were significantly reduced by hypothermia. CONCLUSION Different treatment and outcome groups are identifiable by (1)H NMR metabolomics in a neonatal mouse model of mild hypothermia treatment of HI.
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Bu Q, Lv L, Yan G, Deng P, Wang Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Li Y, Cen X. NMR-based metabonomic in hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of methamphetamine-sensitized rats. Neurotoxicology 2013; 36:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Li Y, Yan GY, Zhou JQ, Bu Q, Deng PC, Yang YZ, Lv L, Deng Y, Zhao JX, Shao X, Zhu RM, Huang YN, Zhao YL, Cen XB. ¹H NMR-based metabonomics in brain nucleus accumbens and striatum following repeated cocaine treatment in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 218:196-205. [PMID: 22609933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a few cerebral metabolites modified by cocaine in brain regions; however, endogenous metabolic profiling has been lacking. Ex vivo (1)H NMR (hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach coupled with partial least squares was applied to investigate the changes of cerebral metabolites in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum of rats subjected to cocaine treatment. Our results showed that both single and repeated cocaine treatment can induce significant changes in a couple of cerebral metabolites. The increase of neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) were observed in NAc and striatum from the rats repeatedly treated with cocaine. Creatine and taurine increased in NAc whereas taurine increased and creatine decreased in striatum after repeated cocaine treatment. Elevation of N-acetylaspartate in NAc and striatum and decrease of lactate in striatum were observed, which may reflect the mitochondria dysregulation caused by cocaine; moreover, alterations of choline, phosphocholine and glycerol in NAc and striatum could be related to membrane disruption. Moreover, groups of rats with and without conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus are presenting difference in metabolites. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence of metabonomic profiling of NAc and striatum in response to cocaine, exhibiting a regionally-specific alteration patterns. We find that repeated cocaine administration leads to significant metabolite alterations, which are involved in neurotransmitter disturbance, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysregulation and membrane disruption in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Son N, Hur HJ, Sung MJ, Kim MS, Hwang JT, Park JH, Yang HJ, Kwon DY, Yoon SH, Chung HY, Kim HJ. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of livers from aged rats. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2551-8. [PMID: 22380686 DOI: 10.1021/pr201263q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We used UPLC-Q-TOF MS to analyze hepatic metabolites of rats aged 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; the MS data were processed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to investigate the discrimination among sample groups. Rats were significantly separated with increasing age, except those aged between 6 and 12 months. We identified only 25 of 120 metabolites contributing to the separation: lipid metabolites (glycerol-3-phosphate, linolenic acid, lysophosphatidylcholines [lysoPCs]), energy metabolism intermediates (betaine, carnitine, acylcarnitines, creatine, pantothenic acid), nucleic acid metabolites (inosine, xanthosine, uracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine), and tyrosine. Aging accumulated energy metabolism intermediates, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and 2 major lysoPCs (C18:0 and C22:6). The NAD level and NAD/NADH ratio decreased with age. It was indicated that aging might decrease energy production through β-oxidation because of a decrease in NAD despite the accumulation of lipid energy metabolism intermediates. In addition to energy dysregulation, hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are elevated with age, might accumulate reactive oxygen species in the liver. These results strongly support two aging theories: those of energy dysregulation and free radicals. Additionally, we propose a metabolic pathway related to aging based on these hepatic metabolites. These metabolites and the proposed aging pathway could be used to understand aging and related diseases better, and increase the predictability of aging risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Son
- Research Division for Emerging Innovation Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea
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Hu Z, Deng Y, Hu C, Deng P, Bu Q, Yan G, Zhou J, Shao X, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhu R, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Cen X. ¹H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of brain in rats of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:11-9. [PMID: 22391120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic consequences of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention have not been well explored. In the present study, the metabolic changes in brain hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of rats with morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention were explored by using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with principal component analysis, partial least squares and orthogonal signal correction analysis. We found that the concentrations of neurotransmitters including glutamate, glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid changed differentially in hippocampus, NAc, PFC and striatum after repeated morphine treatment. Significant changes were also found in a number of cerebral metabolites including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), lactic acid, creatine, myo-inositol and taurine. These findings indicate the profound disturbances of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitters caused by chronic morphine treatment. Interestingly, morphine-induced changes in lactic acid, creatine and NAA were clearly reversed by intervention of methadone or clonidine. