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Yang Y, Zou J, Li M, Yun Y, Li J, Bai J. Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from blackcurrant fruits and its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130047. [PMID: 38336315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Microwave assisted aqueous two-phase system (MA-ATPS) was used to simultaneously extract two polysaccharides from blackcurrant. Under the suitable ATPS (ethanol/(NH4)2SO4, 26.75 %/18.98 %) combining with the optimal MA conditions (liquid-to-material ratio 58.5 mL/g, time 9.5 min, temperature 60.5 °C, power 587 W) predicted by response surface methodology, the yields of the top/bottom phase polysaccharides were 13.08 ± 0.37 % and 42.65 ± 0.89 %, respectively. After purification through column chromatography, the top phase polysaccharide (PRTP) and bottom phase polysaccharide (PRBP) were obtained. FT-IR, methylation and NMR analyses confirmed that the repeating unit in the backbone of PRTP was →2, 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→, while the possible unit in PRBP was →4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 2, 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→. PRBP with relatively low molecular weight exhibited better stability, rheological property, free radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities than PRTP. PRTP and PRBP were reversible mixed-type inhibitors for AChE, and the conformation of AChE was changed after binding with the polysaccharides. Molecular docking, fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry assays revealed that PRTP and PRBP quenched the fluorescence through static quenching mechanism, and the van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding played key roles in the stability of polysaccharide-enzyme complexes. This study provided a theoretical basis for blackcurrant polysaccharides as AChE inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Zou
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Bai
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Fonseca TG, Auguste M, Ribeiro F, Cardoso C, Mestre NC, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Environmental relevant levels of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide produce harmful effects in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:798-809. [PMID: 29727846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs applied in chemotherapy enter the aquatic environment after patient's metabolism and excretion, in both main compounds and their respective metabolites. The increased consumption and discharge of these drugs raise concern on the genotoxic burden to non-target aquatic species, due to their unselective action on DNA. Settlement and adsorption of cytotoxic drugs to aquatic sediments pose risks to benthic species through chronic exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, after 14 days of exposure to environmental relevant concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng L-1). Burrowing impairment, neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidases - GPXs activities), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation - LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were assessed. Burrowing impairments were higher at the lowest CP concentrations tested. The higher CP levels tested (500 and 1000 ng L-1) induced a significant inhibition on the enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD, GPx) and on GST activity. DNA damage was also significant at these concentrations as an outcome of CP metabolism, and high levels of oxidative damage occurred. The results showed that the prodrug CP was metabolically activated in the benthic biological model N. diversicolor. In addition to the potential cytotoxic impact likely to be caused in aquatic species with similar metabolism, N. diversicolor proved to be reliable and vulnerable to the cytotoxic mode of action of CP, even at the lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Auguste
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - F Ribeiro
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - N C Mestre
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on catalase, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide synthase in erythro-leukemic cells. Life Sci 2015; 121:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nazam N, Shaikh S, Lone MI, Sharma M, Ahmad W. Combinedin silicoandin vivostudies shed insights into the acute acetylcholinesterase response in rat and human brain. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:407-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Nazam
- Division of Genetics; Department of Zoology; Gene-Tox Laboratory; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh U.P. India
| | | | - Mohammad Iqbal Lone
- Division of Genetics; Department of Zoology; Gene-Tox Laboratory; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh U.P. India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Division of Genetics; Department of Zoology; Gene-Tox Laboratory; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh U.P. India
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Division of Genetics; Department of Zoology; Gene-Tox Laboratory; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh U.P. India
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