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic alteration associated with morphine addiction and withdrawal therapy, which may help to develop new pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Hu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Salek RM, Pears MR, Cooper JD, Mitchison HM, Pearce DA, Mortishire-Smith RJ, Griffin JL. A metabolomic comparison of mouse models of the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2011; 49:175-184. [PMID: 21461951 PMCID: PMC4123122 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-011-9491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of fatal inherited neurodegenerative diseases in humans distinguished by a common clinical pathology, characterized by the accumulation of storage body material in cells and gross brain atrophy. In this study, metabolic changes in three NCL mouse models were examined looking for pathways correlated with neurodegeneration. Two mouse models; motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse and a variant model of late infantile NCL, termed the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (nclf) mouse were investigated experimentally. Both models exhibit a characteristic accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment in neuronal and non neuronal cells. The NMR profiles derived from extracts of the cortex and cerebellum from mnd and nclf mice were distinguished according to disease/wildtype status. In particular, a perturbation in glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and a decrease in γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellum and cortices of mnd (adolescent mice) and nclf mice relative to wildtype at all ages were detected. Our results were compared to the Cln3 mouse model of NCL. The metabolism of mnd mice resembled older (6 month) Cln3 mice, where the disease is relatively advanced, while the metabolism of nclf mice was more akin to younger (1-2 months) Cln3 mice, where the disease is in its early stages of progression. Overall, our results allowed the identification of metabolic traits common to all NCL subtypes for the three animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza M. Salek
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Michael R. Pears
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - David A. Pearce
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104-0589, USA
| | | | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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Derecki NC, Quinnies KM, Kipnis J. Alternatively activated myeloid (M2) cells enhance cognitive function in immune compromised mice. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:379-85. [PMID: 21093578 PMCID: PMC3039052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that adaptive immunity plays a key role in cognitive function. T cells appear to be major players in learning and memory; thus, mice devoid of functional T cells are impaired in performance of cognitive tasks such as Morris water maze (MWM), Barnes maze and others. This is a reversible phenomenon; injection of immune deficient mice with T cells from wild type counterparts improves their cognitive function. Recently we described a critical role for T cell-derived IL-4 as having beneficial effects on learning and memory through regulation of meningeal myeloid cell phenotype. In the absence of IL-4, meningeal myeloid cells acquire a pro-inflammatory skew. Thus, the presence of IL-4 in the meningeal spaces maintains a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory myeloid cell phenotype. Here we show that macrophages alternatively activated in vitro (M2 cells) can circumvent the need for 'pro-cognitive' T cells when injected intravenously into immune deficient mice. These results show for the first time that M2 myeloid cells are new and unexpected players in cognitive function, conferring beneficial effects on learning and memory without adaptive immune influence. These results might lead to development of new therapeutic approaches for cognitive pathologies associated with malfunction of adaptive immunity, such as chemo-brain, age-related dementia, HIV-dementia, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel C Derecki
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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17
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Barba I, Fernandez-Montesinos R, Garcia-Dorado D, Pozo D. Alzheimer's disease beyond the genomic era: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1477-85. [PMID: 18554316 PMCID: PMC3918063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease, with no definitive biomarkers available that allow clinical diagnosis; this represents a major problem for the advance of efficient drug discovery programs. A successful approach towards the understanding and treatment of AD should take into consideration this complex nature. In this sense, metabolic networks are subject to severe stoichiometric restrictions. Metabolomics amplifies changes both in the proteome and the genome, and represents a more accurate approximation to the phenotype of an organism in health and disease. In this article, we will examine the current rationale for metabolomics in AD, its basic methodology and the available data in animal models and human studies. The discussed topics will highlight the importance of being able to use the metabolomic information in order to understand disease mechanisms from a systems biology perspective as a non-invasive approach to diagnose and grade AD. This could allow the assessment of new therapies during clinical trials, the identification of patients at risk to develop adverse effects during treatment and the final implementation of new tools towards a more personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Barba
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Service, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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